Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden. Nobel devoted himself to the research of explosives all his life, and was known as the "king of explosives" for inventing nitroglycerin detonators, nitroglycerin solid explosives and colloidal explosives. He not only engaged in theoretical research, but also engaged in industrial practice. He obtained 355 patents for technological inventions in his life, and opened about 100 companies and factories in 20 countries on five continents, such as Europe and America, and accumulated huge wealth.
1896 10 February 10, Nobel died in San Remo, Italy. One year before his death, he ordered to use most of his legacy (about 9.2 million US dollars) as a fund, divide the annual interest into five parts, and set up five prizes for physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace, which will be awarded to people all over the world who have made great contributions to mankind in these fields. Accordingly,1June 900, the Swedish government approved the establishment of the Nobel Foundation, and the Swedish Parliament passed the articles of association for awarding the Nobel Prize. The Nobel Prize was awarded for the first time on the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death the following year, namely1901+02+10. Since then, in addition to the wartime interruption, grand awards ceremonies will be held on this day every year in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway. 1990, Klaus Nobel, the great grandson of Nobel, proposed to add the Nobel Earth Prize to the winners of outstanding environmental achievements. The award was first presented in World Environment Day on June 5th, 199 1. Nobel will
1968 On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the establishment of China Construction Bank, the Swedish Central Bank added the Nobel Prize for Economic Science to those who have made great contributions in the field of economic science research (called "Alfred Bernd Nobel Prize for Economic Science" by the Swedish Central Bank, also known as "Nobel Prize for Economic Science"). This award was presented at the same time as the other five awards of 1969.
1990, Klaus Nobel, the great-grandson of Nobel, proposed to add the Nobel Prize for the Earth and award it to people who have made great contributions to environmental protection all over the world. The "UN-Earth is One" prize, known as the Green Nobel Prize, was first awarded by the "Earth is One" association sponsored by the United Nations on the occasion of World Environment Day on June 5th. 199 1.
Nobel prizes include gold medals, certificates and bonus checks. Among them, the amount of bonus depends on the income of the foundation. The face value of bonus increased year by year due to inflation, initially about 30,000 US dollars, about 75,000 US dollars in the 1960s, about 220,000 US dollars in the 1980s, and about 6,543,800 US dollars in the 1990s. 200 1 year, the amount of each Nobel Prize is 6.5438+million Swedish kronor (about 950,000 US dollars). In 2005, the amount of each Bell Prize was 6.5438+million Swedish kronor (about 6.5438+0.3 million US dollars). How much is the Nobel legacy?
The gold medal weighs about half a pound, contains 23K gold, is about 6.5cm in diameter, and has a Nobel relief image on the front. Different awards and medals have different back decorations. The design of each award certificate also has its own style. The award ceremony is grand and simple, and the number of people attending the ceremony is limited to1.5000 to1.8000 every year. Among them, men should wear tuxedos or national costumes, and women should wear serious evening dresses. The flowers used in the ceremony were flown in from all over the world to show respect for knowledge.
Since the Nobel Prize was awarded in 190 1, * * six China people have won the Nobel Prize in Science, namely,,,,, Zhu,. & gt& gt
According to Nobel's will, in the whole selection process, the winners are not influenced by any nationality, nationality, ideology or religion, and the only criterion for selection is the size of achievements. However, it has also been pointed out that the Nobel Prize, especially the Peace Prize, is sometimes influenced by political and other factors in the selection process.
The whole process of Nobel Prize selection is confidential and there is no reconsideration. When the final result is announced, there are only the names of the winners and brief reasons. Relevant selection records and candidate materials shall not be disclosed to the public within 50 years. Even after this time limit, it is only available to professionals who study the Nobel Prize. The Nobel Prize awarding institutions place great emphasis on their strict independence. Even the Swedish and Norwegian governments cannot exert any influence on the selection results.
