There are standards for a person's physical health, and there are standards for a person's mental health. However, the standard of people's mental health is not as specific and objective as the standard of people's physical health.
Foreign scholars have discussed the standards of mental health. For example, ingrid thinks: "Mental health refers to a continuous mental state, in which the parties can adapt well and have the vitality of life, and can fully develop their physical and mental potential; This is a positive enrichment. Not just mental illness. "Mai Linger believes:" Mental health refers to people's most efficient and pleasant adaptation to the environment and each other. Not only to be efficient, but also to be satisfied, or to accept the norms of life happily, but to have both. A mentally healthy person should be able to keep calm mood, keen intelligence, behavior suitable for social environment and pleasant temperament. "Masler believes that a mentally healthy person should have the following qualities: (1) having an efficient perception of reality; (2) Have spontaneous but not vulgar thoughts; (3) Being able to accept yourself and others; (4) Be independent in the environment and enjoy peace. (5) attaching importance to philosophy and moral theory; (6) Interested in ordinary things, even in daily work; (7) Being able to establish deep feelings with a few people and having the spirit of helping others; (8) Have a democratic attitude, creative ideas and a sense of humor; (9) Can experience joy and hurt.
We believe that people's mental health includes the following seven aspects: normal intelligence, emotional health, sound will, coordinated behavior, adaptability to interpersonal relationships, moderate response, and psychological characteristics adapted to age.
Understanding and mastering the definition of mental health is of great significance for strengthening and maintaining people's health. People have mastered people's health standards and made self-diagnosis of mental health on this basis. If you find that one or several aspects of your mental state are far from the standard of mental health, you should strengthen psychological exercise in a targeted way to reach the level of mental health. If you find that your mental state seriously deviates from the mental health standards, you should seek medical advice in time, and make early diagnosis and treatment.
Mental health includes:
Normal intelligence
Normal intelligence is the most basic psychological condition of normal life and the primary standard of mental health. The International Classification of Diseases proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) regards mental retardation or retardation as a psychological disorder and abnormal behavior.
Good at coordinating and controlling emotions, in a good mood.
People with mental health can always maintain a happy, cheerful, confident and satisfied mood, be good at finding fun from life and be full of hope for life. More importantly, good emotional stability.
Have a strong will quality.
A healthy will has the following characteristics: clear and reasonable purpose and high consciousness; Good at analyzing the situation and being decisive; Strong will, perseverance and strong psychological endurance; Good self-control, not only has the firmness of realistic goals, but also can restrain the desire, motivation, emotion and behavior that interfere with the realization of goals, and does not indulge willfulness.
Harmonious interpersonal relationship
Its performance: first, it is willing to communicate with people, with stable and extensive interpersonal relationships and bosom friends; Second, maintain an independent and complete personality in communication, have self-knowledge and be neither humble nor supercilious; Third, we can objectively evaluate others, make up for our own shortcomings with people's strengths, be lenient with others, live in harmony and be helpful; Fourth, there are more positive attitudes than negative attitudes in communication.
Actively adapt to and transform the environment, and maintain the integrity and health of personality.
The ultimate goal of mental health is to maintain the integrity of personality and cultivate a sound personality. The main signs of personality integrity and health are:
① There are no obvious defects and deviations in the structural elements of personality;
(two) have a clear sense of self, and do not produce confusion of self-identity;
③ Take a positive outlook on life as the core of personality and use it to effectively control your behavior;
④ It has relatively complete and unified psychological characteristics.
Psychological behavior conforms to age characteristics.
A person's psychological behavior often seriously deviates from his age characteristics, which is generally a manifestation of mental unhealthy.
With the rapid development of natural science and the arrival of the information age, our society is undergoing unprecedented changes. The degree of industrialization, modernization, socialization and integration has been continuously improved; People's life is getting faster and faster, time is getting more and more precious, and people are making more and more money; There are more and more independent, creative and advanced intellectual labor; The range of people's activities is constantly expanding, and there are more and more contacts between people. Everyone inevitably has to deal with subtle and complicated interpersonal relationships. The intensity of all kinds of competition is becoming more and more intense, and the differences in income and social status between people are becoming more and more obvious.
