Different from physiological diseases, psychological problems are people's internal mental factors, specifically a series of problems caused by the central nervous system of the brain, which will indirectly change people's personality, world outlook and mood. The following are the main psychological problems and countermeasures I have sorted out for the current higher vocational students.
The main psychological problems faced by higher vocational students at present and the countermeasures 1 Higher vocational and technical education is a new thing in the reform and development of higher education in China. Students in this group come from all walks of life, including high school graduates and underage junior high school students. They not only have the characteristics of ordinary college students, but also have their unique psychological characteristics because of the different training objectives and training methods. Higher vocational education to cultivate high-level, highly skilled, operational and applied talents should not only lay a solid foundation, broaden majors and improve skills, but also pay attention to the cultivation of non-intellectual factors, among which mental health is an important issue related to the quality of talents. At present, under the environment of social transformation, traditional ideas, historical details, ethics and values have all suffered unprecedented impacts, and adults will still feel psychologically lost, not to mention that teenagers are in the stage of physical and mental development, which is more affected. Relevant data show that in the increasingly complex growth environment, the negative impact on teenagers is increasing, psychological problems are constantly appearing, and the level of mental health is gradually declining. According to relevant surveys and statistical data, about 30% of higher vocational students have different degrees of psychological problems. Analyzing the psychological problems of vocational college students and studying educational countermeasures are beneficial to the development of psychological health education for vocational college students.
First, the main psychological problems of vocational college students
1. Inferiority. Compared with ordinary college students, students' inferiority complex in higher vocational colleges is more serious. In recent years, due to the unilateral pursuit of higher education by employers in society, higher vocational students are at a disadvantage compared with ordinary college students, and many higher vocational students feel that they are "informal" college students. Many students said that they felt particularly inferior when they saw the words printed on the cover of higher vocational textbooks, and they felt humiliated when they told others that they were studying in vocational and technical colleges. Although higher vocational education has developed rapidly in recent years, it has attracted more and more attention from the society. However, due to the influence of traditional ideas and subject-based education, as well as the reality of low admission scores in higher vocational colleges, vocational students generally have an inferiority complex when they enter school, thinking that they have poor foundation and low IQ, always feel inferior and have a heavy psychological burden. Some parents of higher vocational students are even more dissatisfied with their children attending higher vocational colleges, resulting in inferiority complex, which further aggravates the inferiority complex of higher vocational students.
2. Tired of learning. The survey results show that the proportion of students in higher vocational colleges who are "tired of learning" or "tired of learning" has reached 60%, especially the phenomenon of learning weariness. Not only are they unwilling to study in theoretical classes, but quite a few students have lost interest in some lively lectures and practical classes. Most students lack long-term learning goals and utilitarian behavior prevails. Although many students have certain ideal goals, due to the lack of corresponding perseverance, they are rarely able to firm their own direction of efforts and their learning motivation is short-sighted. There are also a large number of higher vocational students who feel sad about exam-oriented education. Because of their poor study habits or different hobbies, these students failed in the entrance examination of each academic period, which made them lose interest in learning and produced a kind of "broken jar and broken fall" psychology. Due to poor cultural foundation and poor learning ability, many students, after entering higher vocational colleges, are unable to understand in class, unable to study independently after class, and the exam is red, unable to adapt to the characteristics of higher vocational education, such as practicality, practicality, extensiveness, professionalism, autonomy and innovation, and have blind learning, resulting in weariness.
