Mongolian horse is one of the oldest horse breeds in China and even in the world. Mainly produced in Inner Mongolia grassland, it is a typical grassland horse breed. Mongolian horses are not big, with an average height of 120 ~ 135 cm and a weight of 267 ~ 370 kg. Strong body, strong limbs, strong constitution, big head, wide chest, short legs, developed joints and tendons. The coat is thick and complex in color. It bears hardships and stands hard work, is not afraid of cold, can adapt to extremely extensive feeding management, has strong vitality and can survive in harsh conditions. You can walk about 60 kilometers in 8 hours. The tamed Mongolian horse is fearless and brave on the battlefield. Has always been a good army horse.
1, Kazakh horse
Kazakh horses produced in Xinjiang are also prototype horses. Its morphological characteristics are: medium-sized head, delicate and pretty, short ears. The neck is slender, slightly raised, the nail is high, the brooch is narrow, and the hind limbs are often knife-shaped.
Today, the area around Kazak Prefecture in Yili is the Wusun Kingdom in the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty. Two thousand years ago, during the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi sent three envoys, including Zhang Qian, to the Western Regions in search of a good horse. The horse he got may be the predecessor of Kazakh horse. By the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the number of horses sold to the Tang Dynasty in Uighur reached 100,000 every year. Many of them are Kazakh horses. Therefore, some horse breeds in northwest China are mostly related to Kazakh horses.
2. Hequma
Hequ Horse is also an ancient and excellent local horse breed in China, which is often used as a tribute in history. Originated in the grassland at the junction of Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, it is named Hequma because it is located in the Yellow River. It is the largest excellent horse among the local breeds in China. Average height 132 ~ 139 cm, weight 350 ~ 450 kg. Hequ Horse has a slightly larger head, a slightly rabbit-headed nose, a wide neck, a straight trunk, a deep and wide chest and a strong figure, which has an absolute advantage in Lama. Carry100 ~150kg, and you can travel 50km a day. Hequ horse is docile, stable, strong in endurance and quick in fatigue recovery. So it is mostly used for service, and a single cart can pull 500 kilograms of heavy objects. This is a good farm horse.
3. Southwest Horse
Southwest horses are distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. It is characterized by its small size and easy access to mountain roads. Southwest horsehead is big, neck is high, mane, tail and mane are long. Good body structure, developed tendons and firm hooves. Good at climbing mountains and mountains, able to bear more than 100 kilograms, and travel 30 ~ 40 kilometers a day. It is a force that needs transportation very much in the southwest mountainous area. Among them, the famous ones are Jianchang Horse in Sichuan, Lijiang Horse in Yunnan and Guizhou Horse.
4. Three hippos
Three hippos are extremely complicated horses. At the beginning of the 20th century, some Russian aristocrats came to the northeast of China, bringing with them fine breeds such as orlov Horse and Pitching Kama. During the Japanese occupation, thoroughbred horses and British-Arabian horses were introduced. These horses gradually formed today's three hippos by crossing with local horses.
Three hippos are taller than Mongolian horses. They are solid and compact in shape, handsome in appearance, long in chest, muscular, strong in physique, straight in back, strong in limbs and obvious in joints. There are three main colors of coat: beard hair, millet hair and black hair. Average height 140 ~ 147 cm, weight 330 ~ 380 kg. These three hippos are fierce, but gentle. They can resist rough feeding and adapt to a wide range of grazing life. It belongs to the economic type of riding and pulling. It only takes 1 minute 1 0 second to run on horseback. A single horse can lift a rubber-tyred vehicle with a load of more than 500 kilograms and can walk 10 km in half an hour.
5. Ilima
Ili horse is based on Xinjiang Kazakh horse, which is a cross between orlov horse and Dun hippo in the former Soviet Union. Local herders call it "two horses". After 1960s, Ili horse was mainly bred by Dun Hippo, and its blood volume reached more than 50%.
Ilima Ilima's average height is 144 ~ 148 cm and his weight is 400 ~ 450 kg. It is tall and symmetrical, with a small and smart head, big eyes, high head and neck and strong limbs. When its neck is held high, it is fierce, its coat color is shiny and beautiful, and its appearance is more beautiful. Hair color is mainly mane, millet hair and black hair, and there are often white patches on limbs and forehead, which are called "white stripes". Ilima is gentle, sensitive and good at jumping. Suitable for mountain riding and plain service. 126 km long-distance running, with a load of 80 kg, can be reached in 7 hours 12 minutes. This is an excellent Qingqi.
6. Shandanma
Dual-purpose horse breed with mainly carrying. Produced in Shandan Racecourse, Gansu, China, it is a cross between a local horse and Dun hippo, and contains only 65,438+0/4 Dun hippo blood. 1984 was identified and named. Strong, powerful and adaptable to high mountains. The head is of medium size and the neck is slightly inclined. Armor is long, chest is wide and deep, back and waist are straight, waist is short, and hip breadth is slightly inclined. The limbs are strong, the joints are strong, the tendons are obvious, the hind limbs are slightly outward, and the hooves are firm. The coat color is mainly Zhu, followed by black. Average body size of mare (cm): height 138.5, body length 142.3, bust 169.3, tube circumference 17.6. In Qilian Mountain area with an altitude of 2800 ~ 4000m, the average load is100kg, and the journey lasts for 5 days, including running, wading and climbing. 1600m riding test record is 2 minutes 1 1 sec; 5000 meters is 8 minutes 13 seconds. For the contralateral step 1000m 2 1 1 s, the maximum pulling force reaches 455kg, which is equivalent to 9 1% of the body weight. A single horse drives a two-wheeled rubber truck, weighing 500 kilograms, and the speed is 15 kilometers per hour. Genetic stability.