Living in such a complicated and chaotic environment requires people to have higher psychological quality to adapt to the requirements of the times and society. Now people have begun to realize the importance of mental health and pay more and more attention to the mental health of themselves and their relatives and friends who live with them day and night.
Now the standard definition of mental health is as follows:
First, it has enough adaptability;
Second, you can fully understand yourself and make a moderate evaluation of your ability;
Third, the reality of life goals;
Fourth, not divorced from the real environment;
Five, can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality;
6. Be good at learning from experience;
Seven, can maintain good interpersonal relationships;
Eight, can moderately vent emotions and control emotions;
Nine, under the premise of not violating the collective interests, can play a limited role of personality;
Ten, under the premise of not violating social norms, can properly meet the basic needs of individuals.
Man is the soul of all things in nature and a masterpiece of nature. People have great potential. We all have sensitive and accurate feelings and reactions like athletes Deng Yaping and Lang Ping, and have such endurance; Like sketch comedians Zhao Benshan and Lausanne, they are full of great vitality and humor; Fluent language skills like TV host Wang Xuechun and excellent debaters in university debates; Speculative ability like thinker Confucius and scientist Einstein; Imagination like writer Guo Moruo; Memory ability is like a person can remember the decimal places of pi; Like boys and girls in love, relaxed and optimistic; Fitness like a health coach Ma Hua; Persistence like an athlete climbing Mount Everest; As healthy and disease-free as a centenarian; Li in life is neatly dressed. It is as constructive and kind as loving fathers and mothers treat their children;
A person could have been a person without depression, a person who decided to act by himself without being driven by inner depression. He can drink it if he wants, and it's delicious. He is not the kind of person who has to drink it often, and he will feel uncomfortable if he doesn't drink it. Not a person who can't drink, but a person who feels uncomfortable when drinking;
People can be people who get what they want, or they can cope with it freely. He didn't hesitate, he could make a decision at once. Everything he says and does is rational and efficient. A man who can conquer the world with one hand. If he wants to go to college, he can study wholeheartedly, enter a university and enter a famous university.
As mentioned above, each of us should be mentally healthy, but because of the psychological damage we have suffered in the course of life. The so-called normal people in life are actually not in the best state of people, but in the sub-health state between the best state of people and diseases. In fact, we are still far from the ability endowed by nature.
In real life, many so-called normal people are sad and irritable all day, living on sleeping pills, struggling in depression and despair for a long time, and even heading for a dead end of suicide; There are many people who drink all day long, get drunk, hit people and swear; Many people are hostile, conflicting, litigious and criminal; Many people often catch a cold, suffer from non-organic diseases such as hypertension and arthritis, and even suffer from terminal illness and premature death; There are many people who are incompetent, frustrated, poor and pitiful; There are many students who are not good at learning; There are many people who are troubled by sexual problems; There are many people who don't get along well with others and are suspicious all day; Many families are extremely distressed by the mental illness of their members; Many couples disagree, quarrel, fight and divorce.
Let's use psychological science to maintain the mental health of ourselves and our relatives and friends, work and live in a better physical and mental state and enjoy life.
1946 the third international conference on mental health defined this as: the so-called mental health refers to the development of one's mental state to the best within the scope of physical, intellectual and emotional adaptation to the mental health of others. The concrete manifestations are: the coordination of body, intelligence and emotion; Adapt to the environment and be humble to each other in interpersonal relationships; Have a sense of happiness; In my work and career, I can give full play to my ability and live an efficient life. In addition to this definition, people also explain it from different aspects. It is generally believed that mental health can give full play to the individual's greatest potential and properly handle and adapt to the relationship between people and between people and social environment. Specifically, it includes two meanings: first, compared with most people, its psychological function is normal and there is no mental illness; Second, we can actively adjust our psychological state, adapt to the environment, and develop and improve our personal life effectively and constructively. Based on the above point of view, we think that mental health refers to the harmony of body, mind and society in the process of adapting to the environment and maintaining good mental function.