3. Occupational anxiety. With the popularization of higher education in China, the employment situation of college graduates is becoming more and more severe, and the biggest psychological pressure gauge for higher vocational students is now employment; As graduation approaches, many students even feel psychological panic, and most students have insufficient confidence in finding satisfactory jobs in the future; The reason is that many students have not adapted to the current employment mode of market regulation, two-way choice and self-employment. Coupled with the continuous enrollment expansion of colleges and universities for many years, higher vocational graduates who have no advantages at all are even more difficult, feeling that their personal future is slim and their confidence is lost. Their psychological problems in choosing jobs are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, their roles in choosing jobs are misplaced, and they do not actively adapt to the needs of employers, but expect too much from employers and salaries; Second, the values of choosing a job are vague, and they have a strong desire to realize self-worth, but they lack mental preparation for hard work, and they are even more unwilling to combine self-worth with social value; Third, the mentality of choosing a job is unbalanced, and employment is impatient and blind. The idea of following the trend is serious and lacks personal opinions. A few students are at a loss and nervous in the face of the complicated and changeable social environment and severe and fierce market competition, especially the employment situation in which the graduating senior students hit a wall everywhere in the job search process. In the long run, there will be anxiety complications such as nervousness, insomnia, chest tightness and rapid heartbeat. 4. Distorted psychology in interpersonal communication. Interpersonal relationship refers to the interactive process of communication, exchange, expression of emotion and coordination between students and others. Higher vocational college students who are in the late adolescence have strong self-esteem and competitiveness, and they have a special sense of superiority of the only child, which makes them very sensitive to interpersonal relationships and have strong self-esteem. Research shows that 30% of vocational college students have certain psychological obstacles in communication, often lack self-confidence, are too cautious, are timid in communication, and have serious psychological depression, and are afraid to open their hearts and pour out their thoughts in communication with teachers and classmates. Due to inferiority and lack of self-confidence, some students have a narrow communication range and cannot give full play to their abilities in communication; Some students attribute the failure of communication to personal ability, personality, luck and depression, so they are unwilling to communicate with others; There are also some students who are too self-respecting, pay great attention to the impression they leave on others, and often cover up their own shortcomings and deficiencies. As a result, the communication failed again
Second, the basic countermeasures to solve the psychological problems of higher vocational students
1. Set up compulsory courses of mental health education and carry out relevant theoretical research. The international educational circles believe that mental health education is one of the two major tasks as important as professional teaching. According to the age characteristics and psychological needs of students, this paper introduces common sense, self-training methods and self-care knowledge closely related to the development of mental health, so as to help students better understand and grasp their own psychology and consciously maintain and improve their mental health. The course of mental health education for college students should be included in the teaching plan of higher vocational colleges. Pass relevant knowledge to students in the form of teaching through classroom, so as to enhance students' awareness of self-care. At present, in order to cope with the inspection of the education department, some higher vocational colleges only offer college students' mental health education elective courses in a few classes, which can not guarantee the classroom coverage of mental health education, and many students are rejected by mental health education. In fact, college students' mental health education should become a compulsory course, and its forms can be diversified, such as college students' physical and mental health care, college students' sex education, practical psychology of life, and college students' psychology of becoming talents. In the above-mentioned teaching, we should flexibly carry out various teaching methods, make full use of discussion, debate, consultation and other forms, systematically expound relevant theories, integrate theory with practice, and enable students to master some basic principles and methods, learn to master themselves, correctly handle psychological problems in the process of study, life and interpersonal communication, and grow up happily. While doing a good job in the teaching of mental health courses, higher vocational colleges can focus on some problems existing among students in contemporary higher vocational colleges, such as the mental health standards of higher vocational students, the evaluation of psychological counseling effect, and the mental health of the only child. Through these studies, we can provide scientific theoretical guidance for the practice of mental health education and psychological counseling.
2. Carry out psychological counseling. Psychological consultation is a scientific method to solve psychological obstacles face to face. Through communication, discussion, explanation and consultation with visiting students, we can exert psychological influence on students, change their cognition, emotion, attitude and behavior, promote their mental health, improve their adaptability to life and help them realize self-help. Psychological counseling allows students to look at themselves and society from different angles, experience and express their thoughts and feelings in new ways, produce new ways of thinking and realize psychological relaxation. Because psychological counseling can help vocational college students realize effective adjustment, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, improve their psychological quality, and contribute to the healthy growth and personality improvement of vocational college students. At present, some higher vocational colleges do not have special psychological counseling rooms, and some schools have unprofessional psychological counselors. They just got the junior qualification certificate halfway, and then they went to their posts. Without the relevant psychological knowledge system, they can't adapt to the needs of work well. In addition, psychological counselors in some schools have heavy burdens and miscellaneous jobs. In addition to students' psychological counseling, we have to take care of many other jobs, which gives students the feeling that they are not professional enough and have lost the minimum trust in psychological counseling teachers.
