Among the four pests, several cockroaches are the most harmful to human health. They have become the origin and spread of many diseases. Cockroaches carry the most pathogens, including more than 40 pathogens such as Yersinia pestis, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, poliovirus and aflatoxin, and their secretions and feces also contain a variety of carcinogens. In addition, it also secretes an oily substance with a special smell, which will leave odor and various pathogens when crawling on food, tableware and daily utensils.
This cockroach, the first of the "new four pests", not only spreads diseases such as hepatitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, intestinal diseases and gastritis, but also carries more than 40 kinds of bacteria. Cockroaches can carry many kinds of eggs, such as roundworms, hookworms, beef tapeworms, roundworms and whipworms. They can also be used as intermediate hosts for many nematodes, such as Echinococcus moniliforme, Hymenolepis brevis and nematodes. Blattella germanica is also the main inducing factor of human asthma and allergy, and cockroaches are the chief culprit of many infectious diseases. The ability to spread diseases is very strong. To sum up, cockroaches are harmful to human health. It mainly spreads pathogens by polluting food and utensils. There are four kinds of pathogens carried on its body surface and digestive tract: ① Bacteria, mainly Shigella, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, typhoid and paratyphoid, Vibrio cholerae, tuberculosis, leprosy and anthrax.
② Protozoa and parasites, such as amoeba cysts, ascaris eggs, whipworm eggs, tapeworm eggs, hookworm eggs and pinworm eggs.
(3) virus. It is reported that it can carry Coxsackie virus and polio virus. Some people suspect that it is the main vector of viral hepatitis.
④ Fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus.
Tens of thousands of bacteria can be isolated from the tentacles, feet and digestive tract of a cockroach. Many bacteria can be preserved in the digestive tract of cockroaches for several days to dozens of days. When people come into contact with the secretion, excrement, vomit and pathogenic bacteria on the body surface of cockroaches, they will have allergic reactions and cause allergic dermatitis or rhinitis. At present, most urban residents are troubled by cockroaches. This small animal, which is good at flying, drilling, crawling and fast, has amazing fertility. Even if you only find two cockroaches at home, it will breed countless offspring in a short time. Its diet is extremely diverse, and any organic matter, including food that people can eat and filth that people can't eat, is delicious. If the cockroach population is not controlled in time and effectively, it will have very serious consequences.
In addition, cockroaches can also be artificially infected with bacteria that cause cholera, pneumonia, diphtheria, gangrene, anthrax and tuberculosis in Asia.
Cockroaches can carry many kinds of eggs, such as roundworms, hookworms, beef tapeworms, roundworms and whipworms. They can also be used as intermediate hosts for Echinococcus moniliforme, Hymenolepis brevis, tumor ducts and other nematodes.
Cockroaches can also carry many kinds of protozoa, among which four kinds of protozoa are pathogenic to humans or animals, such as amebic dysentery and Giardia.
Experimental studies have confirmed that cockroaches can carry, preserve and excrete viruses, including Coxsackie virus and poliovirus.
Cockroaches can also carry fungi. In Nanjing and Nantong, Jiangsu Province, a variety of fungi, including a large number of Aspergillus flavus, were also isolated from cockroaches caught indoors in China.
Although cockroaches carry a variety of pathogens, it is generally believed that pathogens cannot reproduce in their bodies and belong to mechanical transmission media. However, due to their wide invasion range and miscellaneous eating habits, they can move in garbage, toilets, bathrooms and other places, and can also eat food, so they can not be ignored in causing intestinal diseases and the spread of parasitic eggs. In addition, cases of allergic reactions caused by cockroach body fluids and feces have also been reported.
Moreover, products from factories, goods in shops and food at home may all cause economic losses because of cockroaches' biting. Occasionally, there will be communication equipment and computer failures caused by cockroaches, which will lead to accidents. Some people abroad call cockroaches "computer pests".
The seasonal fluctuation of cockroaches in different areas is slightly different. Periplaneta fuliginosa is the dominant population in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Activities began in mid-April, and with the temperature rising month by month, activities increased and the density increased obviously. July-September is the peak of activity and August is the peak of density. From June 65438+ 10, the activity weakened with the decrease of temperature, and the wintering period was from June 65438+February to March of the following year. The seasonal fluctuation of Periplaneta americana in this area is basically the same as that in periplaneta fuliginosa.
Due to the influence of subtropical climate in southern Fujian and Guangxi, there are cockroaches indoors all year round, but there is an obvious law of growth and decline: Periplaneta brownii and Periplaneta orientalis both reach their peak in June. Periplaneta americana in Nanning presents a bimodal shape in June and August.
