With the rapid development of social economy, industry has brought people economic development and improved people's living standards. However, it also brings troubles to people, such as industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue, which brings harm to people. Therefore, landscaping suddenly shows its importance. The role of landscaping in factories and mines. Garden green space in factories and mines belongs to special green space and is an important part of urban garden green space. It has many functions and benefits. To sum up, it can be divided into three aspects: environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits. (1) Environmental benefit 1, air purification: (1) Maintain the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air. Usually, the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 0.03%, but it is as high as 0.05% ~ 0.07% in cities, factories and mines. In the process of photosynthesis, green plants will absorb a lot of carbon dioxide and release O2. (2) Absorb harmful gases. There are many harmful gases in industrial and mining enterprises that pollute the air. The main gases are sulfur dioxide, acid mist, chlorine, hydrogen fluoride, phenol, ammonia and lead-mercury vapor. Although these gases are harmful to plant growth, many plant species can also absorb them and purify them at a certain concentration. (3) Vacuum: The environment of factories and mines often contains a lot of dust, lampblack and carbon powder, which seriously endangers workers' health. At the same time, the product quality of semiconductor components and precision instruments is also affected. Dense branches and leaves of trees can reduce wind speed, thus reducing dust. (4) Reduce the bacterial content in the air: Because greening plants can retain dust and reduce bacteria attached to dust, plants will also secrete volatile substances, which have the ability of sterilization and bacteriostasis. (5) Reduce radioactive substances in the air. Greening plants can block and absorb radioactive substances and rays. 2. Purifying water quality Greening plants can absorb sulfide, ammonia, phosphate, organic chlorine, suspended solids and organic compounds in sewage. It can reduce the bacterial content in sewage and play a role in purifying sewage. 3. Noise reduction: The forest belt composed of green trees, especially the broad-leaved forest belt with large width and high density, has good greening and noise reduction effect. 4. Regulating microclimate: (1) Cooling and humidifying: Greening plants can absorb a lot of solar radiation heat, and transpiration of leaves can reduce temperature and increase air humidity. (2) weaken the urban "heat island effect". It is observed that when the green coverage rate reaches 40%, the temperature will drop by 10%. (3) Increase air circulation: In the hot summer, in the garden green space, there are temperature differences and air pressure differences between trees and building surfaces and asphalt pavement, which can form air circulation, generate breeze and bring coolness to people. (4) Reduce the wind speed: the windbreak forest penetrating through the wooden well can offset a lot of wind energy, thus reducing the wind speed and changing the harmful 6-level wind into 5-level wind. 5. Soil and water conservation: the branches and crowns of green plants can cover the ground and reduce ground dust. The branches and leaves of green plants can buffer the impact of raindrops on the ground and reduce the erosion and surface runoff on the ground. 6. Monitoring environmental pollution: When the environment is polluted, sensitive plants will have obvious symptoms. According to this symptom and its grade, the type and degree of environmental pollution can be identified. This plant is called "environmental pollution indicator plant". (ii) Social welfare 1. Beautify the factory capacity and improve the appearance of industrial and mining enterprises. While doing ordinary greening, enterprises are lush, beautiful, clean and comfortable, and the production efficiency is improved, which is conducive to safe production and labor protection and reduces accidents. 2. Improving the health of garden plants and green space systems can purify the air, reduce noise, adjust the microclimate, beautify the environment and help workers improve their health. Green plants and various fountains can produce rich negative oxygen ions, regulate people's nervous system, improve myocardial function, improve human immunity, delay aging and prolong life. 3, disaster prevention and fire prevention Many garden trees are not easy to burn. For example, coral trees, even if all the leaves are burned out, will not have a flame. For example, Cinnamomum camphora, Pittosporum, Camellia sinensis, Dendrocalamus giganteus, Platanus acerifolia, Liquidambar formosana and Quercus variabilis are all good fire-proof tree species, and the green belt composed of these tree species can effectively prevent the fire from spreading and isolate sparks from flying. Green space is also a place for disaster prevention and refuge. For example, 1976 Tangshan earthquake's garden green space has become a place to evacuate a large number of residents. 4. Conducive to the spiritual civilization construction of industrial and mining enterprises: a beautiful garden environment can cultivate employees' aesthetic sentiment. It also increases the visibility of the company, and employees have a sense of pride and honor. Increasing the cohesion of enterprises is conducive to the prosperity of enterprises. (3) Economic benefit 1, directly creating material wealth: (1) Garden trees get a certain amount of wood. (2) Develop some economic tree species such as osmanthus fragrans, jasmine, Ligustrum lucidum, Eucommia ulmoides, Ginkgo biloba, Lycium barbarum and other medicinal materials, spices, oils and so on. Agricultural and sideline products include lotus root, water chestnut and palm, sisal and other fibers. (3) Appropriately increase the number of plant materials such as trees, flowers and lawns, and sell potted flowers, grass flowers, turf, fresh cut flowers, flower seeds and grass seeds for the rest of the seedlings. 2. Indirect economic benefits: (1) factories and mines can adjust the microclimate around the workshop, reduce dust and improve air quality. For example, workshops with special requirements for production environment in cotton mills and semiconductor device factories play an important role in improving product quality and ensuring smooth production. (2) Take advantage of some beautiful industrial and mining gardens in visiting workshops and enterprises to carry out "industrial viewing" activities. (3) Landscaping beautifies the factory environment and improves the corporate image and investment environment, which is conducive to attracting foreign investment and improving economic benefits. Second, the characteristics of landscaping in factories and mines 1. Characteristics of site conditions 1 Green space is subordinate to production: the greening of factories and mines must ensure the safe and smooth production, the normal operation of raw materials and products and the smooth flow of various pipelines. Therefore, the above requirements must be considered and observed in greening planning and planting maintenance. 