Soil environmental pollution monitoring 1) distribution: grid method is generally used (many distribution points are evenly distributed) 2) sampling: diagonal sampling; Plum blossom sampling; Checkerboard sampling; Serpentine sampling and random sampling; Sector sampling 3) Sample preparation: air drying, impurity removal, grinding, passing through 10 mesh nylon sieve, grinding, passing through 100 mesh nylon sieve, and subpackaging for later use 4) Sample analysis: According to the selected analysis items and methods, what methods are generally used to analyze the prepared soil samples? A. Calculate the input of soil pollutants: the sum of the existing pollutants in the evaluation area and the newly added pollutants in the construction project; B, calculating the output of soil pollutants: the output with soil erosion; The output absorbed by crops; The output of c is lost with precipitation leaching; Calculate the residual rate of soil pollutants according to the output of degradation and transformation: calculate E through the simulation test of similar plots to predict the soil pollution trend: according to the comparison of pollutant input and output, or the product of input and residual rate, or the comparison of input and soil environmental capacity, explain the pollution situation, pollution degree, pollution accumulation and trend. 35. Mitigation measures for the impact of human activities on the ecological environment.
What did you give?
Principles for formulating mitigation measures: 1) When ecological factors such as rare and endangered species and sensitive areas are irreversibly affected, reliable protection measures and schemes must be put forward. 2) When biological species and sensitive areas need to be protected as much as possible, compensation measures must be formulated to protect them. 3) For the loss of natural resources with long regeneration period and slow recovery speed, compensation measures should be formulated. 4) The loss of resources with short regeneration period does not need to be formulated if the basic conditions for recovery have not been reversed. Ways to implement mitigation measures 1) Protection: implement the idea and policy of "putting prevention first", and preventive protection is the priority measure. 2) Restoration: After the event, the structure or environmental function of the ecosystem will be restored to a certain extent. 3) Compensation: Rebuilding an ecosystem to compensate for the environmental function lost due to development and construction activities. 4) Construction: Take measures to improve the regional ecological environment and build an ecosystem with higher environmental function. 36. What are the basic characteristics of the environment? (1) integrity and regional (1) environmental integrity, also known as environmental systematicness, refers to a system with specific structure and function composed of various environmental elements or components because of their mutually determined quantity and spatial position and specific interaction. This is the most basic feature of the environment. ② The regionality of environment refers to the regional differences of environmental characteristics. ② Variability and stability. ① The variability of the environment refers to the internal structure of the environment under the action of nature, human social behavior or both.
And the external state is constantly changing. (2) the stability of the environment means that the environmental system has a certain self-regulation function. When the change of environmental structure and state does not exceed a certain limit under the action of nature and human social behavior, the environment can be restored to the state before the change by virtue of its own adjustment function. ③ Resources and values of the environment, including immaterial and immaterial. (2) the environmental value, the environment is a resource, of course, there is value. 37. What is the importance of environmental impact assessment? A to ensure the rationality of site selection and layout of construction projects, b to guide the design of environmental protection measures, c to strengthen environmental management and provide guidance for regional social and economic development.
Promote the development of relevant environmental science and technology to D. Environmental impact assessment system is the legal basis and legal expression of environmental impact assessment. Therefore, it is of great significance. 38. Briefly describe the atmospheric environmental impact assessment 1 General situation of construction projects and contents of engineering analysis (1) General situation of construction projects: geographical location, construction scale, product structure, floor space, layout, number of employees, working system, etc. (2) Production process analysis: analyze and explain the production process, and comment on the technical performance of the technology and equipment used. Understand the pollution sources and emissions, prevention and control measures, etc. (3) Description of raw materials: quantity, specification, place of origin, mode of transportation, toxicity and harmfulness (4) Main pollutants and their discharge (5) Atmospheric environmental protection projects: planned prevention measures and their performance and reliability. If it is a reconstruction and expansion project, the situation of "bringing the old with the new" 2. General situation of the environment around the construction project: including natural environment, ecological environment, socio-economic environment, etc. 3. Analysis of meteorological conditions of boundary layer pollution. 5. Monitoring and evaluation of atmospheric environmental quality. Prediction and evaluation of atmospheric environmental impact. Profit and loss analysis of environmental economy. Evaluation conclusion and countermeasures. Briefly describe the basic assumptions of establishing S-P model. S-P model is the earliest and simplest coupling model to study the relationship between dissolved oxygen and BOD in rivers. Oxidation and reoxygenation are first-order reactions, and the reaction rate is constant. The net change of hypoxia is only a function of oxygen consumption of organic matter in water and reoxygenation of atmosphere through liquid-gas interface.