In the Qing Dynasty, the royal queen's royal boat was centered on Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace, and its southeast was directly connected to Hongyi Hall in Xizhimen from Yixiu Bridge. Changhe River has become a royal waterway connecting Beijing with the scenic spots in the western suburbs, including Hongyi Hall, Wuta Temple, Guifeng Hall, Changguan Building, Zizhuyuan Palace, Guangyuan Gate, Manjuji, Maizhuang Bridge, Changchun Bridge, Ren Guang Palace, Summer Palace and Yuquan Mountain.
1860, all the Woods on both sides of the long river were burned by the British and French invaders. In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Cixi crossed the long river by dragon boat and saw the coast in ruins. She ordered Yi Xuan, Prince of Alcohol, to arrange the banks of the long river, from Hongyi Hall in Xizhimen to the south gate of Xiuqi Bridge at the southern end of Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace. Two poplars were planted every two feet, and a peach tree was planted in the middle, stretching for more than ten miles, just like two emerald dragons rolling in the clouds of Xia Hong, and willows were in full bloom.
Hongyi Pavilion is located in the north of Gao Qiao outside Xizhimen. It was built by the bridge, so it was named Hongyi Concert Hall. In the 16th year of Qing Qianlong (175 1), the mother of Emperor Qianlong, the Queen Mother of Chongqing, celebrated her 60th birthday. In order to prevent the cold on land, Empress Dowager Cixi took a warm ice bed from Changchun Garden and reached the Gaoliang Bridge along the Changhe Ice Road, and then transferred to Wanshou Grand Car to enter the city. Leshan Garden was built in Ming Dynasty. The original East Palace Gate was Ruyi Gate, so the Wanshou sedan chair could not pass. So Qianlong ordered the demolition of the East Palace gate and the reconstruction of Hongyi Hall. From then on, Hongyi Hall became the royal dock for the Qing royal family to shuttle between the western suburb gardens and the imperial palace.
Textual research on the old news of Sun: "On the west side of Hongyi Hall, there is Leshan Garden, Sanmen, facing north ... Leshan Garden, and the emperor wrote a book. This used to be the pavilion of Prince Kang Garden, which has been decadent for a long time. Qianlong was rebuilt in the twelfth year, and its upstream is connected with Kunming Lake, which is the only way for Longyan. "
Leshan Garden was originally a royal garden in the suburbs of Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was occupied by some eunuchs as private property. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it was sealed in the official land, and later given to Prince Kang (that is, Prince Dai Shan who does not do it). After thirteen years of Qianlong (1748), it was taken back by the Qing court and renovated, and it was still named "Leshan Garden".
In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), the Qing court approved the invitation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce to build "farm experimental fields" on the former sites of Leshan Garden, Jiyuan Garden (also known as "Sanbeizi Garden") and Guangshan Temple and Hui 'an Temple. Because of its convenient transportation, it is the first agricultural experimental field with the nature of a park, which integrates animals and plants. Therefore, at the beginning of its operation, people were constantly flowing and it was very lively. Even Cixi and Guangxu came to the park twice to watch.
The agricultural experimental field is divided into three parts: agricultural plantation, botanical garden and Wansheng Garden. Wansheng Garden is the predecessor of Beijing Zoo today, and was officially named Beijing Zoo on April 1955.
Wuta Temple is located on the north bank of Changhe River, facing the back door of Beijing Zoo across the river. "Textual Research on Old Sun News" records: "In the west of Leshan Garden, there are five halls of Xu Yueda Zhengjue Temple, followed by King Kong Tower, five halls behind the tower, and the east of the tower courtyard is the walking hall."
Wuta Temple was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. At that time, the Indian monk Ban Zhi arrived in Beijing and presented five golden buddhas to the emperor, as well as a model of the fully rigid throne tower built by the Buddha to welcome Muny. Emperor Yongle was overjoyed. He was named the "Big Buddha", given a gold seal, and built a temple for him to live in, named "Zhenjue Temple".
In the second year of Chenghua (1466), Ming Xianzong started to build the King Kong Throne Tower in Zhenjue Temple according to the model of Pandi Tower, which was completed in the ninth year of Chenghua (1473). The stone carvings were exquisite and famous. Since then, the Zhenjue Temple has been formed with the King Kong Throne Tower as the center, with archway, mountain gate, heavenly king hall and front hall in front, middle hall and back hall in the back; To the east is the Palace, and to the west is the tower where Tang Xianzong was born and buried.
In Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid Yong Zhengdi and Yin Zhen, Zhenjue Temple was renamed Zhenjue Temple. Because the King Kong Throne Tower is a square tower with five towers, it is also called Wuta Temple. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the Inwuta Temple was located on the Yushui River from Gaoliang Bridge to Changchun Garden, and was renovated twice. Since then, Wuta Temple is not only a gathering place for chanting in the west of Beijing, but also one of the eight important places for Qianlong to celebrate the birthday of the Queen Mother of Chongqing.
Guangyuan Gate was built in the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (1289), Kublai Khan, Yuan Shizu. At that time, Guangyuan Gate was still an unusable portal bridge, and large ships could not pass. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt as a sluice bridge, which was a beam sluice bridge. Frequent repairs in the Qing Dynasty were the place where the royal family changed ships when they crossed the long river to visit Changchun Garden in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In the Hakka Dialect in Chang 'an written by Jiang Yikui in Ming Dynasty, he wrote: "When you leave Zhenjue Temple, you will lie five miles along the river, with Zhu Lan as Guangyuan Gate, commonly known as Doufu Gate. It is not enough to divert from the West Lake to the east. If you swim in the morning, the river is blocked and the dragon boat is feasible. There are many willows planted in Yuanxi, with bouquets, clouds covering the stream and dragon boats. "
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong favored Queen Bo, imitating the scenery of the water town "deep in reeds" outside the gate of Suzhou, and built Taihu Stone on a large beach next to Guangyuan Gate, planting reeds everywhere, named "Luhuadu", commonly known as "Little Suzhou Reed". The Longwang Temple next to it was converted into a "Zizhu Buddhist Temple" dedicated to Master Guanyin; A palace was also built on the west side of Zizhuyuan, as the residence where Qianlong accompanied the Queen Mother of Chongqing to Manjuji.
According to Zhang's inscription "Full House Red", Full House Red was built in the fifth year of Wanli (1577), which was funded by the company. Located on the west side of Guangyuan Gate, facing Zizhuyuan across the river. Manjuji in Ming Dynasty is a royal temple with the mission of praying for the royal family, focusing on worshipping Buddha and giving consideration to production. It closely organizes the architectural functions and layout around the themes of worshiping Buddha, worshiping Buddha, worshiping prayer and temple production.
In the Qing Dynasty, Manju Temple still maintained the function of offering gifts to the royal family, but at this time Manju Temple has developed into a royal temple integrating palace, sightseeing, gardens, Buddhism, practice and folk customs. Manjuji is just halfway between the Forbidden City and Changchun Garden, and it is the intersection of the land and water conversion of Changhe River and Haidian Imperial Road.
Starting from the Palace or Changchun Garden, it is in the middle of Japan and China. Whether resting in the palace or changing horses by boat, its proper pattern and scale are particularly convenient when receiving the emperor's motorcade. Therefore, in the process of going back and forth to the western suburbs, Manjuji was entrusted with a heavy responsibility and was reused, and the temple was also renovated.
During Guangxu period, Cixi's daily transportation to and from the Summer Palace was changed from the original manpower boat to two small steamboats, Pengri and Hengchun, and the water distance from Yihongtang to the Summer Palace within one hour was 1 1 km. The speed of the parade is faster, the destination and route of the parade have also changed, and the role of Manzhuji as a land and water hub has faded.
Nevertheless, Cixi did not ignore the special significance of Manjuji because of the pursuit of efficiency, but was full of yearning for this temple which carries the female legends of Li Taihou and Empress Dowager Cixi. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), during the 60th birthday celebration of Cixi, out of imitation of the celebration of Empress Dowager Cixi in Chongqing, Cixi rebuilt and expanded Manjuji again.
From Manzhuji, you can see a bridge across the long river. "The clear water under the bridge is sparkling, and the fishing on the shore is heavy", which is called "Changchun Fishing"-Changchun Bridge, one of the scenic spots in Beijing and west eight.
Continue to the South Ruyi Pier of the Summer Palace. The pier and Yixiu Bridge face each other across the gate of the Summer Palace. Yixiu Bridge in the park is located at the intersection of the southern end of Kunming Lake and the long river. It is the main artery of land and water traffic connecting the east and west dikes, the long river and Kunming Lake. It is called the first bridge of Kunming Lake. The bridge body of Yixiu Bridge adopts the same high arch single hole as Xidi Dai Yu Bridge, which is convenient for the smooth passage of imperial ships.
From Changchun Bridge to Yixiu Bridge and into the vast Kunming Lake, the whole "Cixi Waterway" reached its climax.