1. Promote biological oxidation
Thyroxine can promote biological oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, coordinate the coupling of biological oxidation and phosphorylation, and regulate energy conversion.
2. Adjust the synthesis and decomposition of protein.
When protein intake is insufficient, thyroxine can promote the synthesis of protein; When protein is ingested sufficiently, thyroxine can promote the decomposition of protein.
3. Promote sugar and fat metabolism
Thyroxine can accelerate the absorption and utilization of sugar, promote the decomposition and oxidation of glycogen and fat, and regulate the concentration of serum cholesterol and phospholipids.
4. Regulating water and salt metabolism
Thyroxine can promote the water and salt in tissues to enter the blood and be discharged from the kidneys. When it is deficient, it can cause water and salt retention in the tissue, and interstitial fluid containing a lot of mucin appears in the tissue, resulting in mucinous edema.
5. Promote the absorption and utilization of vitamins.
Thyroxine can promote the absorption and utilization of nicotinic acid, the transformation of carotene into vitamin A and the synthesis of riboflavin adenine dinucleotide from riboflavin.
6. Enhance enzyme activity
Thyroxine can activate 100 enzymes in vivo, such as cytochrome enzyme system, succinate oxidase system, alkaline phosphatase and so on. , and play a role in substance metabolism.
7. Promote growth and development
Thyroxine promotes bone development and protein synthesis, and maintains the normal structure of central nervous system.
It is worth noting that excessive iodine intake is also harmful, and excessive iodine intake in daily diet can also cause hyperthyroidism.
In addition to eating, the special "iodine supplement" must go through a formal physical examination and listen to the doctor's advice. Never blindly "supplement iodine".
Iodine tincture, compound iodine solution, iodine throat tablets, iodine glycerin and other iodine preparations are widely used in medical treatment. Iodine tincture is a common disinfectant in the family. Iodine poisoning in children is mostly caused by mistake or overdose. Someone once mistook tincture of iodine for cough syrup and gave it to children. A few sick children are allergic to iodine, and the therapeutic dose also has a serious reaction. Children can die if they take 3 ~ 4 ml of iodine tincture by mistake.
Children take high concentration iodine by mistake, which has a strong stimulating and corrosive effect on gastrointestinal tract. After absorption, it reacts with protein in tissues, causing systemic poisoning. After children take it by mistake, there is iodine smell in the mouth, burning pain in the mouth, esophagus and heartburn, edema and brown in the mouth and throat, which can cause scars and strictures in the esophagus and stomach after recovery. The sick children also have dizziness, headache, thirst, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and other symptoms, and blood can be carried in the feces. Children with severe poisoning have pallor, shortness of breath, cyanosis, limb tremor, confusion, disorientation, sensory disorder, speech disorder, even coma and shock, or toxic nephritis, hematuria and proteinuria, which can cause acute renal failure in severe cases. Allergic children can cause anaphylactic shock.
Due to the strong corrosiveness of iodine preparation, it can cause laryngeal edema, even suffocation, and even mental symptoms and coma in severe cases. If it cannot be rescued in time, it will cause severe hypoxia in the brain and damage the central nervous system, thus affecting the child's intellectual development. Therefore, iodine preparations should be kept in a safe place, and children should not be allowed to get them casually, especially iodine throat tablets. In addition, iodine tincture should be placed separately from cough syrup, and the name of biological iodine should be marked to prevent iodine tincture from being mistaken for cough syrup for children to prevent poisoning. If you take a lot of iodine preparations, you should immediately send them to the hospital for emergency treatment, which can alleviate the symptoms.
Children poisoned by oral iodine preparation should be given plenty of starchy food immediately, such as rice soup, lotus root starch, noodles, porridge, bread, biscuits, etc. Then induce vomiting, and then gastric lavage with 1% ~ 10% starch solution or rice soup, or gastric lavage with 1% sodium thiosulfate solution until the washed liquid is blue. Catharsis after gastric lavage, oral rice soup, raw egg white, milk, vegetable oil, etc. To protect the gastric mucosa. Severe laryngeal edema should be given oxygen, and when suffocation occurs, the trachea should be cut immediately and artificial respiration should be carried out. At the same time, we should pay attention to symptomatic treatment. The national standard requires that the iodine content per 100g milk rice flour is 30- 150μg ... Excessive iodine intake will lead to goiter. The safe upper limit of children's iodine intake announced by the Nutrition Society of China is 800 micrograms per day, but the Institute recommended the daily iodine intake in 2000, which is 50 micrograms for infants, 90 ~ 120 micrograms for children and 150 micrograms for adults.
Iodine deficiency
Fetal period 1. Abortion, stillbirth, congenital malformation, perinatal mortality and infant mortality increased; 2. Endemic cretinism. Neuromotor function development lags behind 4. Fetal hypothyroidism Neonatal hypothyroidism, childhood and adolescent neonatal goiter, adolescent hypothyroidism, subclinical cretinism, mental retardation, limb retardation, simple deaf-mute adult goiter and its complications, hypothyroidism, mental retardation, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, etc.