According to the Nobel will, the physics prize and chemistry prize are awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, the physiology or medicine prize by the Royal Caroline Medical College of Sweden, the literature prize by the Swedish Academy, and the peace prize by the Norwegian Nobel Committee. 1968 added an economics prize, which was provided by the Swedish central bank and entrusted to the Royal Swedish Academy of Science for evaluation. The Swedish Academy responsible for evaluating Nobel Prize in Literature was first established in 1786. This is a national college that aims to maintain and develop Swedish literature and writing. The Nobel Prize in Literature Jury is composed of 18 lifelong academicians, and the annual Nobel Prize in Literature Prize winner is publicly announced on a Thursday in 65438+ 10. According to the ancient tradition, the number of academicians who quit the College of Literature will not increase, and only after the death of the current academician will new academicians be added. On June 5438+1October1October, 2005, Professor Knuts Ahnlund, an academician of the College of Literature of Sweden and a judge of Nobel Prize in Literature, wrote an article in the Swedish Daily published on the same day, announcing his withdrawal from the Swedish Academy Literature Prize because he selected elfriede jelinek, an Austrian woman writer, as Nobel Prize in Literature by the Nobel Prize in Literature Jury in 2004.
Each awarding unit of the Nobel Prize has a five-member committee responsible for the selection, which is held every three years. The selection process and principles are as follows:
The first step in the selection process is to recommend candidates. The recommender must have certain qualifications. They must be: former Nobel Prize winners, members of Nobel Prize jury, distinguished university professors, invited professors of Nobel Prize jury, chairman of representative writers' association (literature prize), members of some international conferences and organizations (peace prize), members of national parliaments and cabinet members (peace prize). No one can recommend himself as the winner. The Swedish and Norwegian governments have no right to interfere in the selection of the Nobel Prize, nor can they support or oppose the recommended candidates. The work of recommending candidates ends before February 1 every year, and the recommender submits a recommendation report to the relevant selection agency around September. After discussing the candidates' achievements, the selection committee announced the selection results in the middle of June 5438+ 10. The evaluation of candidates by the Nobel Prize Selection Committee is conducted in secret.
—— From September to the following year1October 3 1 candidates recommended by various Nobel Prizes. There are usually 1000-2000 candidates recommended every year.
—— From February 1 day, the Nobel Prize jury will screen and review the recommended candidates, and the work will be kept strictly confidential. By September, the list of winners in various fields has been basically determined, and then the jury will hold a plenary meeting to formally decide.
-The winners of this year's Nobel Prize were selected in the second week of June+10, 5438. Notify the winner immediately after the election results are announced.
-65438+February 10 is the anniversary of Nobel's death. On this day, the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony was held in Stockholm and Oslo respectively. In Sweden, the king will give prizes to the winners.
The Swedish Nobel Foundation announced that the 2006 Nobel Prize awarding ceremony will be held in the first and second weeks of June 10, with a prize of100000 Swedish kronor (about140000 USD).
List of previous Nobel Prize winners
19011210 the first nobel prize was awarded.
German scientist Roentgen won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering X-rays.
Dutch scientist Van Tohof won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure law.
Berlin, a German scientist, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for using serum therapy to prevent diphtheria and tetanus.
The French writer Sally Prudholm wrote essays such as Destiny, Happiness and Eyes. Works such as On Art and Poetry won Nobel Prize in Literature.
Swiss Gyanen won the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the International Red Cross, and Frenchman Parsee won the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the International Peace League and the Inter-Parliamentary Union.
190265438+February 10 The second Nobel Prize was awarded.
Lorenz, a Dutch scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for establishing electronic theory, and Zeeman, a Dutch scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering Zeeman effect of magnetic force on light.
German scientist Fischer won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for synthesizing purine and its derivative peptides.
American scientist Ross won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that plasmodium was introduced into human body through Anopheles mosquitoes.
Swiss Gerbat won the Nobel Peace Prize for creating an international peace lottery, and Gui won the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating peace and opposing war.
German historian Cedell Manson won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1903 12 10 the third nobel prize was awarded.
French scientist becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering natural radioactivity, and the Curies won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering radioactive element radium.
Swedish scientist Arrhenius won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the ionization theory of electrolyte solution.
Danish scientist Finn won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for using phototherapy to treat skin diseases.
Beyonce, a Norwegian writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for The History of Rome and the Laws of Roman Countries.
