District: Central Federal District
Location: 55°45'N, 37°36'E
Altitude: 130-253 m
Area: 1081 sq. km
Population: 10 472 629 (2007 data)
Mayor: Yuri Luzhkov
Founded: 1147
Time zone: UTC +3 (in summer UTC +3) Luzhkov
Founded: 1147
Time zone: UTC +3 (in summer: UTC +4)
Coat of arms: The magical warrior Georgy, who kills poisonous snakes with a spear.
Flag: Red flag with the city's coat of arms in the center.
Official website: www.mos.ru
Moscow, now the capital of the Russian Federation, is the political, economic, scientific, cultural and transportation center of Russia. With a population of 14,612,602 (urban population: 10,472,629), Moscow is the most populous city in Europe and accounts for 1/7th of the population of Russia. 1,081 square kilometers in size, Moscow's urban area is 30 kilometers from east to west and 40 kilometers from north to south. The city was founded in 1147 and has been in existence for more than 800 years.
Geography
The Moscow Oblast is situated between the Oka and Volga Rivers and is bordered by the Tula Oblast in the south, the Kaluga Oblast in the south-west, the Smolensk Oblast in the west, the Tver Oblast in the north-west and west, the Yaroslavl Oblast in the north-east, the Vladimir Oblast in the north and north-east, and the Ryazan Oblast in the south-east.
Moscow is located in the center of the European part of Russia, spanning both banks of the Moskva River and its tributary, the Yauza River. With a current population of more than 8 million, it is one of the world's megacities and the largest city in Europe. Moscow city is surrounded by a circumference of 109 kilometers of the ring highway, the city is 40 kilometers long north-south, east-west 30 kilometers long, an area of more than 1,000 square kilometers.
Moscow is connected to the Volga basin at its upper entrance and at the mouth of the river, which leads to Novgorod, and extends to the west, down along the Moskva River to the Oka and along the Oka to the Ryazan, and along the Vinzan to the Mukhin, where the Krazim River joins, and along again to the Rostov, Suzdal, and Yaroslavl basins.
Administrative divisions
Since 1991, Moscow has been divided into 10 administrative districts:
Central District (Центральный)
North District (Северный)
North-East District (Северо-Bосточный)
East District (Восточный)
East District (Восточный)
The city is located in the center of Moscow. чный)
Southeast District (Юго-Восточный)
South District (Южный)
Southwest District (Юго-Западный)
West District (Западный)
Northwest District (Северо-Западный)
Green District (Зел еноградский)
Population profile
The October 2002 census counted Moscow's resident population at 10 million, together with a foreign population of about 12 million. The average population density is 7,700 inhabitants per square kilometer, with the central part of the city having a density of up to 29,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. According to the 1976 census, women accounted for 55% of the population, outnumbering men by 774,000 people, and the natural population growth rate was extremely low, at 0.25%.
In 1968 the city was divided into 30 districts (including the new town of Zelenograd, which was located outside the ring road), of which 13 inner districts were smaller in population and area than 17 outer districts. The population was 89.2% Russian, the rest Jewish, Ukrainian and Tatar.
From 1897 to 1926, the population of Moscow increased from 1.039 million to 2.08 million. From 1926 to 1939, Moscow's inhabitants increased 2.2 times to 4.609 million. After the Second World War, the population of Moscow continued to increase, but at a slower pace: 6.133 million in 1959, 7.194 million in 1970, 8.142 million in 1979, 8.875 million in 1995 and 8.972 million in 1989. Since 1989, Moscow's population has been on a downward trend; in 1993 it was 8.717 million, in 1997 it was 8.639 million, in 1998 it was 8.5 million, and in 2000 it was 8.389 million. The census of October 2002 put the resident population at 10 million, and together with the foreign population, it was about 12 million.
The average density of the population is 7,700 people per square kilometer, and the density of the central part of the population is as high as 29,000 people per square kilometer. Women account for 55% of the population, 77.4 million more than men (1976), and the natural population growth rate is very low, only 2.5 per thousand (1976).
