science
Relative atomic mass that may be used in this volume: h-1c-12o-16f-19ca-40.
In the calculation of this volume, g is 10N/kg.
A, multiple-choice questions (this question has 20 small questions, each with 3 points and ***60 points. Please choose an option that matches the meaning of each question, and no points will be given if you don't choose, choose more than one, or choose the wrong one)
1. The following are common phenomena in daily life, among which the chemical changes are
A. Sucrose dissolves in water B. Iron rusts C. Ice melts D. Balloon expands.
2. The following belong to plants without stem and leaf differentiation.
A. black pine B. fern C. soybean D. kelp
One of the plans of China's lunar exploration project is to launch a lunar rover to the moon in order to further understand the basic situation of the moon. The following statement about the moon is correct.
A. The moon can't shine during the day, but it can shine at night. B. The surface of the moon is bright and dark, and the bright area is called the Moon Sea.
C at the early stage of the formation of the moon, craters can be formed when small celestial bodies hit the surface of the moon.
Apart from rocks and their fragments, there is air on the surface of the moon, but there is no water.
4. The following phenomena belong to the linear propagation of light.
5. The following substances are only used for their physical properties.
A. copper wire is used as conductor B. Carbon dioxide is used as fire extinguishing agent.
C. natural gas is used as fuel. Dilute sulfuric acid is used to make hydrogen.
6. In the following experiment or investigation activities, the control variable method is applied.
A. When measuring the liquid temperature, the glass bulb of the thermometer should be in full contact with the measured liquid.
B. When observing human oral epithelial cells with a microscope, the visual field should be brightened before observation.
C. When investigating the relationship between the incidence of influenza and seasons, the incidence of male and female should be counted separately.
D when studying the relationship between conductor resistance and thickness, the material, length and temperature of the conductor should remain unchanged.
7. Sturgeon is a kind of freshwater fish with large size and long life (pictured), which is of great value for development and utilization. At present, people have mastered the artificial egg collection and hatching technology of sturgeon, and some places in our city have vigorously developed sturgeon breeding industry and achieved remarkable economic benefits. The following statement is correct.
A. The breeding mode of sturgeon is in vitro fertilization and development in vitro. B. Sturgeon is large and belongs to viviparous animals fertilized in vivo.
C. the reason for longevity is that genetic material is constantly changing. D. The hatching technology of sturgeon artificially takes eggs belongs to cloning technology.
8. Of the following statements about crustal movement and plate theory, which are correct?
A. The world consists of seven plates. B. the plates that make up the earth will collide and crack.
C. Volcanic eruption is not a manifestation of crustal movement D. When an earthquake occurs, you should quickly run into a larger room.
Xiao Ming is standing on the escalator at a constant speed, rising from the first floor to the second floor. Which of the following statements is true?
A.xiaoming is still relative to the ground. B.xiaoming's kinetic energy remains unchanged.
C. Xiaoming's total mechanical energy remains unchanged D. Escalators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
10. Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common infectious disease caused by various enteroviruses. Most of the patients are infants under 5 years old, and their symptoms are hand, foot and oral herpes (pictured). The following statement is correct.
A. Measures to isolate patients belong to cutting off the route of transmission.
B human skin can block the invasion of pathogens and belongs to specific immunity.
Enterovirus C, which can cause hand, foot and mouth disease in infants, is a pathogen.
D. Measures to disinfect the articles used by patients belong to the protection of susceptible people.
1 1. After learning the knowledge of sports and strength, Xiaoming has the following understandings, among which the correct one is
A. If two forces are equal in magnitude and direction, they must have the same effect.
B. The shot put can continue to fly in the air because of its inertia.
The beverage bottle placed on the horizontal table must be acted by the balancing force.
D. If the moving object is not acted by external force, it will stop slowly.
12. Our city is rich in water, biology and minerals. The following statement about the development and utilization of resources in our city is correct.
A Water resources are abundant, so it is free to use without water-saving measures.
D limestone is rich in resources, but it should be properly developed to prevent environmental pollution from aggravating.
