Dismantling military duties by drinking
After the mutiny in Chen Qiao, although Song Taizu joined the yellow robe, military coups such as abolishing the emperor and changing to the DPRK may still be repeated. At that time, nine senior generals of the imperial army, or sworn brothers before Mao proclaimed himself emperor, or the backbone of the group, made great contributions to the rise of the group and the mutiny in Chen Qiao, and were the founding fathers of the Zhao Dynasty, who combined military power and meritorious service. Great power will shake the Lord, and great power will cause accidents. This powerful situation is indeed a potential threat to the throne of Mao and his descendants.
Mao has a famous saying, do you allow others to sleep soundly beside the sofa? Although this is aimed at the southern Tang regime, it also shows his close service to the protagonist. The Southern Tang Dynasty can be conquered by force, but how to deal with the Founding Fathers of his opponents is very difficult for Song Taizu, who knows all the tricks.
In July of the second year of Jian 'an, Taizu summoned Zhao Pu and asked: Why did the emperors change their surnames to Twelve Kings in the last few decades since the end of the Tang Dynasty, and wars continued? From now on, I will destroy the world, American soldiers and build a country for a long time. Is there any good way?
Zhao Pu replied. Your majesty's foresight in raising this question is a blessing to heaven, earth, people and God. Since the end of the Tang Dynasty, emperors have moved several times, and wars have continued. The fundamental reason lies in the fact that the house is too powerful and the monarch is weak and the minister is strong. Now, the only way to get rid of this malpractice is to deprive Fangzhen of their power, control their finances and recruit their elite soldiers, so that the world will naturally settle down. Zhao Pu words finished before, Mao repeatedly said, you don't need to say more, I understand everything.
One night, Mao Liushi, Shou Xin, Gao Huaide and other senior generals of the imperial army were drinking. When the wine was extremely hot, Mao suddenly withdrew his attendants and confided to them. He said, if it weren't for your efforts, I wouldn't-I wouldn't be where I am today. To this end, I sincerely think of your merits. However, it is too difficult to be an emperor. It is better to be happy in our time. To tell the truth, I-I never had a good night. Sleep in the past year!
hearing this, Shi Shouxin and others asked: what is the reason?
Mao continued unhurriedly: This is not difficult to know. Who doesn't I don't want to sit in the position of my emperor?
Shi Shouxin and others recognized the voice and kowtowed at once: "What did you say? Why does your majesty say that? Now that fate has been decided, who dares to have infidelity?
Mao said, no, although you have a heart in mind, all your subordinates want to make a fortune. Once the yellow robe is added, even if you don't want to be emperor, you will be helpless.
The words were both hard and soft, and the generals knew that they had been suspected, or they would be killed. Suddenly, they were sweating profusely, tears filled their eyes, and kowtowed one after another, begging Mao to give them a chance to live.
Mao said slowly that life is like a blink of an eye. All people who pursue wealth just want to gather more money and have more fun, so that future generations can stay away from poverty. Why don't you give up the right of relief, buy more fertile land and beautiful houses, and build a permanent manor for your children and grandchildren. At the same time, buy more singers and dancers, drink and have fun day and night, and I will spend the rest of my life marrying your children's in-laws. Wouldn't it be nice to live in peace without suspicion between the monarch and the minister?
Shi Shouxin and others saw that Mao spoke so clearly that they had to obey orders and thank Mao for his kindness.
The next day, the Guards, the pro-army infantry, the commander Shi Shouxin, the commander Zhang Lingduo, the former deputy commander Gao Huaide and the former commander Wang Shenqi all claimed to be ill and demanded to be dismissed from the military. Song Taizu readily agreed to let them go to the imperial post and become the place of our time.
at the same time, Mao canceled the spot check in front of the temple and the pro-army command post Ma Ping "ma bu" or horse stance just look. Imperial fleet
Later, Mao really fulfilled his promise of exchanging in-laws, married his widowed sister to Gao Huaide, married his two daughters to the sons of Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, and made his third brother Zhang Lingduo's son-in-law. The monarch never surmises, and wealth is guaranteed. This is the famous glass of wine in history to relieve the military power.
compared with emperor gaozu and Ming Taizu. Who killed their heroes and killed them all? It is really much more civilized for Song Taizu to relieve the rights of soldiers with a glass of wine!
The above story is mainly taken from Sima Guang's Sushui story. Later, Li Dao's long history as a mirror also made detailed records. Later, almost all relevant history books repeated this story over and over again, and few people questioned it.
The earliest record
The earliest existing record of the right to relieve the soldiers by drinking alcohol is the record of Ding Jingong, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the record of Wang Wenzheng made by Wang Zeng, the prime minister of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Ding Wei's talk in Song Dynasty describes the dialogue between Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Pu. Zhao Pu, the prime minister, said to Mao: Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, commanders of the imperial army, have too much military power to lead troops. Hearing this, he disagreed and said, Shi and Wang have been old friends for many years. Are you still afraid of their rebellion? Zhao Pu said that both Shi and Wang are veterans and will never rebel. But they lack the ability to command, and they will certainly not be able to subdue their subordinates in the future. If their subordinate generals want to rebel, there is nothing they can do. Mao is still skeptical, he said. These two people are so valued and favored by the country, will they fail me? Zhao Pu calmly replied, I'm afraid I'm just like your Majesty. How could I lose to Zhou Shizong? MAO suddenly enlighted, and listen to Zhao Pu xiahou _ proposal, only two people relieve the relieving.
