In the safety production activities of enterprises, people usually refer to the requirements of managers for employees' safety standards as "I want to be safe" and the conscious safety behavior of employees as "I want to be safe". The two formulations not only express different language concepts, but also have different security implementation methods and management effects. "Want me to be safe" is the theme of safety production behavior. Starting from the object, the control information of safety production constraints is sent out through external factors, and finally safety production is realized; "I want to be safe" means starting from the main body, generating the power of safe production from the internal factors, and realizing safe production subjectively and actively. From the perspective of management, "I want to be safe" and "I want to be safe" are dialectical and unified, and "I want to be safe" is an external cause and a driving force; "I want to be safe" is the internal cause and the foundation. They are interrelated and complementary, and play a role in promoting or determining the realization of safe production from different aspects.
How to realize the transition from "I want to be safe" to "I want to be safe"? The author works in an electric power construction enterprise, based on the front line of production, and deeply understands that safety is the eternal theme and safety is the guarantee of production.
First of all, focus on people's safety psychology for safety education.
Safety psychology is the reflection of people's psychological activities in the specific environment of production and labor, and it is the safety need and safety consciousness that comes with production tools, mechanical equipment, working environment and interpersonal relationship in the labor process. It mainly includes: safety psychology in labor production, occupational safety psychology, safety group psychology in safety management, safety organization psychology, etc. By summarizing the psychological phenomena in safety production, the quality of safety education can be improved, the psychological effect of safety education can be produced, and the effect of grasping, shocking and winning people's hearts can be achieved. Therefore, safety education should focus on the following three points: First, make use of the advantages of safety psychology to do a good job in safety education for new employees after entering the factory, and make a good brand of safety production for new employees with preconceived first impressions. The second is to use recency effect of safety psychology to educate employees on safety with typical safety cases of our unit, and to influence and motivate employees with living facts. The third is to make use of the suggestive function of safety psychology, exert a subtle influence on employees' psychology and behavior by implicit and indirect methods, and conduct regular education. No matter what kind of education method is adopted, as long as it is closely linked with reality, insists on starting from people's safety psychology, firmly grasps people's safety psychological tendency, grasps people's safety psychological state in different periods, grasps people's different types of safety psychological activities, and carries out safety education that varies from time to time and from person to person, it will make education and psychology sound, strengthen people's awareness of self-safety protection, and make employees have a strong tendency of "I want to be safe".
Secondly, grasp people's safety behavior and implement the safety system.
Safety behavior is all actions that people take to protect themselves, equipment, machinery and other substances in the process of labor production. With the gradual realization of scientific management, automation of operation and modernization of production in China's electric power construction industry, safety behavior is not only an individual's self-protection behavior, but also an overall behavior in which production factors are interrelated, influenced and restricted. The establishment of an overall safety system is inseparable from personal self-safety, and a set of systems that can closely link personal safety with overall safety is needed to regulate people's safety behavior. This system should be compiled and operated from the perspective of security actors, who will produce "I want to be safe" behavior from internal factors. As far as our company is concerned, due to the different production nature of enterprises, there are characteristics of multi-job combination, multi-process intersection and multi-link connection, so we should proceed from our own reality, firmly grasp the safety behavior of employees in the production process, and establish and improve the personal self-safety protection system. Mainly: employees have the right not to execute illegal production instructions; Have the right not to hand over the illegal production process; Have the right not to operate illegal production equipment; Have the right not to work in an illegal production environment. This establishes the subjective initiative of employees in the labor process from the administrative regulations, so that they can consciously abide by the safety rules and regulations and consciously carry out safety protection. The employees said well that it is not difficult to prevent accidents, but it is important to abide by the rules; The biggest bane is dereliction of duty, and the biggest hidden danger is violation of regulations. As long as we really regard rules and regulations and operating procedures as friends of life and protective umbrellas of safety, we can stand on the theme of safe production and realize safe production.
Third, carry out safety activities against man-made obstacles.