Kramer, an Englishman, led International Working Men’s Association to win the Nobel Peace Prize for arbitrating international disputes and promoting international peace movements.
1904 12 10 the fourth nobel prize was awarded.
British scientist Rayleigh won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering argon.
British scientist Ramsey won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering six inert substances and determining their positions in the periodic table of elements.
Russian scientist Pavlov won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his great contribution to the study of digestive physiology.
The Spanish writer Echegaray Eizaguirre won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his plays Last Night on the hilt and Doubt, and the French writer mistral won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poems Mihai and Queen Na Ren.
The International Law Association was founded in 1873 and won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting international peace and cooperation.
1905 12 10 the fifth nobel prize was awarded.
German scientist Lerner won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on cathode rays.
German scientist Bayer won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on organic compounds such as organic dyes and organic spices.
German scientist Koch won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing bacteriology.
Polish writer Senkowitz won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel trilogy "Where Are You Going?".
Sunat, a strong Austrian woman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for actively promoting world peace.
1906 12 10 the sixth nobel prize was awarded.
British scientist Thomson won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on gas conductivity.
French scientist Mu Wasang won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for separating elemental fluorine and inventing Mu Wasang furnace.
Gorky, an Italian scientist, and Ramon Cahal, a Spanish scientist, both won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their research on the structure of nervous system.
The Italian writer Carducci won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poem Ode to Satan and his book A Study of Early Italian Literature.
American President Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for successfully mediating the Japan-Russia conflict.
1907 12 10 the seventh nobel prize was awarded.
American scientist Michelson won the Nobel Prize in physics for measuring the speed of light.
German scientist Boschner won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery of cell-free fermentation.
French scientists won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role of plasmodium in the pathogenesis.
British writer Rudyard Kipling won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poem Song of the Barracks and his novel Jim.
Moneta, an Italian, won the Nobel Peace Prize for insisting on advocating the concept of peace, while Renault, a Frenchman, set an example for solving international disputes.
1908 12 10 the eighth nobel prize was awarded.
French scientist Lippmann won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing the reproduction of color photos.
British scientist Rutherford won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on element transformation and radiochemistry.
German scientist ehrlich won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for inventing "606", and Russian scientist Mechnikov won the Nobel Prize for studying immunity.
German writer Ou Ken won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his great thinker's outlook on life.
Swedish Arnold Sen tried his best to run for the peaceful dissolution of the Norwegian Alliance, and Dane Baer won the Nobel Peace Prize for his active participation in the international peace movement.
1909 12 10 The 9th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Italian scientist Marconi and German scientist Braun won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing wireless telegraph technology.
German scientist ostwald won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his pioneering work in catalysis, chemical equilibrium and reaction speed.
Swiss scientist Kirchl won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in thyroid physiology, pathology and surgery.
The Swedish writer Lagrov won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Story of Gustav Behring.
Belgian beernaert won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating international disputes and striving for arms limitation, and Frenchman De constance won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting the reconciliation between France and the United States.
19101210 The 10th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Dutch scientist van der Waals won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on gaseous and liquid engineering.
German scientist wallach won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his pioneering work in the synthesis of alicyclic compounds.
Russian scientist Kausel won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in cytochemistry, protein and nucleoplasm.
German writer Heyzer won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels The Proud Child and Love between Heaven and Earth.
189 1 The International Peace Peace Bureau won the Nobel Peace Prize for safeguarding world peace and promoting international cooperation.
19111210 The 11th Nobel Prize was awarded.
German scientist Wayne won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the law of thermal radiation.
French scientist Marie Curie (Madame Curie) won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering radium and polonium and separating radium.
Swedish scientist Gullstrand won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on refractive optics of eyes.
Belgian writer maeterlinck won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his plays The Jade Bird and The Mona Wana.
Austrian Friede won the Nobel Peace Prize for creating several publications promoting peace and establishing the International Press Association.
19121212 The 12th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Dutch scientist Darren won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing the automatic regulator of navigation lights.
German scientist Grignard won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering organic hydride by Grignard reagent method, and French scientist Sabatier won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for studying the application of metal catalytic hydrogenation in organic synthesis.