6. Dutch blood (KWPN) is warm-blooded in the Netherlands.
If there is one kind of horse that has become popular as a star, it is dutch warmblood. This is a new variety. The Netherlands began to have a pedigree register in 1958, and now it has become the most successful, popular and popular equestrian horse in the world. Dutch warm-blooded Kyle is said to be a new product in the 20th century, which is different from the warm-blooded horse that existed before the 20th century. It is a warm-blooded horse specially bred for equestrian events. Although this is a variety created by the Dutch, it should actually be regarded as a European variety, because in addition to the Netherlands, there are British, Spanish, French and German ancestry.
The origin of Dutch warm blood comes from two native Dutch varieties, Gelderlander and Groningen. In fact, this is closely related to the local soil. Heldland is in the middle of the Netherlands, where the soil is sandy and the horses bred are relatively light. Groningen, on the other hand, is full of hard clay, and the horses grow heavier. However, the genes of the two varieties are compatible, so breeders often add the pedigree of Groningen horse to the pedigree of Herdrama to increase the weight of Herdrama, and vice versa.
Herdeland horse and Groningen horse have existed in the Netherlands and its adjacent areas since the Middle Ages. Britain has Andalusian horse, Neapolitan horse, Norman horse, Norfolk sports car, oldenburg horse, Holstein horse, Anglo-Norman horse and Hackney horse. Groningen horse is a cross between Danish frys horse and German oldenburg horse.
Since ancient times, Dutch farmers have made a living from horses, and they have established strict methods of raising horses very early to eliminate the shortcomings of health and personality and the lack of intelligence. This strict screening practice has created today's Dutch warm blood. The mechanization after the industrial revolution changed the use of horses to leisure riding and sports, and the Dutch once again successfully demonstrated their farming techniques. The two breeds, Heldeland Horse and Groningen Horse, have some exciting characteristics: gorgeous movements, good infrastructure, elegant quality, stable growth ability and gentle cooperation temperament. The Dutch introduced the British thoroughbred horse to increase its courage and improve its sometimes defects, such as too long back, too short neck and too short forelimbs. Quite light movements are also brought by thoroughbred horses. In order to get rid of the unruly characteristics of thoroughbred horses, in addition to introducing other Dutch lineages, we should also introduce the lineages of French Cesar Lefranc Sias, German Hanover and Holstein to improve the final breed. In addition, Hackney was introduced from England to cultivate beautiful horses, and some people continued to cultivate the traditional Herdeland horses, which eventually evolved into three types of dutch warmblood.
7.Bobma barb or Berber
Bobuma's hometown is in Babari area of ancient North Africa, which is now Morocco, Al Ghiglia, Libya and Tunisia. Today, there are large breeding grounds in Constantine, Al Giria and the Moroccan royal family. The local nomadic people (Tuareg people) in remote mountainous areas and deserts also have a lot of beech horses.
Bobhorse is another ancient oriental horse breed, which has had a great influence on various horse breeds for centuries and helped to cultivate many successful breeds in the world today. Like Arabian horse, it occupies an undeniable important position in horse breeding, but it is relatively unknown and not as famous as Arabian horse. When Baibuma was first brought to Europe, it was often mistaken for an Arabian horse by Europeans, because the residents of North Africa are also Muslims and speak Arabic.
A famous example is "Godofen Arabia", one of the ancestors of thoroughbred horses in Britain. Actually, it's a Burberry horse. This is a gift from the Sultan of Morocco to the king of France, but the French didn't find its value. It was used as a cart-pulling horse in Paris before the famous breeding expert Load Godolphin found it and brought it to England. In a relatively new literature, its name was changed to "Godolphin Barb". This story has been written by Margaret Henry as the novel "The King of the Wind", and won the gold medal of the Newbery Children's Literature Award of 1949, and Hollywood also made a film of the same name.
speciality
Bobma is famous for her strength, endurance, speed and quick response. Especially when it is used to cultivate and improve other varieties, these characteristics are more important. It is not as lively and beautiful as the Arabian horse, and its movements are not light and smooth enough. Some zoologists believe that the bobcat originated from prehistoric European ancestry, not Asian ancestry, and people are still debating whether it is an oriental horse. People always compare it with Arabian horse, and think that he is not like Arabian horse, and his personality is not as gentle and kind as Arabian horse. It is also strong and hard-working, and it is easy to take care of.
External physical characteristics
Beech is a light desert horse. The neck is of medium length, round and strong. Legs are slim but strong and long. Like all desert horses, their hooves are very hard. The mane and tail hair are thicker than Arabian horses.
The head is long and narrow, the ears are of medium length, the bridge of the nose is a little convex, the eyes look heroic and the nostrils are low.
The true coat colors of bobcats are gray, black, chestnut, enamel, dark enamel and dark brown. Only those mixed with Arabian horse blood have other colors. Height varies from 148 cm to 160 cm.