C There are many kinds of wild animals with delicious meat, which is beneficial to the development of characteristic catering industry.
D The forest reserves are large, and a large number of disposable chopsticks can be cut down to increase farmers' economic income.
13. In the picture below, it is correct.
14. Rice-duck-duckweed planting is a new agricultural model, in which the aquatic plant Manjianghong (commonly known as Manjianghong) is suitable for living in a dark environment and can be used as feed for ducks, which can eat harmful insects, and duck manure fields can promote rice growth. The following statement is correct.
A. The leftovers of Manjianghong, rice and other plants are all produced by producers. B. All harmful insects in rice fields belong to one population.
C. Harmful insects belong to the decomposer of farmland ecosystem D. All duckweeds and ducks in rice fields form a biological community.
15. As shown in the figure, the solubility curves of A and B are incorrect in the following statements.
The solubility of a, a and b increases with the increase of temperature.
B.t 1℃, the solubility of b is greater than that of a.
C At T2℃, the solubility of A and B is the same, both being 40g.
D at T3℃, the mass fraction of solute in the saturated solution of A is 60%.
16. Recently, after the media continuously exposed food safety incidents, everyone was asking, "What else can I eat?" . The following statements about food hygiene and a balanced diet are correct.
A. Meat food containing "Clenbuterol" is detected and can be eaten after being processed into ham sausage.
B. Contaminated fresh vegetables must be preserved before eating, which can also reduce the incidence of cancer.
C The food hygiene in China is generally safe, and we should adhere to the reasonable collocation of all kinds of food every day.
D the premise of ensuring the nutritional balance of residents is that food must be safe, so the fewer kinds of food, the better.
17. Each kidney in human body is composed of about 1 10,000 nephrons, as shown in the figure, which is a structural diagram of a nephron. The following statements are true.
A. The inflow of arterial blood contains more carbon dioxide.
B, there is less carbon dioxide and metabolic waste in venous blood.
The inflow of arterial blood and outflow of venous blood contain less oxygen.
D. The figure shows glomerular filtration and renal tubular reabsorption.
18. After reading the table below, Xiao Ming summed up some conclusions, among which the correct ones are
Density of some substances at 0℃ and 1 standard atmospheric pressure (kg/m3)
Water 1.0× 103 ice 0.9× 103
Mercury 13.6× 103 dry pine 0.4× 103
Alcohol 0.8× 103 copper 8.9× 103
Kerosene 0.8× 103 aluminum 2.7× 103
A. the density of different substances must be different. B the density of solid matter must be greater than that of liquid matter.
C. The density of the same substance must be the same. D. Solid copper blocks and aluminum blocks with the same mass, the volume of copper blocks is smaller.
19. In the description of the four equipment diagrams shown in the figure and their usage, the mistake is that
20. In order to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers, the car is equipped with a reminder system that the seat belt is not fastened. When the passenger sits in the seat, the switch S 1 under the seat is closed. If the seat belt is not fastened, the S2 switch is turned off and the indicator light on the instrument panel is lit. If the seat belt is fastened, the switch S2 is closed and the indicator light goes out. The most reasonable circuit diagram in the following design is
Second, short answer questions (this question has 9 small questions and 20 spaces, with 2 points for each space and * * 40 points. All positions to be filled in are marked with "▲")
21.2011On April 20th, the yellow wax stone was displayed in Quzhou exhibition area of Yiwu Cultural Goods Expo in China. The texture of yellow wax stone is comparable to that of jadeite, which is of great appreciation and collection value. The main component of yellow wax stone is silicon dioxide. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) belongs to ▲ (simple substance or compound can be selected), and the valence of silicon in silicon dioxide is ▲.
22. The China Long March series of launch vehicles successfully completed a number of launch missions. In the process of rocket acceleration, chemical energy is converted into energy when fuel is burned, thus increasing the mechanical energy of the rocket; The rocket pushes itself forward by spraying backward airflow. The principle is that the role of force is ▲.
