With the increase of age, the probability of human suffering from certain diseases is also increasing. Most of these diseases have no obvious symptoms in the early stage, but they often have serious consequences. Fortunately, if it can be found early and treated in time, the prognosis is often good. To this end, experts from Mayo Medical Center in the United States provide you with a list of regular health checks. It involves nine projects. This list will tell you when to do what.
1.* Check your teeth at least once a year from the age of one.
2.* Eyesight check: I have had my first eye check since I was three years old. Check it every 3-5 years as appropriate.
[14] * blood pressure check 10 years old, you should have your first blood pressure check, and then at least once every two years.
2.* Cervical smear If you are a female, have your first cervical smear at the age of 18 (or after sexual intercourse). Check every 1-3 years. After three consecutive negative results are obtained, the inspection interval can be extended.
Cholesterol check When you are 20 years old, you have your first blood cholesterol check, and then every five years.
Breast examination If you are a woman, at the age of 40, ask the doctor for the first breast examination.
* Prostate Examination If you are a male, you will have your first prostate examination at the age of 50. Note that some doctors want you to do it at the age of 40. 8.* Mammography If you are a woman, you will have your first mammography at the age of 50. Note that some doctors want you to do it at the age of 40.
I started my first colonoscopy at the age of 50, and then every 3-5 years.
(Expert advice): The incidence of colorectal cancer in Asians is low, but the incidence of gastric cancer is high, so gastroscopy should be changed.
How often do you go to the hospital for a health check-up and what items do you check? This should be treated differently from person to person. We should proceed from reality and make choices according to our age, gender, occupation, health status and family history.
Physical examination information system process [2]
Healthy young and middle-aged people:/kloc-check once every 0 ~ 2 years. The key items of check-up are heart, lung, liver, gallbladder, stomach and other important organs, as well as blood pressure. However, people who are in poor health, especially those who have a family history of genetic susceptibility diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, psychosis and tumor, should be examined at least once a year.
Middle-aged and elderly people: The body has entered an eventful autumn, and the prevalence rate of various diseases has increased significantly. Therefore, the interval between exams should be shortened to about half a year. Especially for the elderly over 60 years old, the interval should be about 3 ~ 4 months, and the examination items should be decided at the discretion of the doctor, but blood pressure, electrocardiogram, X-ray chest film and routine hematuria and stool should be checked every time. Because the incidence of diabetes has increased significantly in recent years, middle-aged and elderly people, especially those who are obese or have a history of hypertension and coronary heart disease, should check urine sugar and blood sugar. If conditions permit, it is best to have an examination by a fixed doctor every time, so as to comprehensively and systematically grasp the health status of the subjects and give health care guidance. Participants should prepare a physical examination manual (or one prepared by the hospital) and fill it out carefully every time.
Physical examination of the elderly
In addition to the above-mentioned examinations, married women should also have regular (every year 1 time) examinations of the uterus and breast, so as to find out more cervical cancer and breast cancer in women at an early stage. Employees who are in close contact with toxic and harmful substances should also carry out regular special inspections in order to find occupational diseases at an early stage.
Children: ① growth and development test. Including weighing, measuring height, measuring head circumference, etc. Children born within 6 months should be examined once a month; Children aged 6 months to 1 year should be examined every 2 months; 1 ~ 2 years old children should be examined every 3 months; Children aged 2-3 are examined once every six months; Children over 3 years old should be examined once a year. ② Blood test. Including blood routine, trace elements, blood lead and other tests. ③ Otolaryngology examination. Congenital language development disorder, hearing impairment, strabismus and other diseases need early examination, early detection and early treatment. ④ Examination of sexual organs. ⑤ Orthopedic examination.
If everyone can pay attention to this problem, they can consciously and actively go to the hospital for regular physical examination. It is believed that "healthy people go to the hospital" will soon become a fashion, which will significantly improve the early diagnosis rate and cure rate of various serious diseases.
Matters needing attention in physical examination
1. Electrocardiogram examination: Take a quiet rest for about 5 minutes before examination, and do not check after running, full meal, cold drink or smoking. These factors will lead to abnormal ECG, which will affect the diagnosis of diseases. Fasting should also be carried out on the day before the full meal test and the two-step exercise test.