Climatic characteristics
Moscow is located in the middle of the Russian plains, the banks of the Moscow River, across the Moscow River and its tributaries on both sides of the Yauza River. Greater Moscow (including the area within the Ring Road) covers an area of 900 square kilometers, including the peripheral green belt*** of 1,725 square kilometers. The terrain is flat, with only the Teplostanskaya plateau (highest point 253 meters) in the southwest. The climate is continental, with an annual precipitation of 582 millimeters, heavy snowfall, an average annual snow period of up to 146 days (early November - mid-April), and long, dark winters. the average temperature in January is -10.2 ° C (minimum -42 ° C), and the average temperature in July is 18.1 ° C (maximum 37 ° C). The city's green area accounts for about 1/3 of the total area, is one of the world's best green city. Overlooking Moscow from an airplane, the eye is the blue sky under the green bushes and clear transparent rivers and lakes, the city is neat and clean. Winters are cold, with lows as low as -43 degrees Celsius. Summers are hot. May and September are the best seasons to visit. The cold period starts at the end of September and lasts until the middle of May. From the end of November to the middle of April there is snowfall, which at the end of winter reaches a depth of 35 cm.
Development
The castle was built in 1156. At the beginning of the XIII century it was the capital of the Moscow principality. At the end of the XV century until 1712 it was the capital and the largest industrial and commercial center of Russia. After the 1860s the industry developed rapidly and from March 1918 it was the capital of Soviet Russia.
From the very beginning, Moscow was built first and foremost with sturdiness and reliability in mind, and at first it was constantly threatened by alliances of nomadic tribes from the south and east of the city, and by Lithuanian and Polish armies in the west. So the allies of Vladimir, Tver and Novgorod simultaneously built strong fortifications.
After the victory at the Battle of Kurinov (after 1390 and in 1480 "Ivan's Three Worlds" Torokora), an elephant Kubukheshumi arrived in Moscow, and from then on the Principality of Moscow grew rapidly. In the fifteenth century, Moscow's population and territory already exceeded that of London, Prague, and some of the largest cities in Europe, and after the abolition of the agrarian system in 1861, capitalism became prevalent in Russia, and Moscow gradually grew and developed into a huge industrial and trade center.
In the nineteenth century, Moscow had more than 20,000 industrial and trade enterprises of all kinds, including more than 10,000 industrial enterprises, with 120,000 workers, and the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises with no fewer than 16 people, but only 2% of the enterprises had more than 50 people.
The majority of Moscow's industrial enterprises are in the textile industry, most of them are in the construction industry, wood processing, food processing, paper, tannery, automobile manufacturing, tool manufacturers, etc.
In Moscow there are more than 20,000 industrial enterprises, of which more than 10,000 have 120,000 employees, but only 2% have more than 50 people.
At the beginning of a century of industrial development in Moscow, a high degree of socialization of production was achieved.
In 1910 about 49% of workers were concentrated in 6% of large enterprises in Moscow. During that time, more than 500 or more workers were considered large enterprises. During the phase of great industrial development, foreign capital industries were heavily involved, and mo all chemical and electronic technology companies were in the hands of foreign consortia. （
After the victory of the October Revolution in 1917, the automobile manufacturing industry (from lathe making to watch making), from bearing processing to car production, textile processing was developed in Moscow, which gave a great impetus to the development of the metal processing industry.
The so-called "stamp" enterprises of Moscow had to withdraw from the automobile industry and from the production lines of electronics, radio technology, and representative production. The production of necessities for the country's self-sufficiency is of far-reaching significance. Moscow became a powerful production and technological base of Russian industry.
During the war years, the structure of the city's industry shifted to automobile manufacturing and metal processing.
Human characteristics
The beautiful natural environment of Moscow provides a good rest for its people. In the summer, people often spend their free time in parks or by the side of the road, or have barbecues and swim in the countryside. When the vacation comes, they go to their dachas to plant vegetables, rest and relax, is a very enjoyable people.
The most national souvenir of Moscow - a wooden doll (matryoshka). It is almost a symbol of Moscow's traditional crafts.
The samovar is an indispensable part of the daily life of Russians, it is a unique symbol and pillar of a cozy family. Moscow has a unique diet. Three meals a day, breakfast is relatively simple, bread with ham, tea, coffee or milk. Lunch is much richer and usually consists of three courses. The first course is preceded by cold cuts. The first course is a soup, Russian soup is more nutritious, with diced potatoes, all kinds of vegetables, and meat or fish fillets. The second course is meat or fish with some side dishes. The third course is a dessert and tea or coffee. According to the Moscow custom, the order of dishes can not be reversed.