23. As shown in the figure, it is an experimental device for the reaction of hydrogen and copper oxide. Please analyze and answer:
(1) At the beginning of the experiment, the reasonable operation sequence is ▲ (choose "A" or "B");
A. heat first, and then introduce hydrogen. B, introducing hydrogen first, and then heating.
(2) The phenomenon seen in the experiment is that the black copper oxide turns into a red substance, and at the same time, water drops appear at the mouth of the test tube, indicating that hydrogen has the nature of band.
24.2011On May 22nd, underwater archaeology solved the mystery of Nan 'ao No.1 in the South China Sea. Please analyze and answer:
(1) When a diver dives into seawater, due to the low seawater temperature, the diver's skin blood vessels will bring (choose "contraction" or "relaxation"), the blood flow of the skin will decrease, and the heat dissipation will also decrease, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of body temperature;
(2) When the diver is completely immersed in the water and continues to dive, the pressure of seawater on the diver will be ▲ (choose "increase", "decrease" or "unchanged"), and the buoyancy the diver will experience will be ▲ (choose "increase", "decrease" or "unchanged").
25. The Asian section of Hangzhou-Changzhou high-speed railway is under intensive construction. The high-speed railway adopts ballastless track, that is, the subgrade does not need gravel, and the rails are directly laid on the reinforced concrete subgrade (as shown in Figure A). The construction cost is high, but it can ensure the safety of express trains. Traditional railway tracks are laid on sleepers, and ballast is covered with small gravel (as shown in Figure B). Please analyze and answer:
(1) The traditional railway rails are laid on sleepers, and the method of ▲ is adopted to reduce the pressure and prevent the rails from sinking;
(2) When the high-speed train enters the station, its speed is higher than that of the ordinary train. In order to avoid the accident of waiting passengers being "sucked" into the train, the distance between the safety line on the platform and the train is also large (as shown in Figure C). This is because when the high-speed train enters the station, the airflow speed near the car body is faster.
Big, more air pressure ▲ (choose "big" or "small").
26. Our city has a large area of selenium-enriched soil resources. White lotus, sweet potato and rice planted in this soil are called selenium-enriched products because they are rich in selenium, and they are exported to European and American markets. "Selenium" in selenium-enriched products refers to ▲ (optional "element", "molecule" or "atom"). It is known that the nuclear charge of selenium is 34 and the relative atomic mass is 79, so the nucleus of a selenium atom consists of 34 protons and 45 ▲.
27. Pyrite (mainly containing FeS2) is the raw material for industrial production of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The first step is that pyrite powder fully reacts with oxygen at high temperature to generate iron oxide and sulfur dioxide, and then through a series of transformations to generate sulfuric acid. The reaction in the first step can be expressed by the following chemical equation:
4FeS2+xO2==2Fe2O3+ySO2(x and y represent stoichiometry), where x = ▲.
28. Xiao Li did the following experiment: add the same amount of blue ink and red ink into two beakers with the same size, cut the petiole of celery from the base along the middle, and insert it into the two beakers respectively, as shown in the figure. After some time, he found that the leaves on the left were blue and the leaves on the right were red. Please analyze and answer:
(1) transected the petiole at Y, and many red spots were observed on the cross section. These red dots are the location of the catheter, indicating that the role of the catheter is ▲;
(2) If the petiole is transected at X, the phenomenon seen on the transection plane is ▲ (choose one);
A. There are more blue dots on the left and fewer red dots on the right.
B. The circle around is a blue dot with a red dot in the middle.
C. Blue dots and red dots are mixed and evenly distributed.
D. There are blue dots on the left and red dots on the right.
(3) Xiao Li continued the following experiment: add the same amount of red ink to beaker A and beaker B, put the two beakers at the same high temperature, but only insert fresh celery into beaker B. After a period of time, the liquid level in the beakers dropped rapidly, mainly because the liquid level dropped rapidly.
29. As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of fishing with a fishing rod, where O is the fulcrum and F 1 represents the force of the hand on the fishing rod. Please complete the following questions:
(1) Draw the arm L2 of the fishing line tension F2 on the fishing rod;
(2) The fishing rod belongs to the lever (choose "labor saving", "strenuous" or "equal arm").
