At present, there are many forms of adolescent mental health problems, which are mainly manifested as: learning difficulties, exam anxiety, difficulties in coping with setbacks, adolescent psychological distortion, emotional instability, poor self-control, low psychological endurance, weak will, lack of self-confidence, poor memory, inattention, poor thinking, unstable academic performance, and fighting, swearing, lying, cheating in exams, being tired of learning, playing truant, etc. When these psychological problems are serious, they may turn into psychological crises.
First, psychological problems and causes
1. Personality development problems-lack of independence, excessive dependence, poor introversion and adaptability.
Personality is the sum of individual psychological characteristics, which reflects a person's psychological essence and is also the basis of various mental symptoms and reflections. Incomplete personality development will lead to personality disorder, which is a serious psychological problem. It is manifested in the deviation of personality structure and personality characteristics from normal people. Among the current adolescent personality disorders, dependent personality and schizophrenic personality are more common. The outstanding obstacles of dependent personality are lack of independence, lack of self-reliance, lack of independent opinion, being at a loss when encountering things, and often being in a passive position when dealing with interpersonal relationships. Generally speaking, dependent personality begins in childhood and becomes more obvious after puberty. Children's personality characteristics are mainly formed by parents' over-protection, over-substitution and over-tolerance. Schizophrenic personality is characterized by introversion, withdrawn, timidity, lack of communication with others, poor adaptability and social adaptability, and often unable to adapt to the new environment.
2. The data related to adolescent sexual psychological problems show that the puberty of children in China is coming ahead of schedule. With the improvement of nutritional level and the change of nutritional status, teenagers' sexual physiology is more and more advanced. According to a survey in Beijing, the age of first nocturnal emission for boys in Beijing has advanced from 65,438 06.6 years in the 1960s to 65,438 03.7 years in the 1990s, and menarche for girls has advanced from 65,438 04.5 years in the 1960s to 65,438 02.2 years in the 1990s. Physical development is advanced, while sexual psychological maturity is relatively lagging behind. The conflict between them has brought many psychological problems to teenagers. For example, the closed psychology of adolescence is mainly manifested in the external manifestations tend to be closed and occluded, and the increasingly rich and complex internal activities coexist in the same individual. It can be said that closed psychology is a universal and special symbol of adolescent psychology.
At the same time, the physiological upheaval of adolescence will inevitably cause emotional agitation of teenagers. This turbulent emotion is sometimes explicit and sometimes implicit, but although they are excited, happy or distressed and depressed, they seem calm on the surface; They have things they want to tell others and secrets they want to tell others, but they are silent when they meet their parents or teachers. If this situation is not understood, there will be depression and anxiety and depression.
3. Idealized mentality (high expectations), lack of psychological preparation for setbacks, psychological fragility, weak social adaptability, self-centeredness and excessive narcissism.
4. Emotional problems-inferiority complex
A survey of 7050 middle school students by Wang Jisheng, a researcher at the Institute of Psychology of China Academy of Social Sciences, shows that 44. 1% of them are "hot and cold for their classmates", 35.8% are "close to teachers", 73% are "high and low in homework mood" and 8 1.9% are "studying". These data vividly prove the emotional instability of today's teenagers. Emotional instability is mainly caused by immature psychological development. Parents' personality characteristics, parenting styles and teachers' treatment of children will also affect children's emotional stability.
5. Interpersonal problems
The interpersonal relationship of teenagers mainly includes parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship.
Improper handling of parents' relationship leads to teenagers' adverse psychological reactions. When children are young, the contradiction between parents and children is not prominent. However, with the growth and development of children and the aging of parents, communication between them becomes more and more difficult. Especially when children are in adolescence and parents are in menopause, the problem is more prominent. Some children will have depression and depression, and some children will have strong rebellious psychology.
Improper handling of the relationship between teachers and students has a self-evident psychological impact on children. The main problems are rebellious psychology caused by teachers' incomprehension and distrust of students, depressive psychology and aggressive behavior caused by teachers' cognitive deviation. If the teacher lacks understanding, patience and love, and can't give enthusiastic guidance and help, instead, he blames blindly, and students will be disappointed. What's more, if teachers lack respect for students and casually devalue children's values, it will cause serious psychological trauma to children.
Making friends and getting along with classmates will directly affect the quality of study and life of college students. Everyone hopes to have an accepted sense of belonging among classmates and seek the understanding and trust of classmates and friends. If the relationship between classmates is not harmonious or even tense, some classmates will show loneliness.
6. Learning problems account for most of the current psychological problems of teenagers.
Although the education department has been vigorously promoting quality education in recent years, the shadow of exam-oriented education has been bothering the majority of teenagers. In addition, parents' high expectations for their children also put teenagers under great learning pressure. Relevant surveys show that 34% of the middle school students surveyed said that sometimes they "hold back from crying because of too much homework"; 58% of the students surveyed said that "parents are not satisfied with their grades". According to the survey, 45% of the middle school students surveyed feel that the current study pressure is too great, nearly half of them are often blamed for worrying that their academic performance can't meet their parents' expectations, and 57% of the middle school students are worried that "exam results are directly related to their own destiny and future". The psychological pressure of young students' study is increasing, which leads to listlessness, loss of appetite, insomnia, neurasthenia, decreased memory effect, slow thinking and other symptoms.
Anxiety is also a harmful emotion that college students often need to face. Test anxiety plays a prominent role in teenagers' learning psychological problems. Most people have exam anxiety, but the severity is different. Examination anxiety can cause some physical obstacles, the most common ones are headache, dizziness, poor sleep and poor diet. People who are seriously anxious about exams are often fidgety before exams. If serious test anxiety often occurs, it may lead to the formation of children's timid, nervous and uneasy personality and psychological characteristics.
Second, self-correction, out of psychological difficulties,
1. Rebuild personality:
Pay attention to the cultivation of emotional intelligence (comprehension, mastery and adaptability).
Actively adapt to the environment (society). Participate in a variety of campus life, participate in life-enriching societies, and bravely participate in various social practice activities. In particular, we should fully communicate with various groups and understand the living conditions of people outside ourselves.
Abide by public morality and aim high (love life and love groups)
2. Adjust mentality: cultivate gratitude and establish a sunny mentality.
3. Learn to be a man: quality-from self-interest to self-interest, attitude-tolerance: building harmonious interpersonal relationships.
4. Rebuild self-confidence: stand on your own feet and live for yourself, regardless of others' approval! Cultivate correct self-confidence. High expectations brought by overconfidence and inferiority caused by extreme unconfidence are the prerequisites for mental illness. College students should seek truth from facts and cultivate healthy, positive and optimistic self-confidence.
5. Adjust learning objectives: improve ability, master methods, improve grades and master knowledge!
6. Self-regulation, open your heart to friends, relatives or psychologists and vent your depression. In the aspect of learning self-regulation, we call it "self-rationalization" in psychology, that is to say, we should have a little more Ah Q spirit, be good at rationalizing various reasons of the environment, minimize frustration and relieve various pressures brought by the external environment. However, it is better to talk to people consciously, and it is better to seek the help of a psychologist when talking to people.
7. Psychological disorder requires psychotherapy and medication.
8. Early diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, clear the fog and see the light of day. Some people think that heart disease is not a disease, and it is shameful to see a psychologist if there is a problem; These ideas must be removed. Get rid of these ideas. Maybe when you have serious mental illness or suicidal thoughts or criminal impulses, you will take the initiative to seek medical help to reduce the loss of health or life.