First, the viewpoint is correct.
For example, "education is both a citizen's right and a citizen's obligation." This is a correct analysis problem.
When students answer scientific questions, they are generally divided into three steps. The first step is to judge that this sentence is correct; The second step is to explain why this sentence is correct. That is, why education is a citizen's right and why education is a citizen's obligation. The third step is to talk about your own ideological consciousness in combination with reality.
Reference answer: (1) This statement is correct. (2)① China's Constitution stipulates: "The people and citizens of China have the right and obligation to receive education." Education is a basic right of citizens. Education is an important prerequisite for people's all-round development, an important way for citizens to improve their ideological and cultural quality, and an important condition for citizens to enjoy and exercise other democratic rights. (3) Education is also the basic obligation of citizens, and it is the unshirkable responsibility of every China citizen. Nowadays, the competition in the world is fierce, the focus is on science and technology, the key is talent, and the foundation is education. Education is not only a personal matter, but also directly related to the socialist modernization of the country, and it is the obligation of citizens to the motherland and the people. (3) We teenagers should cherish the opportunity to study at school, consciously accept nine-year compulsory education, study hard, and cultivate ourselves into a new person with "four haves".
Second, wrong views.
For example, "freedom of speech means saying whatever you want."
Students usually answer this question in three steps. First of all, judge this sentence is wrong and show your point of view, that is, "freedom of speech is not to say whatever you want." Secondly, explain why you are right, that is, "why is freedom of speech not what you want to say?" Third, talk about your own ideological consciousness in connection with reality.
Reference answer: (1) This statement is wrong. (2) The Constitution of China stipulates: "The people and citizens of China have freedom of speech, publication, assembly, association, procession and demonstration." These rights of political freedom enjoyed by China citizens are protected by law. These political freedoms are an important way for the people to exercise their right to be masters of their own affairs and a concrete embodiment of socialist democracy. However, citizens should exercise their political freedom according to law. Citizens have the right to political freedom, which does not mean that they can say whatever they want and do whatever they want. However, the heart must exercise the right of political freedom within the scope prescribed by law, and shall not harm the legitimate freedom and rights of the state, social collectives and other citizens. If you violate relevant laws and regulations, you will bear corresponding legal responsibilities. (3) This view is wrong in thought and harmful in action.
Third, right and wrong are mixed, that is, one-sided.
For example, "efforts are the business of elders, and our generation should improve its innovation ability."
This type of question generally requires students to affirm the correct part and explain the reasons first, then deny the wrong part, show their views and explain the reasons. The answer is divided into four steps. The first step is to judge that this sentence is one-sided, and to show our own point of view, that is, "our generation should not only improve its innovation ability, but also carry forward the spirit of hard struggle." The second step is to explain why we should carry forward the spirit of hard struggle. The third step is to explain why we should improve our innovation ability. The fourth step is to talk about your own consciousness in connection with reality.
Reference answer: (1) This statement is wrong. Our generation should not only carry forward the spirit of hard struggle, but also have the spirit of innovation. (2) Hard struggle is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and the realization of any ideal is inseparable from hard struggle. This is determined by the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism in China. This is determined by the long-term and arduous nature of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is also the requirement of socialist spiritual civilization construction. (3) Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for a country's prosperity. The ability to innovate is a decisive factor in today's world economic and technological competition. It is related to the life and death of the Chinese nation. Therefore, innovation is a very important and urgent task for the whole party and people. (4) We young students should be brave and innovative, and cultivate their own innovative spirit.
Fourth, based on the analysis of materials
This kind of test questions has a wide range of materials, novel design, lively form, wide knowledge coverage and large thinking capacity, which can truly reflect students' ability to recognize and reproduce knowledge, read and understand, distinguish right from wrong, comprehensively analyze and integrate theory with practice, and can be regarded as the deformation of material analysis questions.
To answer such questions, we should do the following: ① read the questions when examining the questions, so as to understand the materials, understand the meaning of the questions, analyze the levels and summarize the center; (2) Clear the question type, find out the key words, determine the answer angle, select relevant knowledge, and conceive the answer steps; When answering questions, be concise and clear. For example, during the Spring Festival, when Xiaoming, a junior high school student, went to Huimin market to buy clothes, he found several strong young people stealing an old lady's wallet. So Xiao Ming stopped and fought with them, but the people around him were indifferent, as if nothing had happened. Please comment on what Xiao Ming and others around him have done.
Problem-solving analysis: it is the unshirkable responsibility and obligation of every citizen to fight against illegal and criminal acts, and it is also the right given to citizens by law; As a minor, we should not only dare but also be good at fighting against illegal and criminal acts; It is very harmful if the illegal and criminal phenomena are left unchecked.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) debating analysis problem
The characteristic of this kind of analysis problem is to create a scene of classroom debate and design different arguments or viewpoints for a political issue or social life phenomenon for students to analyze and judge. This is a question type that has only appeared in recent years.