Third, the experimental inquiry question (this question has 5 small questions 15 empty, each empty 2 points, ***30 points. All positions to be filled in are marked with "▲")
Xiaohua is going to use lime water and sodium carbonate solution to turn sodium hydroxide into solid in the laboratory. Please analyze and answer:
(1) reaction principle: expressed by chemical equation as Ca (OH) 2+Na2CO3 = CaCO3 ↓+2 NaOH, this reaction belongs to ▲ reaction (choose "combination", "decomposition", "replacement" or "double decomposition");
(2) Experimental step: add a certain amount of sodium carbonate solution into the test tube, then use a dropper to clear lime water into the test tube drop by drop until no precipitation occurs, and filter the mixture obtained after the reaction to obtain sodium hydroxide solid. The glass rod is used in the filtration process, and its function is ▲.
3 1. It is a common scientific research method to transform the quantity that is not easy to be measured directly into measurable quantity. Please analyze and answer:
(1) In the experiment of "Studying the Influencing Factors of Friction" (as shown in Figure A), when pulling a block with a spring dynamometer, it is necessary to make the block move on a horizontal plane, and the friction can be known by the indicator on the spring dynamometer;
(2) In the experiment of "What is the kinetic energy of an object related to?" (as shown in Figure B), small steel balls with different masses roll down the same slope and the same height. By comparison, we can judge the kinetic energy of the small steel ball when it just rolls to the horizontal plane ▲ After the small steel ball pushes the same piece,
32. Students from an interest group discussed the effects of different concentrations of auxin on promoting the rooting of plant cuttings. The experimental materials are poplar branches with the same growth conditions, which are divided into 6 equal parts and cultured in different concentrations of auxin solution and clear water respectively. The experiment was divided into four times and completed in the same laboratory. Each experiment is carried out until the branches no longer take root, and the average number of roots produced by each group of branches is calculated. The results are shown in the following table. Please analyze and answer:
2×10-1g/l2x/0-2g/l2x10-3g/l2x10-4g/l clean water.
26 May 000 160
May 3 1 002 1 10
On June 5th, 0 1 25 1 3 1
June 10 0256 16 1
(1) The purpose of setting clear water group in this experiment is ▲;
(2) According to the data in the table, when cultured with auxin with the concentration of ▲, the branches take root the most;
(3) The analysis shows that when the concentration of auxin is too high, ▲ (choose "favorable" or "unfavorable") branches take root;
(4) After analyzing the data in the above table, some students came to a conclusion that "the lower the concentration of auxin, the more obvious the effect of promoting rooting". Do you think this conclusion is correct? ▲, the reason is▲.
33. Xiaohua used two different methods to ignite the iron wire when doing the experiment of burning the iron wire in oxygen, and conducted the following experiments. Please analyze and answer:
(1) Put the iron wire on the outer flame of the alcohol lamp and heat it. When the iron wire is red, move it into a gas container with enough oxygen and a little water. Wire can't be burned (as shown in Figure A). This is because when the red iron wire is moved into the gas container, ▲
(2) ignite the wire with a match. The iron wire burns violently in a gas container with enough oxygen and a small amount of water, and sparks are everywhere, generating black solids (as shown in Figure B). Please write down the chemical formula of this black solid.
34. French scientist Albert? Phil and German scientist Peter? Gruenberg won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect. Xiao Ming designed the circuit as shown in the figure to study the relationship between the magnitude of giant magnetoresistance and the presence or absence of magnetic field. Please analyze and answer:
(1) Disconnect S 1, close S2, move the slider of sliding rheostat R2, and measure four sets of data of two instruments, as shown in the following table. Therefore, the resistance of GMR in the absence of magnetic field is ▲ω;
Experimental serial number 1234
u/V 1.00 1.25 2.00 2.50
I/An 2× 10-3 2.5× 10-3 4× 10-3 5× 10-3
Then close S 1 and S2, keep the position of the wind vane unchanged, and move the sliding rheostat R2.