Periplaneta japonica in Northeast China generally began to move in early April, and its density increased significantly in May, reaching its peak in June. The density decreased in mid-July, reached the second peak in August and decreased again in September. The activity of 10 in late October 10 obviously weakened and entered the wintering period. The seasonal fluctuation curve is bimodal.
Prevention and treatment
Cockroaches are very harmful, easy to spread diseases and carry germs, which is a very big safety hazard to the catering industry. For example, hotels, supermarkets, hospitals, cafes and other places invest a lot of money to eliminate cockroaches every year. [3]
1. To eliminate cockroaches, we must first ensure environmental sanitation, clean up in time, including toilets and sewers, and clean up garbage in time. Don't leave a sanitary corner at home, don't put food in the open air in the kitchen, don't leave stagnant water at home, and block the gap in time to prevent cockroaches from breeding. Check carefully, even the old computer case. People living in a building had better act in unison, so that cockroaches have nowhere to hide.
2. First, find out where Xiao Qiang, the cockroach at home, is hiding.
Cockroaches like hot, dark and humid places. Pay attention to water sources, food-rich kitchens, restaurants, bathrooms, sewers, trash cans and so on. Small cockroaches can get into cracks 0.5 mm thick. Adult male cockroaches can get into the gap of 1.6 mm, and female cockroaches with eggs need to hide in places 4.5 mm or two coins thick, especially in narrow and tight gaps, such as gaps between furniture. Any gap larger than 1.6 cm is a refuge for cockroaches. Cockroach nests will also be built where paper bags, boxes and corrugated paper piles are piled up. Some people pile books, newspapers, magazines or cartons next to the refrigerator. The damp and warm refrigerator is a hotbed of cockroaches, and these cartons have become the best breathing space for cockroaches. Cockroach nests are generally hidden in operating rooms, laundry rooms, heating boxes, behind televisions, computers and refrigerators, and in kitchens and sewers. If you want to wipe out the cockroach completely, you must find its nest and kill its eggs. You know, an ordinary cockroach can breed tens of thousands after half a year.
In order to eliminate cockroaches, you must do the following work:
Clean up garbage and unused items, especially books, newspapers and magazines at home.
B. Check the bottom and back of furniture, as well as hidden places such as false ceilings, air ducts and wire troughs.
C. Fill the cracks and gaps on the ceiling, wall and floor with non-thermal insulation materials to achieve the best sealing effect.
D all cockroach remains and egg sheaths must be crushed and removed to prevent egg sheaths from hatching. (1: For the egg sheath, it must be burned. 2: Rush into the sewer. )
E try to avoid using plywood or ceiling wall for furniture, and choose furniture made of aluminum, stainless steel and plastic, which is easy to wash and has no heat preservation effect, so cockroaches are not easy to survive. It is best to keep furniture away from the wall, so it is not easy to hide cockroaches.
3. What do cockroaches eat?
Cockroaches have similar habits to humans, and like fermented foods rich in starch or sweetness, such as bread, cream, beer, fried flour, sesame oil, brown sugar and onions. Among them, German cockroaches, which are common in families, prefer fatty foods, while American cockroaches prefer sweets and beer.
According to the habits of cockroaches, you must cut off their food sources.
A. Keep the residence dry and clean: delimit a strict eating area, and do not eat any food except the restaurant and kitchen. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the kitchen and bathroom, and no water is allowed.
B. Store food correctly and thoroughly clean up food residues after feeding pets. (For cats at home, dog friends must pay attention)
C. completely empty the trash can at least once a day. Tie the mouth of the garbage bag tightly before putting it.
D. don't eat in bed.
Prevent cockroaches from coming in
Pipes extending in all directions are the rapid transport system of cockroaches. At night, cockroaches in the drainage ditch will crawl into the room in droves along the drainage pipe and climb out from the gaps in the drainage holes, walls and doors and windows.
To prevent cockroaches from entering the house, we must do the following: install screen doors and screens, or add fine nets at drainage holes; At night, the external drainage holes at home should be covered to prevent cockroaches from entering. Close the holes in the external wall, floor and platform so that the pipes and wires of the split air conditioning system can pass through or install the system. Coat a layer of vaseline with a width of at least 10 cm around the dry drainage hole to prevent cockroaches from crossing the hole; Install barbed wire with a mesh width of 2 mm on the drainage hole.
catch
At 8 ~ 12 pm, when cockroaches were active, they suddenly turned on the light to search and killed adults and nymphs. Before the cockroach breeding season, it can be killed for several nights continuously, which can greatly reduce the insect density. Burn cockroaches, eggs and nymphs hiding in various gaps with hot soap or washing powder. Carefully fill and smooth the gaps in stoves and cabinets that are easy to hide cockroaches. Bamboo, wooden furniture, drawers, etc. Places where cockroaches live together can be scalded with boiling water. Mix oil with No.0 ink, add a little sesame oil, spread it on kraft paper, sprinkle some sugar in the center of the paper, and put the paper on the stove, cupboard, etc. I'll collect it in the evening and morning. Cockroaches get stuck when they are active. Generally, the validity period is 10 day. HD and others also sell special sticky paper.