3. Carry out adaptive education for higher vocational students in social practice. Practice is a big classroom for college students to grow into useful people, and psychological adjustment ability is mainly cultivated in social practice. Schools should create more opportunities for social practice, let students participate in social practice thoroughly, increase their knowledge and talents in practice, and enhance their ability to resist risks and emergencies, which is very important for college students to adjust their psychology in time, especially in higher vocational colleges, whose diplomas are lower than those of other universities. At the same time, in order to achieve the goal of zero-distance employment after graduation, it is more necessary to provide students with more internship opportunities to exercise their hands-on operation ability, interpersonal coordination ability and practical ability of grassroots work. At present, many of our students are psychologically fragile and can't stand the storm. The main reason is that they rarely go out of the circle of family and school, and they don't go out to the society to be tempered by practice.
4. Strengthen publicity and actively create a campus environment conducive to students' mental health. Higher vocational colleges should attach importance to the construction of campus environment (including campus material environment, spiritual environment and institutional environment, etc.). Strive to create a psychological environment conducive to the healthy growth of students' psychology. First, do a good job in purifying, greening, beautifying and lighting the campus physical environment, and create a pleasing, relaxed and pleasant intuitive feeling. Secondly, vigorously carry out colorful and positive academic, scientific, cultural, artistic, sports and entertainment activities, so that students can improve their thinking and hone their will in a healthy, lively and positive atmosphere. Minimize the sense of psychological crisis; thirdly, strengthen the construction of school spirit, study style and class spirit. Adhere to the rule of law and standardize management, and form a school spirit of unity, truth-seeking, civilized innovation and a diligent, knowledgeable and flexible style of study. Strengthen the construction of class spirit, strictly observe class discipline, optimize interpersonal relationship, enhance cohesion, improve sense of honor, and build the class into a warm collective with mutual respect, mutual concern, mutual understanding, harmonious relationship and vitality, so as to promote students' physical and mental health. Finally, strengthen the construction of propaganda and public opinion positions and open a website for mental health education. Make use of the publicity column, blackboard newspaper and mental health propaganda newspapers and periodicals in the school to publicize mental health knowledge and discuss related hot issues, and form an atmosphere of "everyone cares about health and everyone maintains health" on campus. Set up a mental health education website, set up publicity fields, psychological tests, emotional world, social skills, online consultation, theoretical research and other columns, make full use of the advantages of campus network coverage and novel content, publicize and popularize mental health knowledge, and provide online psychological consultation services.
5. Constantly improve the guarantee mechanism of mental health education for higher vocational students. Strengthening and improving students' mental health education in higher vocational colleges needs an effective guarantee mechanism. At present, some higher vocational colleges, first, leaders do not attach importance to it, and emphasize psychological counseling purely for completing tasks, and do not regard psychological counseling as a realistic need, so it is difficult to carry out their work; Second, some higher vocational colleges have not allocated special funds for mental health education. The funds are not implemented. This work is difficult to carry out. In order to ensure the necessary working conditions of mental health education for higher vocational students and ensure the smooth development of the work, higher vocational colleges should timely allocate special funds for mental health education in accordance with the proportion stipulated by the education administrative department: it is not only a simple workshop for students' mental health education in form, but also a small number of staff, and the hardware construction of mental health education should be included in the school teaching equipment management system and given priority.