Moscow people drink vodka. Bread and salt are used to entertain their guests. In the freezing weather, boots, stockings, short skirts, and a coat of silver or blue fox, is a winter scene in Moscow. But the wind in Moscow is hard, you must wear a hat.
Moscow people are very concerned about the instrument, very clean, neatly dressed. Traveling always bring an iron. Participate in the party, watch the show, Moscow people used to wear evening dress, especially to see the ballet, looks particularly noble.
Moscow people especially like flowers. On New Year's Day or to visit friends have to buy flowers, home also planted some. They also love small animals, such as cats and dogs.
Moscow people use bread with salt to welcome guests, because in ancient Moscow salt is very precious, only used to entertain guests. Bread was a symbol of wealth and status. The bread is usually placed on a tray covered with a delicately embroidered square. It was offered by the host to the honored guest. The guest first kisses the bread, then breaks a small piece, sprinkles it with salt and tastes it as a sign of gratitude.
In Moscow, people like to drink black tea with sugar, honey or jam. The culture of tea drinking in Moscow has a long history. As early as the eighteenth century, some cities in Moscow began to produce tea utensils, among which Tula is recognized as the true capital of the samovar. The samovar is a symbol of Moscow's traditional tea-drinking culture. In today's Moscow, the samovar has become a unique symbol of a cozy home.
Moscow people like to drink, but do not pay much attention to the dishes, just have a drink. Ladies drink champagne and fruit wines, while men prefer vodka. Vodka is a kind of burnt liquor made from grain. A good vodka is high in alcohol content, but it is not easy to drink.
People in Moscow love literature and reading. In the car and the subway, everywhere you can see people reading newspapers and books. Many Muscovites have a rich collection of books at home, and some even have their own home libraries.
In Moscow there are extremely colorful forms of entertainment. One can catch a great show at the Great Petrov Theatre in Moscow, the oldest theater in Russia, or watch a first-class ballet at the Bolshoy Theatre, Russia's top theater (address: 1 Teatralnaya Square, Moscow.). Watching circus and acrobatics at the circus (address: 7 Vernadsky Prospekt) is also a good choice.
For information on what's on, check out the entertainment sections of the Moscow Times and the Moscow Forum, or the free English-language newspaper inserts that are regularly distributed in Western restaurants, bars, and foreign-owned supermarkets.
Moscow International Film Festival
The largest international film festival in Russia (former USSR) and one of the most important international film festivals in the world, founded in 1959. Founded in 1959, the festival is held once every two years, and has been changed to once a year since 1999. Originally, it was scheduled to be held in July, but in 1979, in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the birth of the Soviet Union's film industry, it was changed to be held in August for a period of two weeks or so in the city of Moscow. The main purpose of the festival is to promote the exchange of experience and mutual cooperation among filmmakers of various countries through the screening of films of artistic value and ideological content. The main activities of the festival include: ① awards for feature films, children's films and short films by three juries; ② side screenings and special screenings; ③ various symposiums; ④ retrospective exhibitions; and ⑤ the opening of a film market. Feature film awards were originally divided into three categories: Grand Prize, Gold Prize, and Silver Prize; the Grand Prize was abolished in 1969, and the number of Gold Prize and Silver Prize was increased accordingly. These awards were given to the best feature films, children's films, and short films. In addition, there are awards for the best director, male and female actors, special jury awards, honorary awards, memorial awards and so on.
City politics
Mayor
Current mayor of Moscow - Yuri Luzhkov 1993 (Юрий Лужков)
Duma
Elections to the Moscow City Duma are held every four years, with a total of **** 35 seats
The most recent elections to the Moscow City Duma were held on The last elections to the Moscow Duma, held on December 4, 2005, resulted in 28 seats for Russia's largest party, United Russia, four seats for the Russian Federation ****production party KПРФ, and four seats for the United Democratic Party OOO, which uses the apple as its banner. The United Democratic Party Объединённых демократов, which uses the apple as its flag, won the remaining three seats
Moscow has its own land divisions, population, organs of state power and local administration of the city, coat of arms, flag, and city song. The Moscow coat of arms consists of a crimson shield, 8:9 in width to height, with the knight facing to the right, wearing silver armor and a light blue cape, and holding a sharp golden spear thrusting at a black serpentine monster. It was created in 1781 on the basis of the legend of the Serpent Devil in the "George's Cross".