6. How to use cockroach medicine:
All kinds of shops have all kinds of drugs to kill cockroaches, so I won't go into details. It should be noted that cockroaches like to repeat the route, and the medicine will be effective if it is placed in the right position. Drugs should be placed or sprayed in cockroach nests and routes. The location of the cockroach nest can be seen above, and the route should be observed. You know, cockroaches have lived on the earth for more than 300 million years and have strong adaptability. It is said that the only creature that can survive after the atomic bomb explosion is it. Isn't it awesome? Cockroaches will quickly develop drug adaptability in the next generation, and when a drug fails, it will be changed. (Drugs must use biological cockroach killing drugs that are environmentally friendly, effective and harmless to people, such as Xiao Taijian and Poison Island)
When applying pesticide, the food and water of cockroaches should be removed, because cockroaches are hungry and dry-resistant, especially pregnant female cockroaches with eggs, and they must have enough food and water, otherwise the egg sheath cannot hatch.
7. Dispose of cockroach carcasses
Wear gloves; The area or equipment (including gloves) contacted by cockroach carcasses should be cleaned and disinfected with household disinfectant as soon as possible.
8. Ways to drive away cockroaches:
Cockroaches use the bristles on their tails to detect the movement around them, which is as sensitive as hearing organs. So there was an instrument to drive away cockroaches like a mouse. Driving away will hurt the neighbors. Suggest elimination.
9. plant flowers to avoid cockroaches
Does planting flowers have anything to do with controlling cockroaches? A little bit. It is said that cockroaches don't like some plants, such as green radish. Why not try to beautify the environment and avoid cockroaches?
10. Regular inspection
Anything you buy home or bring into the house, you'd better confirm it before entering the house. Especially what YARDSALE bought second-hand. For example, I once helped my friend repair the computer, and when I opened the case, I got a ... as a thank-you gift, haha.
Spiders, scorpions, ants, parasitic flies, parasitic bees, toads, lizards, birds and mice are common natural enemies of cockroaches. However, Blattella germanica is an exotic species in China. At present, no natural enemy that can effectively control the insect has been found, and its unique high fecundity makes it the first of the four pests in China in recent years.
officinal
The ancients used cockroaches as medicine very early, and the first pharmaceutical monograph in China, Shennong Herbal Classic, listed cockroaches as Chinese medicine. After that, I recorded a lot of herbal works. Compendium of Materia Medica says: "There are three kinds of cockroaches, nocturnal cockroaches and cockroaches, all of which are eaten by foreigners and foreigners. They are called negative and wrong, but they are taboo. Hanzhong and southwest can eat it, nicknamed Xiangniangzi. It can be seen that cockroaches have been used as medicine for a long time, and now there are modern Chinese herbal pieces such as Periplaneta americana fine powder in the new rehabilitation liquid.
Medical textual research
There are about 44 genera and 525 species of cockroaches in the world, and there are 39 species 10 genus recorded in China. In Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen described cockroaches as medicinal animals, which are "like silkworm moths with red bellies and flying wings", which is the unique feature of Periplaneta americana.
Sexual taste and meridian tropism
Cold and salty. Meridian of liver, spleen and kidney.
Functions and instructions
Promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, detoxify and dissipate stagnation, and promote diuresis and detumescence. It can be used for treating abscess accumulation, infantile malnutrition, beriberi edema, furuncle swelling, insect and snake bite.
Herbal records
1. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica: Treating blood stasis, hardness, cold and heat, food stagnation and paralysis of throat.
2. "Famous doctors don't record": Tongli blood.
3. "Tang Herbal Medicine": Eat its qi.
4. Compendium of Materia Medica: Treating blood stasis, hard disease, cold and heat, lowering qi and benefiting blood vessels.
5. "Classified herbs": treating various foods and drinks. Scolopendra breaks the fish's mouth, eliminates sores, applies poison and cures throat moths.
6. "Luchuan Materia Medica": expelling wind, relieving fever and promoting blood circulation. Treat swelling and ulcer (for external use).