1. When the first human artistic activities arose, the categories of Paleolithic art and representative works.
1. The first artistic activities of mankind arose in the Late Paleolithic, between about 35,000 and more than 10,000 years ago. The foreign fine arts of the Late Paleolithic discovered so far are roughly divided into two
types: cave art and small sculptures.
②Cave art includes murals, such as Lascaux Cave, Altamira Cave, Three Brothers Cave and other cave murals; bas-reliefs, such as the French "Venus with horns" and so on.
3 small sculpture art, such as Austria's "Venus of Velindorf", France's "Venus of Les Puces" and so on.
2. Mesolithic art relics:
The main relics are rock paintings in Northern Europe and Spain's Laventille region, represented by "Figures, Animals, Fish, and Boats," and "Five Bowmen" respectively.
3. Neolithic megalithic architecture and pottery achievements:
①Megalithic architecture: Stonehenge Megalithic Circle in Britain;
②Pottery: beautifully shaped, with numerous patterns, and abstracted geometric patterns predominate. The pattern is lively, rich in change, while not losing the inherent unity, and the amalgamated form also with ten
minute tacit understanding.
4. Sumerian art relics:
① Sumerian Tower Temple site;
② Group of worshippers;
③ Golden bull's head harp.
5. Ruins of Akkadian Fine Arts:
① Bronze Head of King Akkadian;
② Monument of King Naram Yung.
6. Fine Arts Monuments of Neo-Sumerian and Ancient Babylonian Kingdoms:
① Heads of the Gudeans;
② Stele of the Code of Hammurabi.
7. Assyrian Fine Arts Monuments:
① Palace of King Sargon II;
② Patron Saint of the Palace of King Sargon II;
③ Picture of a Lion Hunt;
④ Dying Lioness.
8. Neo-Babylonian art relics:
① "Garden of the Air";
② Tower of Babel;
③ Ishtar Gate.
9. Relics of Persian Fine Arts:
① Darius Reception Hall;
② Relief Belt of the Platform of the Palace of the King of Persepolis.
10. Famous art relics of Egyptian art:
① Early Dynastic art relics:
The Tablet of King Narmer;
2. Art relics of the Ancient Kingdom period:
a. Pyramids: the Mastaba, the Trapezoidal Pyramid of King Chosel, the Great Pyramid of Giza;
b. The Sphinx;
b. p>c.c. Sculptures: the Seated Figure of Khafra, the Statue of the Village Chief, and the Scribe;
d.Tomb Reliefs and Frescoes: the Wild Geese of Medum.
3. Remains of Fine Arts of the Middle Kingdom Period:
a. Ritual Temple of the Mausoleum of Munthehotep III;
b. Obelisk;
c. Head of Xenusert III.
4 New Kingdom Period Fine Arts Monuments:
a. Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut;
b. Temple of Karnak;
c. Temple of Luxor;
d. Statue of Ahnatun;
e. Fresco of the Two Princesses;
f. Seated Statue of Ramses II.
11. Contributions of Etruscan art to architecture and major monuments of art;
①Contributions of Etruscan art to architecture: the first time to combine the structure of arches and columns, so that the building has a certain monumental atmosphere;
②Major monuments: ceramic coffins statues, the symbol of the city of Rome bronze sculpture "she-wolf," and the frescoes in the crypts "Fishing and Hunting".
12. The main monuments of fine arts in ancient Rome:
① *** and the state period of Roman art monuments:
a. The combination of Greek and Etruscan style of the temple: the temple of Fortuna Velurius;
b. Portrait sculpture was popular: < carrying the heads of two forefathers of the aristocracy >;
c. The frescoes of the Garden", "Peaches and Glass Jar", "Pompeii frescoes".
② Remains of Roman fine art from the early and mid-imperial period:
a. Public **** buildings: the Elevated Aqueduct, the Colosseum;
b. Temples: the Pantheon of Rome;
c. Monumental buildings: the Arch of Triumph of Titus, the Column of Tullaghim's Record;
d. Folk buildings: the "Silver Wedding House";
e. Sculpture: the statue of Augustus in the round, the woman with high hair, the Emperor Turazin, Marco Aurelio on horseback, etc.; bas-reliefs were usually combined with triumphal arches, columns of merit, and altars;
f. Fayum prints;
g. Mosaics.
3. Late Imperial Fine Arts Monuments:
a. Statue of Caracalla;
b. Head of Constantine the Great;
c. Arch of Triumph of Constantine;
d. Diocletian's Palace;
e. Basilica of Constantine.
13. The main fine art monuments in Africa:
①Saharan rock carvings and petroglyphs: the Holy Eunuch Sheep;
②Nok culture in the Nigerian region;
3. Bronze statues of the old West African Kingdom of Ile-Ife: the statue of the Queen of Ile-Ife;
4. Sculptures of the ancient Beninese Kingdom of Nigeria: the head of a princess, the man blowing the trumpet;
5. Indigenous Tribal art: guard idols, masks.
14. Basics of Fine Arts in the Americas:
①Indian Fine Arts in North America: Giant Serpent Mound;
②Aztecan Fine Arts in Mexico: Pyramid Plaza, Ocmec Megalithic Heads;
③Mayan Fine Arts in Mesoamerica: Monastery of Uzmaal, the Ancient City of Chichen Itza, bas-reliefs, mural paintings;
4 Inca Fine Arts in the Andean Mountainous Region : the Sun Gate, the city of Machu Picchu, sculpture.
15. The main monuments of ancient Buddhist art in India:
①Sanarat Lion Pillarhead;
②Barhut Stupa;
③Sanchi Stupa, Tree Goddess Yaksha Woman;
4. Gandhara art: seated statue of Katra;
5. Maturra art: Maturra Standing Buddha statue;
6. Achandra Caves.
16. The main monuments of ancient Hindu art in India:
1) Southern temple style including architectural carvings: Kailasanath Temple, rock wall reliefs of the birth of the Ganges River, and bronze sculpture of Shiva, the Lord of the Dance;
2) Deccan temple style including architectural carvings: Kailasa Temple;
3) Northern temple style including architectural carvings.
17. Japanese architectural and sculptural monuments:
① temple architecture in Chinese style: Horyuji Kindo, Yakushiji East Pagoda, Tangshodiji Kindo, Murokuji five-storied pagoda;
② carvings: the three statues of Shakyamuni;
18. The main relics of Islamic art:
① famous mosques: Samaritan's Mosque, the Spanish Cordoba Mosque;
② Palace: Spain's Alhambra;
③ Mausoleum: Taj Mahal.