Main Psychological Problems Faced by Higher Vocational College Students and Countermeasures 2 1 Psychological Problems Caused by Learning
Students who can be admitted to universities are often among the best in middle schools. However, when they entered the university campus, they found that there were many talents, excellent grades, good eloquence and versatility. When they are in it, they find that they are not good at all. At this time, some students will laugh at themselves and feel depressed, which will inevitably lead to a sense of loss and inferiority. Moreover, the study in college is completely different from that in high school. The tasks, contents and methods of learning have changed. In middle school, teachers help students every day. In universities, there are higher requirements for students' self-study ability and independent thinking ability. From "I want to learn" to "I want to learn", college students, especially freshmen, often do not adapt to this changed learning situation. They will not arrange free college time, which hinders their adaptation to learning. Once the exam is not ideal,
2 psychological problems caused by interpersonal communication
After entering the university, students from all over the country gathered into a social group. Because of their different living habits, personalities, interests, and many activities in colleges and universities, the requirements for interpersonal skills are higher than those of pure learning high schools. This often makes some students unable to adapt to this complex interpersonal relationship, which is easy to cause imbalance in interpersonal relationship, which will bring them trouble, resulting in loneliness, worry, fear, inferiority and other bad emotions. According to the author's investigation, with the improvement of economic conditions, many students have bought computers. Because of the convenience of the network, they can surf the Internet without leaving home. In addition, there are many online entertainment and leisure projects. Many students spend most of their time surfing the Internet. They often hear typing in the dormitory, but rarely have face-to-face communication. There is also the upgrading of mobile phones and networks, and more and more "low-headed people" spend more time at their fingertips. "Ring the bell in and out of the classroom, the dormitory is silent, and the online appeal comes from the heart." This jingle actually reflects the communication status of quite a few college students, who prefer to chat with strangers online rather than communicate with classmates around them. Therefore, interpersonal relationship has become an important factor affecting college students' mental health.
3 emotional and psychological problems
College students' falling in love is not a new topic in colleges and universities. Since entering the school, there have been many college students in pairs. Let's not talk about their original intention of falling in love. Because of their young age, most college students' love values and psychological development are not fully mature, so they can't treat their feelings well. They often see everything beautifully with the impulse of adolescence. Once they encounter problems, they are often unprepared and unbearable. However, lovelorn brings more psychological problems. After being lovelorn, people are immersed in painful emotions, unable to extricate themselves, neglecting their studies, feeling depressed and prone to serious psychological problems such as depression.
4 psychological problems caused by employment
In recent years, due to the continuous expansion of enrollment scale, the number of college graduates is also increasing, and the structural adjustment of most enterprises and institutions has brought great difficulties to college students' employment. Fierce employment competition frustrated some graduates, resulting in anxiety, resentment, irritability and other negative emotions, which in turn led to psychological barriers. This kind of mood will also affect freshmen, which will make them feel afraid of early employment and have the idea that learning has no future. In addition, during school, some students' majors, interests, employment purposes and personality characteristics conflict, which easily leads to ambivalence.
5, neurosis problem
Long-term sleep difficulties, anxiety, depression, compulsion, hypochondriasis and phobia are all clinical symptoms of neurosis. The seventh problem is the psychological problem of deviating from the normal state, which requires professional psychological consultation or psychotherapy. For most students, they often encounter the first six kinds of psychological troubles, which are mainly caused by many realistic social and psychological factors and are often temporary. After your own active adjustment or seeking the help of a consulting teacher, you can restore your psychological balance and adaptation.
6. Love and sexual psychological problems
College students are in the middle and late adolescence, and sexual maturity is an important feature. Love and sexual problems are inevitable. Generally, it includes: unrequited love, frustration in love, the relationship between love and school, revenge for emotional breakdown, etc. The common sexual psychological problems include fear, anxiety and worry caused by premarital sex and campus cohabitation.
How to face your own "psychological problems"
1, face it frankly
Mental health and physical health are the same. People will inevitably have such and such problems in their lives. Psychological confusion is just a normal state of growth. Without problems, there will be no growth, so there is no need to make a fuss and complain.
2. Don't rush to "diagnose"
Psychological problems themselves are varied, and the causes are often complicated. Don't blindly take some books out of context, or listen to hearsay, and be eager to "sit in the right place" to determine what disease you have. It is of course necessary to find out the problems, but most of the problems of college students are developmental, and many of them are "growing pains". There's really no need to scare yourself.
Step 3 divert attention
Psychological problems often have such a characteristic, that is, the more attention is paid, the more serious it becomes. Therefore, don't always stare at your so-called problems, don't pay too much attention to yourself, and turn your attention to all aspects of study, life and work. It is very beneficial to mental health to have something you are interested in and devote yourself to it.
4, adjust the law of life
Many times, as long as you adjust your accustomed life rules slightly, it will bring a brand-new feeling to your whole mental outlook. The so-called psychological problems are also easily solved.
5. Don't be afraid of psychological counseling.
For serious and difficult psychological problems, you can also seek expert advice and help from mental health institutions.