The ideological obstacle in safety production activities is an important problem that affects employees' "want me to be safe" and is the main factor among all kinds of unsafe factors. In the process of grasping safety production, it is found that under normal circumstances, employees will take self-protection measures to meet their own safety needs and abide by the regulations on safety production, but sometimes, some people may not only forget "I want to be safe" but also fail to do "I want to be safe" because of some ideological obstacles. This kind of ideological obstacle can be summarized as follows: (1) I don't know much about the safety production laws and regulations, and I can't see the serious harm of illegal operation; I am troubled by the safety production regulations (more wonderful articles are from "Secretary Dont Ask For Help"), and I want to save trouble and seek simplicity. Ignore and forget the safety production regulations because of being in a hurry and in a hurry; Over-confidence in one's skilled skills, taking chances and being careless; Brave and aggressive, showing impulsiveness and knowingly committing crimes; Because of physical fatigue, mental distraction and distraction, I can't take care of the safety production regulations. In recent years, leaders in charge of production and individual employees in some units know that it is illegal to operate, but in order to catch up with the production schedule, they violate the operating rules and operate in an unsafe environment. Cause serious accidents, bring great pain to individuals or families, and cause huge economic losses to enterprises. Therefore, leaders and employees at all levels must pay attention to eliminating employees' ideological obstacles in the production process and carry out targeted safety activities. For example, carry out safety rules and regulations education, so that employees can clearly understand the necessity of observing rules and regulations and the harm of violating rules and regulations; Carry out safety knowledge training to improve the safety technical quality of employees; Carry out standardized operation and safety responsibility system to strengthen the safety protection of employees; Actively do a good job in balanced production, so that employees can maintain vigorous energy and physical strength, control and reduce unsafe behaviors, and so on. Through these methods, employees can gradually eliminate ideological obstacles such as conflict, violation, passivity, fluke, laxity and bravado, and enhance their awareness of "I want to be safe".
In a word, the change from "I want to be safe" to "I want to be safe" requires a major change in the psychological and behavioral consciousness of the employees, the main body of safety production behavior. To realize these two changes, we can't do without a lot of publicity, education, inspection, supervision, rewards and punishments. Rely on the external motivation of "I want to be safe", promote the internal transformation of "I want to be safe", and make safe production become the conscious action of employees. In this way, our safety production will definitely go to a new level.
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Keywords: safety production management benefits
Safety in production is an extremely extensive and complicated work. A large number of security problems accumulated over the years cannot be completely solved in a short time. Therefore, the high-risk situation of possible production safety accidents will last for a long time. We must strengthen our sense of hardship and consciously put safety in production at the height of practicing Theory of Three Represents, improving the construction of ruling ability and building a harmonious socialist society. Society is developing and progressing. With the continuous strengthening of the economic foundation of the coal industry and the gradual prosperity of miners' lives, and with the gradual realization of the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the safety needs and safety awareness of the coal industry and miners are also constantly improving, which objectively puts forward higher requirements for safety production. We should keep up with the requirements of the development of the times ideologically, change our ideas, blaze new trails, make overall plans, enhance the initiative and foresight of safety production, take precautions and comprehensively manage safety production problems.
First, the dialectical relationship between safety and production
Safety is inseparable from production and benefit. Only when safety is good can we ensure better production. There are some hidden dangers in production. If we fight against nature, unexpected things will happen at any time, so we should always be vigilant and always pay attention to safety. Safety is the premise of enterprise production, and production is the guarantee of benefit. When it comes to efficiency, we always think of words such as profit, cost, capital and expenditure reduction, and few people think of safety. However, more and more reality proves to us that only safety is the greatest interest. If safety is not done well, once an accident occurs, both enterprises and individuals will suffer losses. Where can I talk about welfare?
Two, improve the construction of safety production system, promote the scientific management of safety.
Safety focuses on management, management focuses on the site, and the site focuses on implementation. Production activity is a dynamic process of constant change. Due to the influence of various environmental factors and their own conditions, various unsafe behaviors often occur in this process, which requires managers at all levels, especially the team leader and team leader at the production site, to supervise and inspect more, deal with hidden dangers in time, and earnestly implement the team leader's responsibility system for production safety. All kinds of inspectors should go deep into the field, find problems and solve them, instead of listening to reports in the office. At the same time, strengthen the assessment of managers at all levels, with the first level responsible and the lower level responsible to the higher level, and implement the post responsibilities layer by layer to control the production site in an orderly and stable state.
The first is to play a leading role in thinking. Psychological safety is the basis and premise of the healthy development of safety production, which can best reflect safety awareness. No matter managers or ordinary employees, only with a safe mentality can they do safe behaviors and ensure the implementation of the safety system. Safety concept with safety values as the core is the soul of psychological safety culture construction. Pursuing health is everyone's basic need, but why is the phenomenon of "three violations" repeatedly prohibited in some units? The most fundamental problem is the concept problem, that is, the correct safety concept has not been established. For example, some units blindly pursue benefits, forcing or inducing employees to fight for equipment and physical strength, and taking risks in violation of regulations; For another example, the safety inspection organized by the higher authorities is to help the lower authorities find hidden dangers and prevent accidents. This is a good thing, but subordinates often try their best to deal with it. I'm afraid that once they find any problems, they will try their best to minimize them. For another example, "I want to be safe" should have been the inherent need of employees' instinct, but now it has become a hard indicator that managers are forced to complete. If the above misconceptions are not broken and the correct safety concept is not established, the construction of safety production will always be a castle in the air.
