Liquid fertilizer does not need to be stirred or mixed, while solid fertilizer needs to be mixed with water and stirred into liquid fertilizer. There is no personal safety problem in the application of most ammonia fertilizers, but special care should be taken when injecting acids or pesticides to prevent dangerous reactions. When using pesticides, we should strictly follow the instructions for pesticide use and pay attention to protecting personal safety.
(2) Dose control
When applying fertilizer, we should control the dosage. For example, the suitable strength of fertilizer solution is about 0. 1% of irrigation flow, and the irrigation pipe flow is 50 cubic meters/hour, so the fertilizer solution is about 50 liters/hour. Herbicide and pesticide should be injected at a very low speed, which is generally less than 10% of the strength of the injected fertilizer. It is necessary to master the amount of fertilizer applied each time. Due to the mistakes of equipment and operators, excessive application may cause crop death and environmental pollution.
(3) Safe application
In order to prevent fertilizer from blocking the emitter and causing nutrient leaching loss, the process of fertilizer injection should be divided into three stages: first, wet the soil with water without fertilization, then drip irrigation with fertilizer solution, and finally flush the micro-irrigation pipe network with water without fertilization. The three stages are generally arranged in the ratio of1/4-1/2-1/4.
(4) Filter water and fertilizer to prevent the emitter from clogging.
The outlet of drip irrigation emitter is very small, generally only about 1 mm in diameter, which is easy to block when dripping fertilizer. In order to ensure the safety of the system, it is very important to filter irrigation water and fertilizer solution. The screen of the filter commonly used in drip irrigation system is 120 mesh. The part of the fertilizer solution injection pipeline should be placed upstream of the filter, so that both irrigation water and fertilizer solution can be filtered, so that the irrigation system can operate safely. When acid is injected, this method will damage the filter. In order to solve this contradiction, acid can be injected downstream of the filter and chemicals can be put in front of the filter, but the chemicals should be stopped some time before the filter cleaning process.
(5) Safety warning
Warning signs should be shown before applying pesticides to inform the micro-irrigation system that drip irrigation is being applied, and drinking irrigation water is prohibited.