2. Insufficient green space: the green space in the factory area is generally tight, the production scale is gradually expanded, the production technology is constantly updated, and the production equipment is increasing year by year, so the green space area will not be too large and it is difficult to control. In addition, the enterprise reserves a part for the development construction of open space in stages, and the variety is temporary planting or used to cultivate green seedlings, which is not suitable for long-term and permanent greening construction. 3. Poor site conditions for greening: (1) According to the national land policy, industrial and mining enterprises generally do not occupy agricultural land, so the land used for greening enterprises is relatively poor, mixed with industrial waste, and some green spaces are polluted and eroded. (2) Dense and tall industrial buildings form a shady area on the north side, which weakens the light in other directions and limits the choice of plants. (3) In the production area, various pipelines crisscross the ground and underground, which reduces the planting area and depth of plants and seriously restricts the selection of tree species. (4) In the heavily polluted production area, there are accumulated traces of "three wastes" pollution, which is harmful to most plants. (5) In some metallurgical plants, hauling hot metal, steel ingots and hot slag trains will seriously damage the plants on both sides of the railway, so it is necessary to keep a safe distance when greening and take measures to cool down by spraying water. (6) Various mine dumps and tailings dams have problems of poor soil quality, deep soil layer, many rocks and difficult soil and water conservation. Therefore, effective measures should be supplemented in greening planning to overcome the main contradictions, select pioneer tree species according to local conditions, establish corresponding artificial communities, and form a good ecological environment. (7) Damaged green space: In the process of industrial and mining production, equipment is often overhauled or overhauled, and green space is often impacted and destroyed by the above factors. Greening transplanting or cutting, replanting and restoring after completion. Second, the use of functional features 1, industrial and mining enterprise entrance: generally there are squares and open spaces of different sizes, and usually the office reception field can also be here, where the garden green space is beautifully arranged, reflecting the corporate culture. The main function is to gather people, manage people's offices, receive guests and organize meetings. 2. Around industrial and mining enterprises, public welfare facilities (such as canteens, auditoriums, theaters) buildings and road sites, in addition to exquisite greening and beautification, certain rest facilities such as chairs, flower stands and green corridors should be set up. For people to gather and distribute, enjoy the cool and rest.
3. The layout of the garden green space around the production workshop should be concise and lively, and there should be certain chairs and hard-paved activity places for nearby employees to do exercises in the workshop, as well as short rest and entertainment activities during and after work. 4, in the main road on both sides of the layout of small garden, small garden for workers to rest after work, can set up billboards popular science garden, publicity and education for workers. 5. Conditional factories and mines can build large-scale leisure green spaces and special gardens, and arrange flower beds, flower stands, water bodies, sculptures and small garden buildings. , for employees to rest on holidays and large-scale collective cultural and entertainment activities, to receive domestic and foreign guests, and to provide cultural and artistic activities, walks and heart-to-heart talks for teenagers. 6. Around the workshop with serious noise, a shelter forest should be set between the factory and the living area to reduce the harm of noise and harmful gases to people. Three. Characteristics of the overall planning of factories and mines (1) Basic principles of the overall planning: 1. To arrange greening, we must first ensure production safety, convenient transportation of raw materials and products, and smooth operation of each camp. 2. Garden green space should be composed of road greening and shelterbelt in series, forming point, line and surface landscaping, forming a beautiful and clean green environment with trees, flowers and flowers. (2) The principle of overall planning and layout: 1. Conditional industrial and mining enterprises can build recreational green spaces of different scales in addition to the greening of factories, roads and shelterbelts in front of factories. 2. Units with tight land use should be inserted into the green gap, and the land, walls, pipes, supports and flat roofs in Hanxing should be used for vertical and roof greening. 3. The greening layout in front of the factory should be coordinated with the overall urban environment and the architectural style of the enterprise. 4. The green layout of the production area is even and reasonable, so that the post workers can enjoy the garden efficiency, eliminate fatigue and carry out production in full spirit. Iv. Selection of greening tree species in factories and mines (1) Tree species selection principle: 1. It is necessary to pay attention to the selection of native tree species with strong adaptability, and introduce and domesticate exotic tree species. If the test is successful, it will be widely used. 2. Choose tree species with strong resilience, such as acid resistance, alkali resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, sandy soil, soil hardening, dust, waste water, waste residue and harmful gases. 3. Choose tree species from the ecological point of view, and create a suitable living environment by using the relationship between plant communities. Such as multi-stage mixture. (2) Proportion of various tree species:1; The proportion of trees and shrubs: general trees account for more than 70%, and shrubs account for less than 30%. 2. The ratio of evergreen trees to deciduous trees: Generally, deciduous trees in the south account for about 40%, evergreen trees account for about 60%, deciduous trees in the north account for about 65%, and evergreen trees account for about 35%. In a word, landscaping is indispensable in cities, especially in industrial areas. We should take practical actions to make our society more harmonious, make our life better, and let everyone have a healthy and strong body (transferred from "Garden Learning Network"/thread-165-1.html).