French doctor Karel won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for vascular suture and organ transplantation.
German writer Hoptmann won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his play The Weaver.
The United States won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting the signing of 24 bilateral arbitration agreements.
19131210 The 13th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Dutch scientist Kaman Linonis won the Nobel Prize in physics for studying the properties of matter at low temperature and producing liquid helium.
Swiss scientist Werner won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his role in the bonding of protons in molecules.
French scientist Chet won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on allergy.
Tagore, an Indian poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poems The Crescent Moon and Chittaglia.
Belgian diplomat Lafontaine won the Nobel Peace Prize for urging the Geneva Peace Conference to adopt a resolution to stop air combat.
19141210 The 14th Nobel Prize was awarded.
German scientist Laue won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the X-ray diffraction of crystals.
Richards, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for accurately determining the atomic weights of several elements.
Austrian scientist Barani won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on vestibular organs.
19151210 The 15th Nobel Prize was awarded.
William Henry Bragg and British scientist Wellcome lawrence bragg won the Nobel Prize in physics for analyzing the crystal structure with X-rays.
Wiltate, a German scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on the chemical structure of chlorophyll.
French writer romain rolland won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel john cleese Dover.
19161210 The 16th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Swedish writer Hayden Stein won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poem The Age of Pilgrimage and Wandering.
19171210 The 17th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Bakla, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the characteristic emission of X-rays to elements.
Gillerup, a Danish writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel Migrant Workers of the Germans, and Pontoppidan, a Danish writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels Promised Land, Lucky Peter and Ghost Country.
The International Committee of the Red Cross was founded in 1863 and won the Nobel Peace Prize for its great work in establishing communication between prisoners of war and their families.
19181210 The 18th Nobel Prize was awarded.
German scientist Planck won the Nobel Prize in physics for establishing quantum theory and discovering fundamental quantum.
German scientist Haber won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for synthesizing ammonia.
Note: Only two Nobel Prizes have been awarded this year.
19191210 The 19th Nobel Prize was awarded.
German scientist Stark won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the Doppler effect of positive ion rays and the splitting of light in electric field.
Belgian scientist Boulder won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering immunity and establishing a new immunodiagnostic method.
Swiss writer Spieler won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his epic Spring in Olympia.
American President Wilson won the Nobel Peace Prize for his initiative to create the League of Nations.
1920 12 10 The 20th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Guillaume, a Swiss scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering abnormal properties in alloys.
German scientist Nernst won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering the third law of thermodynamics. (reissued in 192 1 year)
Danish scientist Clough won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the regulation mechanism of capillaries.
The Norwegian writer Hamson won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels The Growth of the Earth and Victoria.
Bourzweil, a Frenchman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for his great contribution to the creation of the League of Nations.
192 11210 The 2nd1Nobel Prize was awarded.
German-American scientist Einstein won the Nobel Prize in physics for explaining the principle of photoelectric effect.
British scientist Soddy won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on radiochemistry and the existence and properties of isotopes.
French writer Francois won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel Modern Historical Stories.
Swede Branyan and Norwegian Langer won the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating international peace.
1922 12 10 The 22nd Nobel Prize was awarded.
Danish scientist Bohr won the Nobel Prize in physics for studying atomic structure and its radiation.
Aston, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering many isotopes and atoms by mass spectrometer.
British scientist Hill won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that muscles produce heat, while German scientist Meyerhoff won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studying oxygen consumption and lactic acid metabolism in muscles.
Spanish writer Benavent Martinez won the Nobel Prize in Literature for Bet and Saturday Night.
Norwegian Nansen won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading the international famine relief work.
1923 12 10 The 23rd Nobel Prize was awarded.
Millikan, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for measuring electron charge and studying photoelectric effect.
Austrian scientist Fritz fritz pregl won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his microanalysis of organic matter.
Canadian scientist Wan Jin and British scientist mcleod won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of insulin.
Irish writer Ye Zhi won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her poetic drama Catherine in the Lake.
1924 12 10 The 24th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Sigman, a Swedish scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on X-ray spectroscopy.