The flag of the city of Moscow is crimson with the ratio of length to width 3:2, and the Moscow coat of arms is in the center of the flag.
Moscow's city song was written by the musician I. O. The city song of Moscow was composed by the musician I. O. Tunnayevsky on the basis of the poem "My Moscow".
Layout of the city
The Master Plan for the Development of Moscow was adopted in 1971. The layout of the city is strict, in the form of rings and radials, from the inside to the outside of the city are the street ring, the garden road ring, the Great Moscow Ring Railway and the Moscow Ring Highway. Each ring has a different role and architectural style, reflecting the different stages of Moscow's development. Kremlin Castle is in the center of the city, the first Russian state in the early days, and later became the symbol of the Soviet state.
The city **** divided into eight districts, Gorky Street is the city's main artery, but also the busiest street. Lenin Street is more than 50 meters wide and Kalinin Street is the most modern street in the city. Gardens, street gardens, cultural rest parks, and green garden belts abound in the city.
The layout of the city of Moscow is reasonable, with the Red Square as the center, a dozen streets radiate in all directions, a few streets around the city and layer by layer to the city center surrounded. The green area of Moscow accounts for 40% of the city's total area, including 11 natural forest areas, 89 parks, more than 400 small parks and more than 100 street gardens.
The city has a circular and radial layout centered on the Kremlin and the Red Wall, with nearly 4,000 streets and many ancient buildings in the city. Moscow can also be called a huge garden city, with more than 500 large and small parks and nature reserves in the city.
Moscow is a well-protected city, with strict law enforcement on environmental issues. in 1997, more than 300 criminal cases were filed throughout Russia for ecological damage, 150 of which were filed in Moscow. In general, three percent of the budgets of large cities are devoted to ecological protection, but in Moscow it is five percent. Unleaded gasoline has long been in place, but automobile exhaust emissions already account for 88 percent of the total amount of polluted gas, and the city has stepped up automobile exhaust testing, banned cars that pollute beyond the limit, and restricted the import of second-hand cars and the registration of old cars. Due to historical reasons, the 640,000 inhabitants of the downtown area had only 9 square meters of green space per capita, and the city government decided that the city and district governments would each allocate 2 million rubles per year to transform 6,000 small parks into nature reserves, where construction of any buildings was prohibited. in 1998, Moscow Mayor Luzhkov issued a resolution to create eight new nature reserves in the city, including 1,200 hectares near the city's eastern factory district. Izmailovo Forest Pine Garden, the Krelatskoye Hills, where President Yeltsin and other leaders lived, and Sparrow Hill (formerly Lenin Hill), where Moscow University is located. The newly created nature reserves, together with the four existing ones, make the total area of the city's nature reserves 7,200 hectares, which, together with the city's scattered street gardens and parks, make the area of green space*** 24,000 hectares, or about 40% of the city's area, with more than 30 square meters of green space per capita, making Luzhkov one of the world's best-greened cities. As a result, Luzhkov was awarded the "World's Best Ecologist" prize by the United Nations.
Economic overview
Resources
Mineral deposits include lignite, peat, apatite and others.
Industry
Moscow is the largest industrial complex in Russia, with a wide range of industrial sectors, including heavy and chemical industry, with machinery and instrument manufacturing accounting for more than half of the city's total industrial output. The city is also the largest military industrial center, aviation, aerospace, electronics and other industries are concentrated here. The food and tobacco industries are developing rapidly. The total industrial output value ranks first in the country. Machinery manufacturing (machine tools, automobiles, motors, instruments, clocks and watches, etc.) accounts for more than half of the city's total industrial output value and the number of workers, light industry (clothing, shoes), textiles, chemicals, food processing and printing industry is also very developed.
