Second, hearing language disability: refers to hearing loss or hearing impairment in both ears due to various reasons, and the inability to hear or hear the sounds of the surrounding environment; Language disability refers to the inability to speak or language barriers for various reasons, which makes it difficult for people to carry out normal language communication activities with ordinary people. Hearing and language disorders include: a. complete loss of hearing and language functions (that is, deafness); B. Hearing loss and inability to speak or pronounce clearly (deaf but not dumb); Simple language disorders, including aphasia, sharp voice, slurred speech or severe stuttering. Hearing disability can be divided into deafness and hard of hearing (table 1-2). Deafness first-degree deafness: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than or equal to 9 1 dB (dB, hearing level, the same below) and second-degree deafness: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 7 1 dB, equal to or less than 90 dB. Hearing difficulty: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 56 decibels, equal to or equal to 70 decibels. Secondary hard of hearing: the average hearing loss of language frequency is greater than 4 1 db, equal to or less than 55 db. Simple language disability. Non-classification table 1-2 classification category hearing disability degree hearing loss degree deafness primary deafness 9 1dB secondary deafness 90-7 1dB hearing difficulty primary hearing difficulty 70-56dB secondary hearing difficulty 55-4 1dB.
Third, intellectual disability: refers to people's intellectual activity ability is obviously lower than the average person's level, showing obstacles to adaptive behavior. Intellectual disability includes: mental retardation or mental retardation caused by various harmful factors in the process of intellectual development (18 years old); After the intellectual development is mature, various harmful factors lead to mental damage or obvious decline in old age. In order to compare with international data, according to the classification standards of mental disability of the World Health Organization and the American Association for Mental Retardation, the mental disability grades were classified according to intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptive behavior. The first-degree mental disability (extremely severe) has an IQ of 20 or below, poor adaptive behavior, obviously dull face, lifelong need for care of others, and poor motivational sensory function. For example, if you are trained, you will only respond to the movements of your lower limbs, hands and jaw. The IQ of the second-degree mental disability (severe) is between 20-35 or 25-40, and the adaptive behavior is poor. Even after training, it is difficult to take care of yourself. The IQ of the third-grade mental disability (moderate) is between 35-50 or 40-55, and the adaptive behavior and skills are incomplete. For example, those who have the ability to take care of themselves can do simple housework and have a preliminary knowledge of health and safety, but their reading and calculation skills are poor and their ability to distinguish the surrounding environment is poor, so they can only communicate with others in a simple way. The IQ of grade 4 mental disability (mild) is between 50-70 and 55-75, and the adaptive behavior is lower than that of ordinary people. It has considerable skills, such as taking care of itself and undertaking ordinary housework or work, but it lacks skills and creativity. Generally, they can adapt to society under guidance. After special education, it can acquire certain reading and calculating ability, and have better ability to distinguish the surrounding environment and communicate with people properly.
4. Limb disability: refers to the injury and deformity of human limbs or paralysis and deformity of limbs and trunk, which leads to different degrees of functional loss or dysfunction of human motor system. Limb disability includes: amputation or congenital malformation of upper or lower limbs due to trauma and pathological changes; Trauma, pathological changes or abnormal development lead to deformity or dysfunction of upper or lower limbs; Spinal deformity or dysfunction caused by trauma, disease or abnormal development; Trunk or limb dysfunction caused by trauma, pathological changes or abnormal development of central and peripheral nerves. Considering several kinds of disabilities in human motion system, the level of disabled parts and the degree of dysfunction, the limb disability level is divided mainly by dysfunction. A. quadriplegia, paraplegia of lower limbs, and lack of autonomous mobility of double hip joints; Hemiplegia, complete loss of unilateral limb function. B amputation or congenital limb loss in different parts, amputation or limb loss in one arm (or leg) and two legs (or forearm), amputation or limb loss in two upper arms and one thigh (or leg), and amputation or limb loss in two arms (or legs). C. Extremely severe dysfunction of both upper limbs and severe dysfunction of three limbs. Secondary A. Hemiplegia or paraplegia of both lower limbs, the residual limb only retains a little function. B. Amputation or loss of both upper limbs (upper arm or forearm) or both thighs; Amputation or amputation of a single whole leg (or arm) and a single upper arm (or thigh); Three limbs were amputated or missing in different parts. C. severe dysfunction of both limbs; Moderate dysfunction of three limbs. Grade 3 A, amputation or amputation of both legs, amputation or amputation of forearm, thigh and upper part of one leg. B. severe dysfunction in one limb and moderate dysfunction in both limbs. C. Both thumbs are accompanied by index finger (or middle finger) defect. Grade 4 A single leg amputation or limb amputation. B. severe dysfunction of one limb; Mild dysfunction of both limbs. C. Stiffness of the spine (including cervical vertebrae); The hunchback deformity is greater than 70 degrees; Scoliosis is greater than 45 degrees. D. The lower limbs are not equal in length, and the gap is more than 5 cm. E. unilateral thumb with index finger (or middle finger) defect; Keep the thumb on one side and amputate or defect the other four fingers. The following situations do not belong to the scope of physical disability: 1) Those who keep their thumb and forefinger (or middle finger) and lose the other three fingers. 2) Those who keep their heels and lose the first half of their feet. 3) Both lower limbs are unequal in length, and the difference is less than 5cm. 4) The hunchback is less than 70 degrees or the scoliosis is less than 45 degrees.
5. Mental disability: refers to the patient suffering from mental illness 1 year or more, and the social ability and function in the family and society appear obstacles and obstacles to varying degrees, and have not recovered. Mental disability includes: brain organic and somatic diseases with mental disorders; Toxic mental disorders, including drug and alcohol dependence; Schizophrenia; Disability caused by emotion, paranoia, reactivity, schizophrenia, periodic psychosis, etc.
Six, a variety of disabilities: also known as "total disability", refers to the patient suffering from two or more of the above five disabilities at the same time, the degree depends on the performance of each disability, usually the situation is more serious.
Legal basis: temporary measures of social assistance
Article 2 The social assistance system shall adhere to the principles of supporting the bottom line, being difficult in emergency rescue and being sustainable, and be connected with other social security systems, and the level of social assistance shall be commensurate with the level of economic and social development. Social assistance should follow the principles of openness, fairness, impartiality and timeliness.
Article 3 The civil affairs department of the State Council shall co-ordinate the construction of the national social assistance system. The State Council civil affairs, emergency management, health, education, housing and urban construction, human resources and social security, medical security and other departments are responsible for the corresponding social assistance management according to their respective responsibilities. The departments of civil affairs, emergency management, health, education, housing and urban construction, human resources and social security, medical security and other departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the corresponding social assistance management within their respective administrative areas. The administrative departments listed in the preceding two paragraphs are collectively referred to as social assistance management departments.
Fourth Township People's governments and sub-district offices are responsible for the acceptance, investigation and review of social assistance applications, and the specific work shall be undertaken by social assistance institutions or managers. Villagers' committees and residents' committees shall assist in the relevant social assistance work.