The second is to play a good role in publicity and education. The foothold of safety management is the team, and the terminal of accident prevention work is every employee, with the purpose of ensuring their personal safety. Therefore, how to seriously establish the safety awareness of each employee and make it realize the fundamental transformation from "I want safety" to "I want safety" is the central task of enterprise safety culture construction. To adhere to the people-oriented safety policy and create a good atmosphere of "everyone pays attention to safety", it is necessary to broaden the forms of publicity and education and establish an all-round, whole-process and full-participation safety environment. Through television, newspapers, billboards, slogans, readers and other media and safety knowledge contests, speech contests, singing performances and other activities, we will strengthen the propaganda and offensive of safety production, make education entertaining, make the awareness of safety production deeply rooted in people's hearts, widely spread safety knowledge, subtly regulate people's safety behavior, and cultivate people's safety mentality.
The third is to play a good role in family infection. Theoretically speaking, the most basic and effective means to promote all employees to establish correct safety awareness is publicity and education. The publicity and education of safety production has adapted to the inherent needs of employees for safety production, and employees are subjectively willing to accept it. In order to solve the safety problem, we should also pay attention to emotional input and adopt the way of family education to remind employees to remember the entrustment of their loved ones from time to time; For example, give employees birthdays, send aphorisms, talk with brothers, and lose no time to subtly publicize safety concepts to employees; Then there are security activities. Grass-roots units regularly issue safety commitment letters to employees' families, call on them to play the role of the second line of defense, and sincerely invite them to participate in safety activities.
Safety is an eternal topic, which is the foundation of life and the cornerstone of enterprise development! The take-off and development of enterprises can not be separated from safety, which is the top priority of all work. Only by implementing safety responsibility can enterprises achieve better results. It is far from enough for the safety of an enterprise to rely on the efforts of one person or several people. It requires everyone to do their job conscientiously and implement their safety responsibilities in a down-to-earth manner, and requires the concerted efforts of all employees, Qi Xin. Only if you want to be safe, I want to be safe, and everyone does their job, can we ensure safety.
Responsibility implementation is the soul of safe production. Our company always adheres to the safety concept of "people-oriented, combining prevention with control" and attaches great importance to the implementation of safety production responsibility. Established a "horizontal to the edge, vertical to the end" safety production responsibility system, comprehensively decomposed and implemented safety responsibilities, and signed safety target responsibility letters at different levels; Take various forms to widely publicize the knowledge of safety production and actively carry out safety education and training; Vigorously carry out the identification, evaluation, control and supervision of risk factors; Gradually promote the establishment of standardized good behavior activities, standardize management, and continuously improve to build an intrinsically safe enterprise. After full participation and all-out efforts, the safety in production has achieved gratifying results. We are very proud of this! But in the face of achievements, we know that there is always only a starting point and no end point for safety. We still have to "sound the alarm at all times and be vigilant!" Put safety work in the first place and implement safety responsibilities. In practical work, we should do the following two things:
First of all, we should pay attention to safety and improve safety awareness.
As a power generator, "safety" is particularly important. Therefore, we must clearly understand the relationship between production and safety, receive systematic safety education, learn more safety laws and regulations, constantly recharge ourselves, strengthen safety awareness, love our jobs and enhance our sense of responsibility, always sound an alarm to ourselves, and be cautious in our thoughts and actions, so that safety can be guaranteed.
Secondly, we should put the responsibility of safety into practice and turn safety awareness into action.
In daily work, we should pay close attention to the investigation and management of hidden dangers, increase the intensity of inspections, eliminate potential safety hazards in time, and effectively prevent unsafe accidents; It is necessary to strictly implement the plan of "two votes, three systems" and "two measures", strengthen on-site safety management, keep the equipment healthy and stable, and put an end to unsafe behaviors of people. In the current flood season, it is necessary to do a good job in flood control and flood fighting, implement flood control dispatching plans, and ensure flood control safety. By carrying out standardized good behavior, we can promote the implementation of safety responsibilities and achieve the goal of safe production.
In a word, safety is a systematic project, which needs long-term unremitting efforts. Only when each of us improves our safety awareness, everyone stresses safety, everything is safe, we always want to be safe, and we must be safe everywhere, can we have safety. "Safety responsibility, focusing on implementation", let's take advantage of the strong east wind of Safety Month, start from me, start from you, implement safety responsibility, strive to achieve the sustainable and safe development of the company, and strive to build an intrinsically safe enterprise!
Hazard sources, especially major hazards, may lead to major accidents and heavy casualties or property losses if the control measures are unreasonable. Therefore, the correct classification and grading of hazard sources can help people to take reasonable, scientific and economic prevention and control measures against various hazard sources. This paper discusses the concept and method of hazard classification and classification, and introduces the commonly used methods at present.
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