The common ultrasonic examinations in physical examination include abdomen, brain and heart.
Ultrasonic examination of the heart, also known as echocardiography, can reflect whether the shape and activity of each valve are normal, the size and shape of each atrium and ventricle, and the situation of large blood vessels around the heart entering and leaving the heart; Whether there is congenital heart disease, heart damage caused by rheumatic heart disease, pericardial effusion, various cardiomyopathy, etc. Hypertension, coronary heart disease, cor pulmonale and cardiac tumor will also have some corresponding changes on echocardiography.
Echocardiography can also be used to measure cardiac function, such as the strength of myocardial contractility, the size of cardiac ejection ability and so on.
Abdominal B-ultrasound mainly examines liver, gallbladder, spleen and kidney. From this, we can see whether the appearance, outline, size, position and internal structure of these organs are normal and whether there are abnormalities such as tumors. Specifically, ultrasonic diagnosis technology can be used to diagnose liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, hepatic cyst, and even liver cancer, gallstones, nephroptosis, hydronephrosis, renal cyst and other diseases. It should be noted that before abdominal ultrasound examination, people must fast for more than 8 hours to ensure that the gallbladder and bile duct are full of bile and reduce the interference of gastrointestinal contents and gas.
In obstetrics and gynecology, ultrasound can find some diseases of uterus, fallopian tube, ovary and pelvic cavity, such as congenital dysplasia of uterus, hysteromyoma, ovarian cyst and pelvic inflammatory disease.