Moscow is a mega-city with a population of more than 10 million people, and an important transportation hub in Russia and Eurasia. At the same time, Moscow is also an important industrial manufacturing center, the total industrial output value of the country's first, a complete range of industrial categories, the total **** has more than 20,000 factories, including a large number of power machinery production plants, as well as specializing in the manufacture of machine tools, ships, and precision instruments manufacturers; at the same time, the city also develops a variety of non-ferrous metal smelting industry, which is particularly developed in aluminum; in addition to the heavy industry, a developed chemical industry, light industry, and the development of the In addition to the heavy industry, the developed chemical industry, light industry, and paper industry were also an important part of Moscow's industry. Before the October Revolution, Moscow was famous for its textile industry and was known as the "City of Fabrics".
The government of Moscow began to build and develop the capital's free economy and free trade zones. The first choice was the Zelenograd Shlemetyevo and Vnukovo districts, as well as the river ports in the west.
Development of the economic banking and trading network plays an important role in the Russian financial market, now there are 1000 commercial banks in the capital, 40% of which are Russian, and 90% of investments and business activities carried out by the financial and trading network in Moscow are carried out on the territory of Russia. Moscow's import and export operations are strongly supported by the customs authorities; 248 customs posts provide entry and exit services.
There are 75 institutions of higher education, including Moscow University, founded in 1755, the Russian Academy of Sciences and many research and design institutions, museums (65), etc. Important satellite towns include Lyubeltsy, Metisch, Noginsk, Zagorsk, Dobolsk and others.
Industry and commerce
Before the October Revolution, Moscow was famous for its textile industry and was known as the "City of Fabrics". Later, it became the largest industrial center in the Soviet Union and Russia, with the total industrial output value ranking first in the country and a complete range of industrial categories, with more than 20,000 factories. There are more than 20,000 factories, with machinery manufacturing and metal processing as the most important ones, and other industrial projects such as automobile manufacturing, chemical industry, textile industry, electronics, aviation, food processing, timber processing, paper making, construction, printing, and so on. The machinery manufacturing, chemical, food processing, and printing industries are well developed, as is suburban agriculture.
The local power station is fueled by natural gas piped in from Central Asia, the North Caucasus and the Volga-Ural region. There is a large gas reservoir and a pipeline around the city. The hydroelectric power stations of Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorky, Samara and Volgograd on the Volga River supply Moscow with electricity via high-voltage transmission lines. There is a thermal power station in the east of the city.
Moscow is also the largest commercial center of the CIS, where the largest commercial and financial offices of Russia are located. There is a national bank, the headquarters of insurance organizations, 66 large department stores, the largest of which are "Children's World", the Central Department Store and the State Department Store.
Scientific education
Moscow is a center of science, technology and culture in the country, with a large number of educational facilities, including 1,433 schools of general education and 84 institutions of higher learning. The universities are best known for the Moscow State Lomonosov University (over 26,000 students). The Lenin Library is the second largest in the world, with a collection of 35.7 million books (1995). Every year 40,000 titles are published and nearly 3,600 journals are issued. There are more than 1,000 scientific research institutions and more than 200,000 scientists. Among them is the Russian Academy of Sciences, known as the center of Russian science, and more than 90 other scientific institutions, including 78 research schools and institutes of art, medicine, education, and agriculture. There are also a large number of research institutes, specialized colleges, museums, theatres, libraries, and branches of these facilities
Nowadays in Moscow there are 72 theatres, 109 cinemas, 31 concert halls, 78 museums, and 142 exhibition halls. Among them, the State Theater, Moscow Art Theater, State Central Puppet Theater, Moscow State Circus, and the Russian National Symphony Orchestra enjoy a world reputation. Among the art museums, the State Pushkin Museum of Plastic Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, as well as the Museum of Arms (in the Kremlin), the State Historical Museum, etc. are more famous.
Sports facilities include 1970 large stadiums (with more than 1,500 seats) and 96 stadiums, including the Olympic Stadium complex with an area of 11,557 square meters, where the 22nd Olympic Games were held in 1980. There are also 65 swimming pools, 2,900 soccer fields, 1,200 gymnasiums, four racing tracks, and 1,600 basketball and volleyball courts.
Medical facilities include 193 hospitals and 1,000 clinics.
Sports:
Due to its special political and economic position in Russia, the city's sports teams in various disciplines are also very important in Russia, and many of them are among the strongest teams in Europe, which have won many honors for Moscow and Russia.