Second, EEG examination: wash your hair 1 day before examination, and do not use hair oil. Sedatives, stimulants and other drugs acting on the nervous system should be stopped 24 hours before the examination, so as to avoid hallucinations during the examination and affect the judgment of the examination results. EEG examination must be carried out within 3 hours after meals. If you can't eat before the examination, you should follow the doctor's arrangement and take 50 grams of powdered sugar orally or 40 ml of 50% glucose intravenously to prevent hypoglycemia from affecting the examination results.
Third, thyroid iodine examination: the examination must be on an empty stomach. You should not take iodine-containing preparations or eat iodine-rich foods, such as kelp, jellyfish and laver, before the examination.
Fourth, renogram examination: urine must be emptied before examination, do not drink tea and coffee, and do not take diuretics.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy: 4 hours before fiberoptic bronchoscopy, fasting and water are forbidden to avoid vomiting caused by examination stimulation. Those who wear removable dentures must take them off before the examination to prevent them from falling off during the examination and mistakenly entering the trachea or esophagus. Fasting should be done 6 ~ 8 hours before gastroscopy to prevent vomiting during intubation from affecting the results of the examination, and emptying and defecation should be done before gastroscopy. Eat a small amount of residual diet 3 days before colonoscopy, take laxatives 1 day before colonoscopy, enema 3 hours before colonoscopy, and discharge feces in jejunum cavity.
Six, ct examination: before doing abdominal CT examination, be sure to fast water, so as not to form artifacts and affect the quality of CT images. The CT examination of other parts does not need fasting water.
Blood pressure check
Seven, selective angiocardiography: fasting 3 ~ 4 hours before examination. Seriously practice the actions that doctors need to do during the examination, such as inhaling and holding their breath, to cooperate with the examination.
Eight, cholangiography: when doing oral radiography, before the examination 1 day, eat a fat meal at noon to empty the bile in the gallbladder, and it is better to have oil-free and high-sugar food for dinner. Take contrast media according to the doctor's advice around 7 o'clock after dinner, and then fast. When doing venography, it is also before the examination 1 day. Eat fat meal at noon and fast on the morning of the examination. If there is acute inflammation, fever, abdominal pain, acute jaundice, etc. Don't do this check until you are well.
Nine, urography and male reproductive system: 1 The day before the examination, eat soft food for dinner, and then fast. 1 Take laxatives the day before the examination to remove the gas and feces in the intestinal cavity. Empty urine before examination.
X. female reproductive system radiography: before examination, urine and stool should be emptied, enema should be given to those with unsolved stool, pubic hair should be shaved and vagina should be cleaned.
XI。 Laboratory examination: When blood is drawn for biochemical index examination, blood should be drawn on an empty stomach before breakfast, so that the result is more accurate. In particular, the examination of liver function, blood sugar, blood lipids and other items, the requirements for fasting are more stringent.
12. Rest before 22 o'clock the day before physical examination, fast (including water), and go to the physical examination center at 8 o'clock-10 on an empty stomach.
Pay attention to nine points in physical examination:
First, please make an appointment for a physical examination; Avoid alcohol the day before physical examination, limit the high-fat and high-protein diet, and avoid using drugs that affect liver and kidney function.
Two, check the first three to five days diet should be light, do not eat blood food such as pig liver, pig blood, check the day before midnight, please completely fast (including drinking water).
Third, blood drawing and hepatobiliary ultrasound must be performed on an empty stomach; Do not urinate when doing B-ultrasound of bladder, prostate, uterus and appendix; If there is no urine, drink water until the bladder is full.
Four, do X-ray examination, should wear cotton underwear, do not wear clothes with metal buttons, bra; Please take off your necklace, mobile phone, pen, keys and other metal objects. Female candidates who are pregnant or may be pregnant, please inform the health examination service staff first and have a careful X-ray examination.
5. Female physiological period, not suitable for gynecological examination and urine test; Empty the bladder before gynecological examination; It is best to choose breast far-infrared reexamination within one week after the physiological period. Unmarried women should not have gynecological examination, and those with special needs need to sign relevant agreements (notices) before they can have corresponding examination.
6. Please take your blood pressure, height and weight before the physical examination.
Seven, check the blood, abdominal ultrasound examination on the same day, before eating.
physical examination
8. Dress requirements on the day of physical examination: wear convenient clothes, shoes and socks, and it is best not to wear necklaces. Lesbian bras should not be supported by strip steel and should not wear sequined underwear.
Nine, when there is a thermal imaging project in the physical examination, you must empty your stool and urine before the examination, and you must also fast and drink water.