According to the definition of China's "Green Building Evaluation Standard", green building refers to a building that saves resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protects the environment and reduces pollution, provides people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and lives in harmony with nature. Therefore, it has become an inevitable trend to integrate the concept of sustainable development into the whole life cycle of buildings, that is, to develop green buildings.
1 the necessity of actively promoting "green ecological architecture"
The green building represented by the headquarters of Audubon Society in the United States is the most energy-efficient building in Manhattan, new york, and is considered as a new milestone in the history of building environmental protection. What is a green ecological building? At present, it must be an economical building in China. It will be the main theme of the construction industry in the 2 1 century, which is reflected in health, water saving, land saving, energy saving, pollution control and recycling.
1. 1 health
People's attention to "healthy buildings" is mainly due to the emergence of "building syndrome", which is caused by:
(1) Building materials. Especially the existence of modern interior decoration, decoration materials and indoor appliances makes the newly renovated houses contain a lot of formaldehyde, radon, asbestos, oxides, CO2, CO and so on, which affects human health.
(2) Pollution in the kitchen. The main components of harmful substances produced by fuel combustion and cooking fume in the cooker are tar, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Benzopyrene in 3.4- tar has a strong carcinogenic effect, and carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are easy to cause cardiovascular and nervous system diseases.
1.2 water resources
There is a global shortage of fresh water resources. China's northern cities are short of water resources and some southern cities are short of water resources, which has reached the red light of economy and society. Urban and rural residents' water use is an important link in the balanced allocation of water resources, including water quantity and water quality. The water use system in residential quarters:
(1) In residential areas, we should establish the concept of large water circulation, including tap water, rainwater, groundwater and sewage. It should be considered in a unified way to optimize the system design.
(2) Resource water shortage is as serious as quality water shortage, and compulsory measures should be formulated according to different situations. If the water price is raised by stages, the equipment and appliances with large water consumption shall be eliminated and water-saving facilities shall be enforced.
(3) With the improvement of residents' living standards, piped direct drinking water enters residential areas, forming a second water plant, achieving the dual purposes of providing high-quality direct drinking water and saving water.
(4) Water recycling system should be established in residential areas, and rainwater collection and reuse system should be established in water-deficient areas.
1.3 land saving
As we all know, "more people and less land" is the national condition of China, so saving land is a policy repeatedly emphasized by the state. In recent years, the construction land in China has decreased by an average of 500,000 hm per year. 2 cultivated land, from the 50 years after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the per capita cultivated land area is 0.2hm? 2 to 0. 1hm? 2, so the policy of saving land is very important.
(1) Actively promote the reform of wall materials, vigorously develop new wall materials that are energy-saving, land-saving, waste-recycling, and thermal insulation, and encourage the use of green building materials. Various plates and hollow bricks are used to reduce the thickness of the wall. The wall design is reasonable, the usable area is increased, the land is saved and the building structure is advanced.
(2) There must be a new model for the transformation of the old city. In order to save land and strictly control the construction land of urban and rural residents, this is a long-term measure.
1.4 energy saving
China is not rich in energy reserves, and there are some problems such as low energy utilization rate and serious waste.
(1) The energy consumption of some industrial products in China is 4 times that of developed countries, 6 times that of Japan, 3 times that of the United States and 4.5 times that of South Korea.
(2) The energy structure is unreasonable, and coal accounts for 70%. Because the clean coal technology has not been popularized, the air pollution is serious.
(3) China's building energy consumption accounts for 25% of the national energy consumption, and the residential energy consumption per square meter is three times that of countries with the same climate energy consumption.
(4) China's oil reserves only account for 23% of the world's total, and its exploitable life is only 206 years, far below the world average of 428 years.
1.5 pollution control
It is necessary to strengthen the discharge and treatment of pollutants to achieve the purpose of waste utilization, conservation and environmental protection.
2. Establish and improve green standards and policies adapted to China's national conditions.
Facts show that in order to realize the sustainable development of the construction industry, we must promote the development of green buildings. Green building has just started in China and is still in the pilot stage.
Development stage. How to seek truth from facts and implement green building according to local conditions is the key to the development direction of China construction industry in the future. ?
China's green building started late, with poor foundation, insufficient theoretical research and less engineering practice. Although the Ministry of Construction has successively issued three energy-saving standards for climate zones, initially forming a perfect energy-saving standard for civil buildings, the energy-saving standard for industrial buildings has not yet been issued, and the energy-saving standard for public buildings has just been issued. However, the comprehensive standard system of building energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving and environmental protection has not yet been established. China's green building evaluation standards and technical guidelines are still in the research stage. When formulating standards, we should take into account the actual situation in China, rather than copying foreign forms. It is necessary to establish and improve the green building standards and policies that adapt to China's national conditions as soon as possible.
Strengthen the supervision of the whole process and implement the four major sectors and environmental protection standards; Strengthening technical research and material development, introducing mature technologies and systems from developed countries in a timely and systematic manner, innovating and developing according to China's national conditions, taking fewer detours and adopting the lowest cost method will play a powerful role in accelerating the process of green building. ; Mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments, make rational use of local resources, energy and natural harmonious green buildings; Transform old buildings and promote green buildings.
The development of green building in China's construction industry revolves around providing people with healthy, comfortable and safe living, working and activity space, and at the same time, it is carried out in a way of high efficiency, using resources and minimizing environmental impact. It is the general public who benefit the most, so it is inseparable from the participation of the whole people. Through our wisdom, experience and efforts, the construction of China will surely embark on a bright road of resource conservation, harmonious development and sustainable development!
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