Reference: ebaomonthly/window/travel/chnat/nat3_01#%BCy%B8%60
[edit] Mongols around the world [edit] Language Mongols use the Mongolian language, which belongs to the Mongolian language group of the Altaic language family. Mongolian language group of the Altaic language family. [edit] History During the Han Dynasty, after being defeated by Boldon Monarch of the Xiongnu, the Eastern Hu retreated to the Wuhuan and Xianbei mountains, dividing into the Wuhuan and Xianbei tribes. The Wuhuan declined after being conquered by Cao Cao, and the Xianbei clan rose to prominence. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the Xianbei were mainly divided into the Duan, Murong, Tuoba, and Zoran tribes. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the Xianbei were divided into the Duan, Murong, Tuoba, and Zoran tribes. The Zoran fought with the Tuoba clan of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which ruled the northern part of the Central Plains during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. After being defeated by the Turkic peoples, Zoran was divided into the northern and southern branches. The southern branch of the Zoran fled to the upper reaches of the Liao River and became the ancestors of the Khitan people. The northern branch fled to the area east of the Yablonov Mountains and south of the Trans-Hingan Mountains and became the ancestors of the Muwei. In the Old Book of Tang, there is "Mengwu Muwei" (蒙兀室韦), which is a translation of the same name as "Mongolia", meaning "eternal flame" in Mongolian. Among the Mongolian tribes, the Eastern Mongols came from the Muwei tribe and were the direct descendants of Genghis Khan's family. During the Song Dynasty, the rule of the Turkic peoples on the Mongolian Plateau declined, and the eastern part, including Genghis Khan's ancestors, began to move westward to the interior of the Mongolian Plateau. The Muruwe tribes were called Tartars in Turkic language. The western Mongol tribes were formed in the same period on the basis of Turkic or Turkified tribes. During the Ming Dynasty, Eastern and Western Mongolia were known as Tartary and Varat. [edit] Population and distribution The Mongolian population in China is 5.81 million (2000 census). It is mainly distributed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the three northeastern provinces, Xinjiang, Hebei, and Qinghai, with the rest scattered in Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Beijing, and Yunnan. The Ewenki (27,000) and the Tu (240,000) are also sometimes considered to be branches of the Mongols. There are approximately 2.8 million Mongols in Mongolia (July 2006 count 2.65 million, estimate actually 2.83 million). The main group is the Khalkha Mongols. There are about 1 million Mongols in Russia. There are the Buryat Mongols in Siberia (about 500,000), the Ewenki (considered in Russia to be a branch of the Mongols) (about 30,000 or so in Russia), and the Weilat (containing more than 170,000 Kalmyks and Dolbeids (D?rbed)). In addition, it is possible that the Hazara people (nearly nine million people), who are distributed in Afghanistan and Iran, are descendants of a mixture of Mongols and other peoples of Central Asia. [edit] Yurt The yurt is the traditional housing of the Mongolian people. See also Yurt. [edit] Mongolian clothing Clothing includes jewelry, robes, belts, and boots. [edit] Diet of the Mongols Grain, milk, meat [edit] Religion and beliefs Religion and beliefs: the Mongols believed in shamanism in the early days, and at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Tibetan Buddhism gradually replaced shamanism and became the universal faith of the Mongols, so the lamas and chanting of sutras became the main characters and important content of Ovoo ritual activities. In addition, Tibetan Buddhist rituals are practiced in all aspects of the Mongolian people's daily production and life. The holy land in the hearts of Mongolians - Ijinhuo Luo (Ijinhuo Luo, meaning "Holy Land of the Monarch" in Mongolian, is located in the southeast of the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia, China, and is known as Ijinhuo Luo Grassland. Genghis Khan, the pride of a generation, is buried there, making it a sacred place in the hearts of Mongols.) [edit] Other knowledge about the Mongolian people The traditional means of transportation of the Mongolian people are mainly two kinds of beasts of burden and vehicles. Horses and camels are the main beasts of burden, and the vehicles are lehr carriages. Naadam and men's three arts, "Naadam", Mongolian phonetic translation, meaning entertainment, amusement, is a traditional Mongolian festival mass ***, originated in the early thirteenth century. Horse-head qin is the most characteristic traditional musical instrument of the Mongols, and the traditional dances of the ethnic groups - Andai, Cup and Bowl and Chopstick Dance. The three great historical works of the Mongols: At the beginning of the 13th century, the Mongols created their own script. Since then, various forms of historical and literary works have been published, some of which have been handed down to the present day. Among them, the most famous historical works are "The Secret History of Mongolia", "The Golden History of Mongolia" and "The Origin and Flow of Mongolia", which are known as the three historical masterpieces of the Mongols. Genghis Khan and Kublai, the first king of East Asia, are the most important figures in the history of China and the world, and the Mongolians are proud of them to this day. 2006 was a year-long celebration of the 800th anniversary of the establishment of Genghis Khan's regime in Mongolia. In addition, Mongolian medicine has entered a new stage of development. Medical theory, on the basis of the original preliminary medical theory of ancient Mongolian medicine, continue to organize and improve the formation of the doctrine of yin and yang, the doctrine of the five elements, the doctrine of the unity of opposites of heat and cold, the doctrine of the seven elements of the three obscenities, the doctrine of the six causes of the dialectic, organs and meridians, such as the doctrine of the basic theory system. Emerged Naoerji - Murgan, Zhambula, Ishibara Zhuer, Zhambula Dorjee, Youzhigdandar and many other famous Mongolian medical doctors. Compiled the "square sea", "four manna", "Mongolian medicine canon", "manna of the spring", "pulse diagnosis summary", "Bailu medical method from the new", "Mongolian medicine, Mongolian medicine selection" and dozens of medical masterpieces. [edit] Mongolian people in China Mongolian traditional clothing Part of the Mongolian people in China still retains the characteristics of their traditional culture. During traditional festivals, the Mongolian people still like to put on their national costumes, participate in horseback riding, archery, wrestling and other sports competitions, play Mongolian chess, play the horse-head qin, dance traditional folk dances, and treat their guests to milk tea, milk dregs, fried rice, and hand-held mutton, among other things. Even in the modernized city life, Mongolians pay much attention to the integration of modernization and national characteristics. For example, the new Mongolian gowns popular among the northern city girls retain the traditional Mongolian gowns' simple and ancient features, but are also full of modernization's gorgeous atmosphere. The yurt-shaped decorations and large painted galloping horse pictures and sculptures of galloping horses on the public **** buildings in the cities of Northern Xinjiang distinctly express the style of grassland culture. [edit] Language The Mongolian language in China has three dialects, Inner Mongolian, Balkhu-Buryat, and Weilat. Mongolian script is used; it was created in the early 13th century from the Huihu alphabet, and after many reforms, became the standardized Mongolian script in China today.
Reference: zh. *** /