Football
FC Dynamo Moscow
Lokomotiv Moscow
Spartak Moscow
Torpedo Moscow
CSKA Moscow
CSKA Moscow
Indoor Football
Dinamo Moscow FC
Spartak Moscow FC
CSKA Moscow FC
Ice Hockey
Dinamo Moscow Hockey Club
Spartak Moscow Hockey Club
CSKA Moscow Hockey Club
Soviet Union<
Basketball
Dynamo Basketball Club of Moscow
CSKA Blue Hockey Club of Moscow
Volleyball
Dynamo Volleyball Club of Moscow
Water Polo
Dynamo Water Polo Club of Moscow
Transportation and Telecommunications
Transportation
Moscow Well-connected, it is a national hub for rail, road, river and air transport, with electrified railroads and roads leading in all directions.
As the center of the Russian railroad system, Moscow operates about 1/10 of the country's total cargo volume. 9 passenger train stations are located in the city, and a 550-kilometer-long Great Circle Railway has been constructed on the outskirts of the city, about 50 kilometers from the city. The railroad goes to St. Petersburg, Kirov, Kiev, Vladivostok, Kharkov, Donbass, Minsk, Warsaw, Berlin and other domestic and foreign cities, as well as to the Urals, the Lower Volga, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Crimea, Siberia, the Baltics and other regions.
The metro is the largest means of passenger transportation in Moscow, there are 8 metro lines in the city***, which operate over 212.5 kilometers (1995).
The Moscow River flows through the city and has three river ports. The opening of the Moscow Canal, which connects the Moscow River with the Volga River, water transportation can reach the sea. Volga - Don Canal navigation, Moscow became the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea, "5 sea port", the local three river ports 29 million tons of cargo per year.
Moscow, as the center of the CIS aviation network, has four airports, with most European capitals and New York, Montreal, Tokyo and other foreign cities have direct routes, with 97 countries, 122 cities have international shipping business. Transportation within the city is relatively well developed, with the subway and public ****cars as the main tools, and private cars steadily increasing.
Moscow is an important international air terminal. The largest railroad hub in the country (the starting point of 11 railroad lines), the city has an underground railway (opened in 1935). There are canals connecting the Volga River, the White Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea.
The city of Moscow is well laid out, with Red Square as the center, more than a dozen avenues radiate in all directions, and several ring streets surround the center of the city layer by layer. The city has 11 electrified railroads, 13 highways in all directions, the city has nine passenger train stations, five airports, eight subways, subway line network in a radial and circular all over the city, a total length of nearly 200 kilometers, the subway to bear more than 40% of the city's passenger traffic.
The city has the Moscow Metro. The city has the reputation of being a "port of the five seas" because of its proximity to the Moscow River, which is connected to the Moscow and Volga-Don canals.
Sightseeing
As the capital of Russia and the largest city in Europe, Moscow is the political, economic, financial, scientific and artistic center of Russia. There are many places of interest. There are 11 natural forest areas, 98 parks and more than 800 street gardens in the city. The Red Square and Kremlin area is the city center. There is Lenin's mausoleum on the Red Square.
Moscow is a very famous tourist city in Russia, with a high green area, known as the "capital of the forest", and a large number of humanistic classics in the city.
The Kremlin is the palace of Russia's successive tsars, majestic, world-famous, the former Soviet Supreme Soviet Congress and the former Soviet **** production party congresses are held in the Kremlin. The Kremlin Castle has fine churches, palaces, bell towers, towers, majestic architecture, world-famous. In the center of the Kremlin's Church Square, there is the majestic Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the Church of the Annunciation with its staid end-dressing, and the Cathedral of the Angels, which houses the graves of Moscow's emperors before Peter the Great. To the east of the Kremlin is Red Square, the center of state ceremonies, which contains Lenin's tomb, and at the southern end is the Pokrovsky Church (1554-1560). Within the Garden Ring is the main governmental and commercial area, where most of the state institutions and major hotels, stores, theaters, museums, galleries, libraries, and the former headquarters of the Economic and Social Council were built. There are many factories, train stations and freight yards between the Garden Route Ring and the Circular Railroad.
Other places of interest are the bell tower of the church of the Novodevichy convent, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Lenin Central Gymnasium, the Ukrainian Hotel and the Moscow State University. Beyond the Ring Railway are factories and residential areas developed in the 1960s and 1970s.