The main psychological problems faced by higher vocational students at present and the countermeasures 3. The university stage is a critical period for a person's physical and mental growth and development. For a long time, the financial assistance for poor college students has been the focus of social attention. In fact, the "spiritual help" of some college students can not be ignored. A survey by the research group of psychological quality education for college students in Beijing shows that 16.5% of college students in Beijing have moderate or above mental health problems, among which girls are worse than boys, juniors are worse than seniors, rural students are worse than urban students, and students in remote mountainous areas have the highest proportion of mental health problems, accounting for 19%.
Where does the psychological confusion of college students come from? Generally speaking, it is a "high" and a "low": high, college students are a group bearing high expectations of society and parents, and their desire for self-development is very strong; Low, its psychological development is not yet mature, lack of social experience, poor adaptability. It is this contradiction between desire and impossibility that causes the psychological problems of college students. Specifically, I think it can be considered from three aspects.
The influence of family education
1. Improper education and raising methods. For a long time, under the baton of college entrance examination, schools and parents often adopt the method of exam-oriented education in the process of educating students, focusing only on intellectual education, without infiltrating the cultivation of students' psychological quality and ignoring the cultivation of students' healthy personality. At the same time, a considerable number of parents adopt simple and rude traditional paternalistic means because of their low educational level. This negative parenting style is easy to make children form sensitive, suspicious, inferior, irritable, depressed, anxious, paranoid, hostile and other unhealthy qualities. In a word, there is a positive correlation between college students' mental health level and schools, parents' educational concepts and family rearing patterns.
2. Neglect the family education of college students. Quite a few parents pay more attention to providing financial support for their children after they are admitted to college, and pay less attention to their psychological growth. Family education is a continuous process. Family education in colleges and universities is the continuation of family education in previous stages, but it has its particularity, which is mainly reflected in the fact that family education for college students is mainly non-intellectual education, and its content is to cultivate comprehensive quality in cooperation with schools and society. This requires parents to constantly learn new educational concepts, understand the psychological characteristics of college students, and do a good job in regulating and guiding their psychological pressure.
The influence of social reality
The fierce competition in the market economy has not only promoted the rapid development of all aspects of society, but also triggered a series of social problems. The intense pace of life and great work pressure make people feel depressed and tired. Reform and opening up provide good opportunities for college students, but a series of social unhealthy phenomena have also caused many psychological contradictions of college students, and even personally felt the pain of social transformation, which made college students' personality weaknesses appear and formed psychological diseases.
People's psychological quality is gradually formed and developed with their growth. Because we neglected the cultivation and training of teenagers' psychological quality in the past, it is particularly important to strengthen psychological quality education in higher education. Only by improving their psychological quality can college students face up to social unhealthy phenomena, turn pressure into motivation and better strive for and grasp social opportunities.
Lack of psychological counseling in colleges and universities
School education plays an important role in the formation of personality. College students in adolescence tend to mature physically and mentally, but they have not yet formed a completely healthy personality. Judging from the psychological confusion of college students, many of them are caused by personality disorder. However, it is reported that the psychological counseling center of Peking University Hospital has to consult every Monday to Friday afternoon, and the patients who have made an appointment for treatment have been scheduled for two months; Up to now, 52.2% of colleges and universities in Beijing have not set up psychological counseling institutions or specially trained psychological counseling teachers, and many psychological problems of students are still confused with general ideological problems and given unscientific teaching.
In view of the current situation, colleges and universities should gradually improve their work in two aspects: first, establish professional teams and strengthen psychological counseling functions. Psychological counseling is a highly professional job, and people without professional training are prone to deviation in guiding methods, so it is time for colleges and universities to form a qualified psychological counseling team. Secondly, psychological education should be curriculum-based and multi-channel. At the university stage, most students only encounter some common psychological problems, and it is far better to take the road of prevention for common psychological problems than to "mend it after it is too late". Schools should offer relevant courses according to students' mental health status, and popularize mental health knowledge through school magazines, school radio stations, campus networks and other carriers, so that college students can learn to adjust themselves psychologically, eliminate psychological confusion and improve their ability to bear and cope with setbacks.
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