You should judge correctly when answering such questions, otherwise you will get nothing. Point out the right and wrong points of different viewpoints and explain the reasons. It is best to use the principles in textbooks.
At present, it is very common for middle school students to surf the Internet. There are two different views about middle school students surfing the Internet:
The first view is that it is good for middle school students to surf the Internet. They can "know what is happening in the world without going out" and they can also study online. Middle school students should not have any restrictions on surfing the Internet.
The second view is that middle school students are easily obsessed with online games, influenced by bad information, and some even become internet addicts. Middle school students' surfing the Internet is too harmful and should be strictly prohibited.
Please comment on the above views.
Thinking about solving problems: Middle school students should enhance their self-protection awareness and improve their self-protection ability when surfing the Internet. We should be self-disciplined according to law, surf the Internet in a civilized way, and abide by national laws and network ethics. Internet access for middle school students can neither be unlimited nor prohibited.
Reference answer: The first view is one-sided, only seeing the positive aspects of surfing the Internet and ignoring the negative aspects of surfing the Internet. If there is no limit on the time for middle school students to surf the Internet, it will affect their healthy growth. If middle school students' online content is not restricted, they will be eroded by bad information and even commit crimes. The second view is also one-sided. ……
Sixth, comic analysis questions, etc. This kind of test question has just appeared in this year's "Description and Detection", which is characterized by requiring students to carefully observe cartoons and then analyze them. The difficulty (or discrimination) of the problem seems to have increased, but it is actually similar to the analysis problem of materials. It examines students' abilities of observing and thinking, reading and analyzing, distinguishing right from wrong and distinguishing advantages from disadvantages, and pays attention to the correct orientation of students' emotions, attitudes and values.
To answer these questions, we should pay attention to: ① Observe the cartoon carefully, and observe the roles, expressions, movements and languages of people and things in the comic book; ② Divide cartoons into satirical cartoons, praising cartoons and guiding cartoons; ③ You can talk about your own views and understanding from the advantages and disadvantages of the previous division, and try to find out your own practices or show your attitude by combining textbooks.
For example, please observe the picture below carefully and make a discriminant analysis.
Thinking about solving the problem: In the process of developing economy and seeking their own needs, human beings must respect the laws of nature, otherwise it will be human beings who will eventually be punished by nature, which requires us to adhere to our own national policies and development strategies.
Reference answer: (1) Development must adhere to the principle of coordinated development of economic construction and environmental protection. (2) In the process of economic development, human beings do not respect the laws of nature, wantonly cut down trees and destroy the ecological balance, resulting in waste of resources, shortage of resources and deterioration of the environment. While meeting their own needs, they will also be punished by nature. (3) Human beings are the developers and users of natural resources, as well as the destroyers and protectors of the natural environment. In economic construction, we must adhere to the principle of coordinated development of economic construction and environmental protection, adhere to the basic national policy of protecting resources and environment, adhere to the road of sustainable development, establish a people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable Scientific Outlook on Development, and promote the all-round development of economy, society and people.
Of course, the topic is ever-changing and can be transformed into many forms; But the problem-solving methods can be summarized into these three types of questions. The above three types of questions can only be used to broaden our thinking and answer questions scientifically. You can't copy it mechanically and use it as "stereotyped writing", otherwise the loss will outweigh the gain. At the same time, we have to answer the analysis questions.
Think about solving problems:
No matter what kind of analytical problem is solved, the basic idea of solving the problem can be summarized as follows: (1) Carefully examine the problem, make an overall judgment, and distinguish whether the viewpoints are correct and comprehensive. (2) Layering the view or material, and then identifying and analyzing each layer. Why the correct analysis is correct; Wrong views can be analyzed from what is right, why is right, or the harm of wrong reasons. If the viewpoint is right or wrong, you can start with what is right and what is wrong, complete it, and then answer according to the above ideas. (3) when thinking, we should analyze from many aspects and angles to avoid one-way thinking.
Pay attention to the following small problems: First, avoid applying the answers. Some students saw a topic in the exam, not carefully examining the topic and looking for ideas, but casually associating it with the topic they usually did. If you feel almost the same, you can directly apply the ready-made so-called standard answer, and the result can only be a confused loss of points.
Second, avoid insufficient judgment and directly explain the reasons. This is a common problem for students in exams.
Third, carefully examine the questions, and consider three aspects when organizing the answers: (1) Distinguish between right and wrong. What is the correct principle; What principle did the mistake violate? What is the correct statement? (2) Use principle analysis to explain why the viewpoint in the topic and my own viewpoint are correct. (3) Explain the countermeasures that should be taken and the enlightenment obtained.
Fourthly, it must be analyzed from the viewpoint of all-round development, because the analysis questions are specially designed for the characteristics of singularity, one-sidedness, isolation and absoluteness of students' understanding level.