Sliding vane, four groups of data measured by two instruments are shown in the following table, and can be calculated when there is a magnetic field.
The resistance of giant magnetoresistance;
Experimental serial number 1234
u/V 0.45 0.9 1. 1.50 1.79
I/A 0.3× 10-3 0.6× 10-3 1× 10-3 1.2× 10-3
(2) Through the above experiments, the conclusion is ▲;
(3) Using the circuit designed by Xiao Ming and keeping the original equipment unchanged, we can further study the related problems of giant magnetoresistance.
Fourth, analysis and calculation (there are four small questions in this question, 6 points in the 35th question, 9 points in the 36th question, 7 points in the 37th question, 8 points in the 38th question, and 30 points in * * *).
35.20 1 1 March11day, an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred in Japan, which triggered a tsunami. Affected by this, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant exploded and several reactor units caught fire. On March 19, a company in China donated a 62-meter-long pump truck to Japan, which mainly participated in the water injection and cooling of nuclear power plant reactors. Please complete the following questions:
(1) This pump truck started from Changsha, and after 25 hours of long-distance transportation 1200 kilometers, it arrived in Shanghai, and then it was transported to Japan. What is the average speed of this pump truck from Changsha to Shanghai?
(2) The pump truck injects 1 80 tons of water into the nuclear reactor unit within1hour. Assuming that the water injection height is 50 meters, how much work does the pump truck need to do on the water?
36.2011March 10, a hydrofluoric acid leakage accident occurred in a chemical enterprise in our city. After on-site treatment by fire officers and soldiers, the leakage was controlled. Hydrofluoric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas, which is acidic, highly toxic and corrosive. When a small amount of hydrofluoric acid leaks, it can be treated with a mixture of sand and dry hydrated lime. The chemical properties of hydrofluoric acid are similar to hydrochloric acid, and it can react with hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2] to generate calcium fluoride (CaF2) and water. Please analyze and answer according to the above information:
(1) pH value of hydrofluoric acid ▲ 7 (optional >), "=" or "
(2) Toxicity and corrosiveness belong to the nature of hydrofluoric acid;
(3) The existing hydrofluoric acid solution with 35% solute mass fraction is 4kg. How many kilograms of hydrated lime is needed for complete reaction?
37. A brand of "first-generation hot air hand dryer" has a large thermal power, which not only consumes a lot of energy, but also has a high internal temperature when working, which makes electronic devices and circuits easy to age and has a short service life; At present, the second generation of high-speed hand dryer is developed by using high-speed motor. The wind speed can reach 100m/s, and it only takes a few seconds to dry hands. No need for high temperature, low thermal power, so low energy consumption, low failure rate and long service life.
Parameter comparison table of first-generation hot air hand dryer and second-generation high-speed hand dryer
Rated voltage, rated total power and hand drying time
First generation hot air hand dryer 220 volts 2000 watts for 36 seconds.
Second-generation high-speed hand dryer 220v1100W6s.
Please complete the following questions:
(1) Compared with the first-generation hot air hand dryer, the second-generation high-speed hand dryer can speed up hand drying mainly because ▲;
(2) What is the current when the second generation high-speed hand dryer works normally?
(3) If the electricity price is 1 yuan/kwh, how much money can be saved in one month by using the second-generation high-speed hand dryer normally compared with the first-generation hot air hand dryer? (240 times a day, 30 days a month)
38. In order to understand the growth law of tea trees, a scientific research institution selected three potted tea trees, Wuniuzao, Zhenong 1 17 and Longjing 43, which had been growing for one year, for photosynthesis research. The experiment was carried out in the same greenhouse with constant carbon dioxide concentration and suitable humidity, and the organic matter accumulation per unit leaf area of three tea plants was determined by scientific instruments. The experimental results are shown in Figure A, and the temperature in the greenhouse is also recorded. Please analyze and answer:
(1) As can be seen from Figure A, the peaks of organic matter accumulation per unit leaf area of the three tea varieties all appear in▲ (fill in the specific time), indicating that plants have the strongest▲ function and produce the most organic matter at this time;
(2) Comprehensive analysis of the experimental data in Figure A and Figure B, you think the conclusion of the experiment is ▲;
(3) Drinking tea in moderation is good for your health, because tea contains a substance called catechin, which has the functions of lowering blood fat and inhibiting arteriosclerosis. It is known that the chemical formula of a catechin is C 15H 14O6, and the mass ratio of carbon to hydrogen in catechin is C: H = ▲.