Dutch scientist Ainto Finn won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the mechanism of electrocardiogram.
Raymond, a Polish writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Farmer.
1925 12 10 The 25th Nobel Prize was awarded.
German scientists Frank and Hertz both won the Nobel Prize in physics for clarifying the law of energy conversion when electrons hit atoms.
Austrian scientist Sigmund Mondi won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for elucidating the multiphase nature of colloidal solutions.
The Irish writer Bernard Shaw won the Nobel Prize in Literature for Joan of Arc.
British Prime Minister Chamberlain won the Nobel Peace Prize for conspiring to sign the Locarno Convention, and American humanist Weiss won the Nobel Peace Prize for formulating Dawes Plan.
1926 12 10 The 26th Nobel Prize was awarded.
French scientist Palin won the Nobel Prize in physics for studying the discontinuity of material structure and measuring atomic weight.
Svederborg, a Swedish scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing a high-speed centrifuge and applying it to the study of highly dispersed colloidal substances.
Danish doctor Fibiger won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on cancer.
Italian writer Deleda won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novels After Divorce, Ashes and Mother.
Frenchman Briander won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting the signing of the Locarno Peace Treaty, while German Le hessman won the Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to the understanding of European countries.
1927 12 10 The 27th Nobel Prize was awarded.
American scientist Compton won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the wavelength change of scattered X-rays, and British scientist Wilson won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing a cloud chamber where charged particles can be seen.
German scientist Vilander won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering cholic acid and its chemical structure.
Austrian doctor Jauregg won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studying psychiatry and treating paralytic dementia.
The French philosopher Bergson won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his philosophical work "Evolution of Creation".
Bisson, a Frenchman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for seeking a peaceful settlement between France and Germany, and Quaid, a German, won the Nobel Peace Prize for opposing illegal military training.
1928 12 10 The 28th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Richardson, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the basic law of the relationship between electron emission and temperature.
German scientist Windaus won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for studying the relationship between propanol and its vitamins.
French scientist Nicole won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research on typhus.
Undset, a Norwegian woman writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novel The Daughter of Christian Loveland.
1929 12 10 The 29th Nobel Prize was awarded.
De Broglie, a French scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for proposing that particles have wave-particle duality.
British scientist Harden won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on sugar fermentation and the role of enzymes in fermentation, while Swedish scientist Ajele Sherpin won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on sugar fermentation and the role of enzymes in fermentation.
Dutch scientist Aikman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering vitamin B 1 for preventing beriberi, and British scientist Hopkins won the Nobel Prize for discovering vitamins for promoting life growth.
German writer Herman won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Budenbrooks.
American Kellogg won the Nobel Peace Prize for signing the Kellogg briand Convention.
1930 12 10 The 30th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Indian scientist Raman won the Nobel Prize in physics for studying the scattering of light and discovering Raman effect.
German scientist Fischer won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for studying heme and chlorophyll and synthesizing heme.
Karl Landsteiner, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studying the classification of human blood types and discovering four main blood types.
American writer Lewis won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels The Main Street and Babbitt.
Swede Saad Bloom won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to seek world peace.
19311210 The 3rd1Nobel Prize was awarded.
German scientists Bosch and Bergeron won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing the high-pressure method applied to high pressure.
German scientist warburg won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the function of respiratory enzymes.
Carl Felt, a Swedish writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poetry collection Song and Love in the Wasteland.
American Adams won the Nobel Peace Prize for fighting for the rights of women and black immigrants, and American Butler won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting international understanding.
1932 65438+February 10 The 32nd Nobel Prize was awarded.
Heisenberg, a German scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for proposing the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.
American scientist Langmuir won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for proposing and studying surface chemistry.
British scientist Adrian won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the function of neurons, and British scientist Sherrington won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the law of central nervous reflex activity.
John Galsworthy, an English writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novel The Forsytes.
1933 12 10 The 33rd Nobel Prize was awarded.
British scientist Dirac and Austrian scientist Schrodinger won the Nobel Prize in physics for establishing wave equations in quantum mechanics.
American scientist Morgan won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for establishing the theory of chromosome inheritance.
