Keywords: children; Adaptability to enter the park; Solution countermeasures
At present, children's physical development and psychological development are still sound, and their adaptability to the environment is poor. Many children will show various maladjustments after entering the park, mainly including crying, separation anxiety, not eating or drinking, losing their temper, crying for a long time to find their mother and other maladjustments.
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At the beginning of the new semester, children should go from familiar families to unfamiliar kindergartens and be separated from their parents and relatives who live together day and night. Facing the unfamiliar environment, strange teachers and strange companions in kindergarten, coupled with the freedom of home activities and the constraints of collective life rules, children will have great fear and insecurity, and their adaptability to kindergarten will follow, both physically and psychologically.
The problem of children's adaptability to kindergarten refers to a series of problems arising from children's transfer from family environment to kindergarten environment, and through the interaction between self-regulation and kindergarten environment, they can improve their self-care ability, understand the rules of collective life, and form a series of problems in the process of interpersonal communication. Mainly in the following aspects:
(1) The deterioration of children's mood. Parents sent their children to the park and didn't want to be separated from their parents. They cried for a long time to find their mother. Like to be alone, not to communicate and play with other children; Do not dare to tell the teacher about any needs, and have no verbal communication with the teacher; Emotional excitement, instability, distraction, depression, and low interest in group activities (2) physical condition changes, and I dare not urinate, even dare not ask the teacher for help or go to the toilet frequently; It's hard to sleep. Children are accompanied by their parents when they take a nap at home, or the nap time is relatively free. In kindergarten, it is necessary to fall asleep during that time, so it is difficult for children to fall asleep quickly or ask for accompanying sleep. Children sometimes have fever, cough and other physical discomfort, and some will last for a long time. If children are not guided to adapt to entering the park, it will seriously affect their physical and mental health, and even cause serious harm to their physical and mental health.
? At present, children's adaptability has been paid attention to. Many kindergartens have done a lot of work and accumulated a lot of experience in solving the problem of children's adaptability. However, the problem of children's adaptability is still extensive, and there are still many problems in guiding children's adaptability. For example, children don't cry or make trouble, and they have adapted to kindergarten; In addition, it is very unfavorable for children to adapt to kindergarten teaching and neglect conservation.
? Problems and causes of children's kindergarten adaptation
? Parents' problems: Some parents are too protective of their children, afraid that their children will "accompany them" because they don't adapt to kindergarten life, or send their children to the park very late and pick them up very early, resulting in their children not paying much attention to it; On the contrary, some parents send their children to class, and leave immediately whether the children cry or not, so that the children have no time to sort out their emotions; Some parents don't formally say goodbye to their children. They often take advantage of their children's novelty and curiosity to look around, thinking that "long-term pain is better than short-term pain", which will make children adapt to the environment faster. Unexpectedly, their children found their mother and came back, as if they had been tricked into leaving him in kindergarten. They cried so hard that they didn't trust their mother anymore.
Problems between kindergartens and teachers: Many kindergartens stipulate that parents can only send their children to the school gate. Some children don't want to go in, and they are forcibly carried in by teachers or aunts. When I was in kindergarten, I witnessed several children struggling and crying all the way, which really made people shudder. Teacher: When a child cries, it's just comfort. When children cry because of the new environment and separation anxiety, comfort will only make children trust and rely on you, but it will not solve the problem. And ignore the crying children. Some children will have a long adaptation period after entering the park, during which they will cry all the time. Some teachers will care at first, but they will be impatient after a long time. They will think that as long as the children get used to it for a long time, they will not cry, so they will "cold treat" the crying children. What's more, cheat or intimidate children. Some children have been crying for their mother, and some teachers will lie to the children to say "Mom will pick you up soon, as long as you don't cry" or "I will call your mother to pick you up as long as you don't cry". Some teachers directly scare crying children "if you cry again, you won't let your mother pick you up" and so on. This behavior may make the child stop crying for a while, but it is very harmful to the child.
Family factors: parents spoil their children too much and follow their children in everything, which leads to serious self-centeredness and poor cooperation ability. Moreover, such children often have poor self-care ability, and some parents are too autocratic and ask questions about everything, which may lead to their weakness or aggression. Such children can't adapt to the rules and regulations of kindergarten well. Some parents indulge or neglect their children, and such children have poor adaptability to rules and regulations and interpersonal skills.
Children's own characteristics: on the one hand, children's own personality. If the child is introverted, can't communicate with other children in a friendly way, or even avoid other children, and is highly dependent, and rarely does activities alone, it will take longer to adapt. On the one hand, children's self-care ability is poor. Because of poor self-care ability, some children can't use spoons flexibly, some children can't put on and take off their clothes themselves, and they dare not ask the teacher for help, so children will have more adaptability problems.
Strategies to better adapt children to kindergarten life.
Parents: Parents can take their children to the kindergarten to play before they enter the park, get familiar with the kindergarten environment, feel the fun of playing with their peers in advance, and stimulate their love for the kindergarten; Parents can also go to the kindergarten to understand the daily life of the kindergarten, restore the life of the kindergarten as much as possible, cultivate children's awareness of rules, develop good work and rest habits, cultivate children's self-care ability, learn to take off their pants and go to the toilet, use a spoon by themselves, and be able to finish meals independently and develop a good habit of taking a nap; When children start school, parents should insist on picking them up on time every day, so that children can develop good habits of entering the park.
Kindergarten: create a good class environment for children. Class environment includes material environment and spiritual environment. Teachers should start with the material environment and spiritual environment to create an environment suitable for children to like, so that children can like this new environment as soon as they enter the kindergarten, thus stimulating their enthusiasm for entering the kindergarten. In environmental creation, first of all, teachers should create an orderly and warm physical environment. Teachers should create a simple environment for children to accept and adapt quickly. At the same time, teachers should also create a warm environment for children, so that children can feel safe here, feel at home and feel at ease in the environment. Secondly, teachers should create a relaxed and happy psychological environment for children. In the interaction between teachers and children, teachers should show their understanding of children and take themselves as an example to guide children to interact with their peers in a friendly way. When children encounter difficulties, teachers should try to put themselves in the children's shoes and give appropriate responses to their questions. In the activity, the teacher should pay attention to the emotional state of each child. For children in a bad mood, teachers can give encouragement by hugging or whispering, so that children can feel concerned and warm in the new environment. Before entering the park, kindergartens can let children and parents experience kindergarten life, so that children can have a familiar psychological preparation environment for kindergartens in advance; Kindergartens can appropriately shorten children's time in the park, enter the park late, leave the park early, and so on. Kindergartens should also do a good job in home cooperation, and children's adaptation to kindergartens cannot be separated from the cooperation of parents. For children who are difficult to adapt to entering the park, the class teacher should communicate with parents and meet them regularly to discuss ways to solve their children's problems. After children enter the kindergarten, teachers should know the situation of children from parents in time, and also reflect the situation of children in the park to parents, and cooperate with each other to make children adapt to kindergarten life better and faster.
References:
Chen: Talking about the countermeasures of children's anxiety in entering the park.
Jiang Yongjie: Psychological Analysis of Children's School Adaptation
Pray for Qin Hai: Correct Children's "Separation Anxiety"