The transliteration of the word "Mongolia" was first seen in Old Tang Shu, formerly known as "Wu Meng Shiwei". Some people think that the original meaning of "Mongolia" is "skyclan".
Population and distribution
By the end of 1990, the Mongolian population was 4,806,849. Mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, three northeastern provinces, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Beijing and other provinces (autonomous regions).
Historical origin
Mongols originated from a tribe of Wang Jianhe (now the south bank of Ergon River) in the Tang Dynasty in the 7th century A.D., and have close ties with East Lake, Xianbei, Qidan and Shiwei in northern China.
In 840 AD, after the collapse of the Uighur khanate, most of this tribe moved westward to Mount Bourhan (now Mount Kent in Mongolia) and developed into many tribes with their own names. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, it was often called "Tatar" or "Cuobu".
/kloc-in the 0/2 century, Temujin, the leader of the Mongolian Ministry, defeated the disputed tribes in Mongolia one after another and unified Mongolia. 1206, Temujin held a big party on the banks of Monan River to establish Great Mongolia. Temujin was promoted to Mongolian Khan and Genghis Khan. So "Mongolia" began to become a national name. The Mongols immediately unified the north of China. Since then, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, he has continued to explore the west, and successively established four vassal states (khanates): Qincha, Chahetai, Wokuotai and Yier. It has opened up land transportation routes in Asia and Europe, and promoted cultural and economic exchanges between East and West. Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu established the Yuan Dynasty (127 1 ~ 1368) and unified the whole country. The unprecedented unification of the powerful Yuan Dynasty established the territory of modern China and consolidated and developed our multi-ethnic country. In the Ming Dynasty, Mongolians were divided into "Tatars" and "Waci people". In the Qing Dynasty, Mongolia established the "Union Flag System", or compiled flags and set up a presidential system to rule.
Lang.
Mongolian belongs to Altai Mongolian language family. There are three dialects: Inner Mongolia, Willat and Hu Ba-Buryat. The commonly used characters were created by the letter "Afraid of My Son" at the beginning of13rd century. After many reforms of our nation, today's Mongolian language gradually formed. In Kublai Khan's time, he created a new Mongolian word "Basbawen". /kloc-In the middle of the 7th century, Zanyabandida, a monk of Lama, slightly changed the common Mongolian characters and made it into a Mongolian language called Tote, which was widely used by Mongolians in Xinjiang and other places.
Religious culture
Mongolians believed in Shamanism in the early days, and most of them converted to the Gelug Sect of Lamaism (that is, Yellow Sect) after the Yuan Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of lamas in the whole nation accounted for 1/3 of the total population.
Mongolians have made great contributions to the development of science and culture in the motherland. Written in the middle of13rd century, The Secret History of Mongolia is an important historical and literary masterpiece of Mongolians. Song history, Liao history,> This is an important historical record of our country.
Customs and society
Mongolian herdsmen mostly live in round yurts, which is convenient for demolition. Mongols are good at riding and shooting. In the past, they were mainly engaged in nomadic industry, so they were called "nomadic people". Riding, wrestling and archery are very popular among the masses. Herdsmen live in yurts. Agricultural areas are mainly grain, supplemented by milk, and pastoral areas are mainly beef, mutton and dairy products. Up to now, Mongolians have established 1 autonomous region, 3 autonomous prefectures and 7 autonomous counties.
Responder: Wang Wang A Tiao -7 Grade 2010-9-14 20:16.
Miao nationality:
An ancient, civilized and etiquette-oriented country has a unique and distinctive festival at the age of 。
In most areas, Miao people have three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. Fried Baba is the most common fried food. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, Chili bone, Miaoxiang Guifeng soup, cotton vegetable cake, insect tea, scented tea, fish paste, sour soup fish and so on.
Miaoling Mountain and Wuling Mountain, where Miao people live together, have mild climate, and are surrounded by mountains and waters, with large and small dams scattered all over the place. Mainly produces rice, corn, millet, wheat, cotton, flue-cured tobacco, rape, tung oil and so on. In addition, it is rich in timber resources and mineral resources. There are many Miao festivals in Miao history, such as Miao Year, April 8th, Dragon Boat Festival and so on.
Miao nationality has a long history. In China's ancient books, there are records of Miao ancestors more than 5,000 years ago. This is the clan and tribe called "Nan Man" from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Miao people have no written language, and Miao language belongs to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.
Miao people live on high mountains, mainly in agriculture, and the crops are upland rice. Bags, buckwheat seeds, potatoes, beans, and cash crops are hemp, which are generally grown and spun by themselves. Miao people are rich in folk oral literature, such as ancient songs, poems and love songs. Miao people are also good at dancing, and Lusheng dance is the most popular.
Miao language: Miao language is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Due to the long-term contact between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in and use Chinese.
Agriculture is dominant in Miao areas, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and jewelry making are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years.
There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world.
Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.
Interviewee: Piggy hi-level 6
References:
Baidu Knows