Zhejiang Province 20 1 1 Academic Examination Paper for Junior High School Graduates (Quzhou Volume)
Reference answers to scientific questions
A, multiple-choice questions (this question has 20 small questions, each with 3 points and ***60 points. Please choose the correct option that fits the meaning of each question. )
The title is 1 23455 6789 10.
Answer b d c a a a d b b c
The title is11213141516171819 20.
Answer c b d a d c d a b
Second, short answer questions (this question has 9 small questions, 20 spaces, 2 points for each space, ***40 points)
2 1. compound +4 22. Internal (or thermal) interaction 23. (1) B (2) reduction
24.( 1) contraction (2) becomes larger and remains unchanged 25. (1) Enlarged stress zone (2) Reduced by 26. Elemental neutron
27.1128. (1) Transpiration of transport water and inorganic salts (2)D (3) B leaves
29.( 1) (as shown on the right) (2) efforts
Third, the experimental inquiry question (this question has five small questions 15 empty, each empty 2 points, ***30 points)
30.( 1) Double decomposition (2) Evaporative crystallization drainage 3 1. (1) Constant speed straight line (2) Moving distance (or moving distance)
32.( 1) plays a control role. (2) 2× 10-5g/L (3) is not suitable. (4) This is incorrect, because the experiment was not carried out with low concentration of auxin.
33.( 1) Iron wire temperature drops below ignition point (2)Fe3O4
34.( 1) 500 (2) When there is a magnetic field, the resistance of giant magnetoresistance increases obviously.
(3) Study the relationship between giant magnetoresistance and magnetic field strength (or study the relationship between giant magnetoresistance and magnetic field direction)
Fourth, analysis and calculation (there are four small questions in this question, 6 points in the 35th question, 9 points in the 36th question, 7 points in the 37th question, 8 points in the 38th question, and 30 points in * * *).
35.(6 points)
Solution: (1) v = s/t =1200km/25h = 48km/h.
(2)g = mg = 180000kg× 10N/kg = 1.8× 106n。
w = fs = GH = 1.8× 106n×50m = 9× 107j。
Answer: (1) The average speed of this pump truck from Changsha to Shanghai is 48 km/h.
(2) The pump truck needs to be 9× 107 water coke.
36.(9 points)
( 1)& lt； (2) Chemical solution (3): Assume that X kilograms of hydrated lime is needed.
2HF + Ca(OH)2 = CaF2+2H2O
40 74
4 kg × 35% x kg
40∶74=4 kg× 35% ∶ x kg
X=2.59
A: It needs 2.59 kilograms of hydrated lime.
37.(7 points).
Solution: (1) The air velocity on the liquid surface is high (or the wind speed is high) (2) I = p/u =1100 w/220v = 5a.
(3) The first generation hot air hand dryer: W = Pt = 2kW× 36/3600h× 240 = 4.8kW.
The second generation of high-speed hand dryer; W = Pt = 1. 1 kw× 6/3600 hours× 240 = 0.44 kwh.
(4.8 kWh-0.44 kWh) × 1 yuan /kWh× 30 = 130.8 yuan.
Answer: (2) The current of the second-generation high-speed hand dryer is 5 A when it works normally.
(3) one month can save 130.8 yuan, 38. (8 points) (1) 10: 00 photosynthesis.
(2) The photosynthesis of tea plants increased with the increase of temperature, reaching the highest at 35℃, and then gradually weakened with the increase of temperature.
(3)90∶7