Soviet writer Puning won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Gentleman from San Francisco.
Angel, an Englishman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for demonstrating the absurdity that war will bring benefits to the country.
1934 12 10 The 34th Nobel Prize was awarded.
American scientist Yuri won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of heavy hydrogen.
American scientists Minot, Murphy and whipple won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering liver preparations for anemia.
Italian writer Pirandello won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his play Six Dramatists Looking for Authors.
Henderson, an Englishman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for his passion for arms reduction.
1935 12 10 The 35th Nobel Prize was awarded.
British scientist chadwick won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering neutrons.
French scientist Aurio Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for synthesizing artificial radioactive elements.
German scientist Spearman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the tissue effect of embryos.
German Auschwitz gene exposed Germany's secret rearmament and won the Nobel Peace Prize.
1936 12 10 The 36th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Austrian scientist Hess won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering cosmic radiation, and American scientist Andehring won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering positrons.
Debye, a Dutch scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on dipole moment and diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gas.
British scientist Dell and German scientist Craig Levein won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the chemical transmission of nerve impulses.
American writer O 'Neill won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his plays Beyond the Horizon and Desire under the Elms.
The Argentine Lama won the Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to ending the war between Bolivia and Paraguay.
1937 12 10 The 37th Nobel Prize was awarded.
American scientist Davidson and British scientist Thomson won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the diffraction phenomenon of electrons in crystals.
British scientist Hovaughn won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on carbohydrates and vitamins, Swiss scientist Kahler won the Nobel Prize for his research on carotene, flavin and vitamins, and Hungarian scientist Saint Gorgi won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of vitamin C. ..
French writer Martin Dugard won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel John Barova.
Cecil, an Englishman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for maintaining international peace.
1938 12 10 The 38th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Italian scientist Fermi won the Nobel Prize in physics for making artificial radioactive elements by neutron radiation.
German scientist Kuhn won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on carotenoids and vitamins. However, due to Nazi obstruction, he was forced to give up the award.
Belgian scientist hymans won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role of strong aortic sinus and aortic sinus in respiratory regulation.
American woman writer Pearl Buck won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novel The Good Earth.
Established in 193 1, Gaosen International Refugee Office won the Nobel Peace Prize.
1939 12 10 The 39th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Lawrence, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing the cyclotron.
German scientist Butenandt won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on sex hormones, and Swiss scientist Luzika won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on polymethylene and sex hormones. Butenandt was forced to give up accepting the prize because of Nazi obstruction.
German scientist Domagk won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the antibacterial effect of sulfanilamide, but he gave up because of Nazi obstruction.
Finnish writer Schlumberger won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel People on a Summer Night.
The Nobel Prize from 1940 to 1942 was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II.
1943 12 10 The 43rd Nobel Prize was awarded.
American scientist Stern won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing proton magnetic moment.
Hungarian scientist Hevesy won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for using isotopes as tracers in chemical research.
Danish scientist Damme won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering vitamin K, and American scientist Deus won the Nobel Prize for studying its chemical properties.
1944 12 10 The 44th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Rabbi, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
German scientist Hahn won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering the fission of heavy nuclei.
American scientists erlanger and Gasser won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the high functional differentiation of a single nerve fiber.
Danish writer Zhan Sen won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his historical novel Long Journey.
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize to the International Committee of the Red Cross for funding its work.
1945 12 10 The 45th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Austrian scientist Pauli won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the principle of quantum incompatibility.
Finnish scientist Virtanen won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing acidified storage of fresh feed.
British scientists Fleming, Flory and Qian En all won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering penicillin and its clinical effects.
Chilean writer mistral won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his achievements in Spanish poetry creation.
American Hull won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting the birth of the United Nations.
1946 12 10 The 46th Nobel Prize was awarded.
Bridgman, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize for Physics for his series of discoveries in the field of high-pressure physics.
American scientist sumner won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering the crystallization of enzyme, while American scientists Northrop and Stanley won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for producing the pure crystallization of enzyme and pathogen protein.
American scientist Mahler won the Nobel Prize for discovering the variation caused by X-ray irradiation.