Sculpture is a distinctive decoration in Moscow, where statues and monuments in bronze or marble stand in many places. The city has 11 natural forests, nearly 100 parks covering about 2,000 hectares, and more than 800 street gardens in the city.
On the outskirts of Moscow there are the Novosibirsk Monastery, the Orthodox Great Monastery of Troitsa, the Simonov Monastery and others. On the outskirts of the city, the new villages of Silver Pine Grove, Khimki, Ostankino and other places are lush and quiet.
Main tourist attractions:
Kremlin Palace
Red Square
Moscow Metro
Tretyakov Gallery
Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
Cemetery of the New Madonna
Museum of the Panorama of the Battle of Borodino
Exhibition Center of the Achievements of the National Economy (All-Russian Exhibition Center)
The National Economic Achievement Center (All-Russian Exhibition Center)
The New Orthodox Monastery of Simonov.
Museum of the Armed Forces
Ostankino (manor house, theater, TV tower)
Arbat Street
Red Square: Located in the center of the city, it covers an area of 91,000 square meters, and its name was confirmed by the Tsar in 1658, meaning "beautiful square". It is west of the Kremlin's red wall and three towers, south of the church of Siri, north of a red brick and silver roof of the Museum of History.
Kremlin: More than 800 years ago, a Russian prince named Yuri? Dolgoruky, a Russian prince, built a castle here, (the word "Kremlin" originally means "castle"), which is the prototype of the Kremlin. Here, the best of Russia's classical architecture and cultural heritage has been preserved, they are: King of the Bells, King of the Cannons, the Cathedral of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary (Uspensky), the Cathedral of the Archangel (Arkhangelsky), the Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (St. Blagoveshchynsky), the Cathedral Square, the Clock Tower of Ivan the Great, the Grand Kremlin, and the Hall of Arms.
Lenin's Tomb: Lenin's death in 1924, the solemn red granite building, located in the center of the west side of Red Square. Lenin's body buried in a crystal coffin, regularly open to the public. Lenin's tomb after the red wall buried under the remains and ashes of Stalin and other famous leaders of the former Soviet Union.
Tomb of the Unknown Martyrs and Alexander Garden: the Alexander Garden, located outside the Red Wall of the Kremlin, is one of the favorite places for Muscovites to go for rest and recreation. Inside the garden, in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Martyrs, built in 1967, there is an indestructible torch, and foreign delegations usually come here to lay a wreath when they visit.
Moscow River: Moscow is 502 kilometers long, flowing through the whole of Moscow about 80 kilometers, the river is generally 200 meters wide, the widest 1 kilometer, take a yacht to roam the Moscow River, along the way, beautiful scenery, a different style.
Sparrow Hill, Observation Deck, Moscow University: Sparrow Hill is a famous scenic area, the Observation Deck is located on Sparrow Hill, facing the main entrance of Moscow University, which overlooks the Moscow River and the cityscape; Moscow University was built in 1755, the University is very grand in scale, the main building is 240 meters high, **** 33 floors, there are more than 30,000 rooms, and some people calculate that, if a person lives in a room a day, a lifetime can not finish. A lifetime can not finish living.
Museums: the main museums are: the Moscow State Calendar Museum, the Pushkin Museum of Plastic Arts (collection of 543,000 pieces of ancient art, more than 3,000 famous paintings), the Tretyakov Gallery, the Museum of the Art of the Peoples of the East, the Central Lenin Museum, the Museum of the Patriotic War (in the Park of Victory), the Museum of the Central Armed Forces, the Museum of the Triumphal Arcades and Panoramas. Museum of Integrated Technologies, Museum of Serf Creation and others.
All-Russian Exhibition Center (the former National Economic Achievements Exhibition Hall): the museum covers an area of 300 hectares, the perimeter of the wall is 35 kilometers long, it is a very large-scale exhibition hall, which displays the latest scientific and technological achievements, it is an eye-opening, insightful place, it is also a scenic tourist attraction. The center's fountain is very famous, innovative and unique design. The first artificial satellite in the history of mankind, the first cosmonauts wearing spacesuits and so on are the world's unique treasures.
Moscow TV Tower: Built in 1967, the tower is 573.5 meters high and is the highest in Europe and the second highest in the world, with the "Seven Heavens" revolving restaurant, and the sale of goods from around the world.