This record shows that Mao was persuaded by Zhao Pu to start the proposal of relieving the military power according to Zhao Pu's opinion. There is no dramatic story about lifting soldiers from drinking.
Wang's transcript shows the embryonic form of military power with a glass of wine. He described it this way: Zhao Pu, the prime minister, said a lot, but Mao had no choice but to ask Shi Shouxin to wait for a banquet in the palace. When he talked about the close and happy past, he took the opportunity to say that I am worthy of you and my brothers, and my righteousness is the same as my own flesh and blood. What? What happened to me? However, I have to think about it. In today's situation, it's not as good as choosing a land of geomantic omen, staying abroad, being a hereditary official and paying the rent, which is enough for you to serve yourself. So you can spend your old age leisurely. No, isn't it my pleasure? I have several daughters in my harem. I should marry your son to show the harmony between the monarch and the minister. what do you think?
Shi Shouxin and others got the message and kowtowed to give thanks. So Shi, Gao and Wang all went to the buffer region and were hired by the royal family. After more than 2 years, they are still outstanding.
This record shows that the story of drown one's sorrows by drinking first appeared in Renzong period, but the plot was short. It was not until the year of Sushui Ji Wen in Zongshen period that this story became vivid.
The maharaja, who was almost contemporary with Sima Guang, heard that there were similar records in recent years: Mao ascended the throne, and many towns in Fangzhen fell, so-called ten brothers also. On the last day, we gathered all the towns, gave them bows and swords, rode horses with them, went out to the big forest of Guzimen, dismounted and drank. Fang Shangzhen said: There is no one here. If you want to be an official, you can kill me. The town trembled. Repeatedly told, Voldemort didn't dare me. Shang: Your generation wants me to be the master of the world, and your generation wants to be a minister, so there will be no future. Long live the town.
This story is very interesting and rebellious. It is a bit like Zhao Kuangyin's style of winning the world immediately. Because Sima Guang, a western duel-style forest duel, is famous, but he is unknown.
is it fake?
since 193s, after careful textual research on historical materials, some scholars have strongly questioned the vivid historical story of the right to release soldiers after drinking a glass of wine.
First of all, the transcript only talks about the military power of Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, and there is no such thing as a banquet. In addition to Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, there are several other generals, including General Mao Yan and General long-standing friendship. The so-called relieving the soldiers with a glass of wine is basically because of this. Say Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi, etc. They were all given the right to join the army, dismissing officials first, and at the same time, they put on a big banquet in the old plot, painting sounds and pictures, as if they had lived in their own territory. It seems that the story has experienced an increasing process from scratch, from simple to complex. The farther away from the client, the more vivid and detailed the record. Obviously, it is the result of the writer's constant supplement and polishing to make the story lively and interesting.
Secondly, all three books say that this matter has something to do with Zhao Pu, but their statements are inconsistent. According to Sushui Ji Wen, the relieving power of Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi was decided by Song Taizu and Zhao Pu after consultation. According to the transcript, Mao had no choice but to agree with Zhao Pu's repeated persuasion. But in the record year, it was the result of the planning of Mao and Zhao Pu. How can such a contradictory statement become a final judgment?
Third, the above three historical materials have different opinions on the way out for Shi and Wang after they were deprived of military power. Some only said that Shi and Wang were not ordered to be the main generals, some said that they would go back to their towns, and some said that they were all dismissed from office first. What did they do after they were relieved of military power? No consistent statement can win people's trust.
fourthly, there is no phrase in the historical records of Sushui and Taizu edited by historians in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the national history of the Three Dynasties was compiled according to the records of Taizu and the national history of the Three Dynasties. No, I have no ink on this matter. If there really was such a commendable event at that time, you wouldn't have to look at the records of the Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty.
Fifth, none of the above three books recorded the year when it happened in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, Li Dao, who was more than 1 years later than Sima Guang, said in the year of national history that this happened in July of the second year of Stegosaurus. A close look at the long edition of the continuing education as a mirror found a big loophole. My great-grandmother Du Taihou died in June of the second year of the Sino-Japanese War. From the beginning of June to the beginning of July, according to the practice at that time, it should be the period of national mourning. At that time, the court was not allowed to enjoy themselves, let alone feast. Zhao Kuangyin may not violate this etiquette. Moreover, the story of relieving the military power with a glass of wine tells that Zhao Puzheng was the prime minister, and the position of Zhao Pu and the United States was only the agreement and principle of a committee, which was not enough to conspire with Zhao Kuangyin. His first worship was in two years in Gander, that is, three years after he was released from the army with a glass of wine.
Therefore, many scholars believe that although it sounds interesting, it can't stand scrutiny and should be false.
Counterargument
Some scholars also believe that revoking soldiers' right to drink with a glass of wine has a great influence on the political and military course of the Song Dynasty and cannot be invented. The reasons are as follows:
First, the military power of Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and others was indeed removed after July of the second year of Jianlong. There is no doubt that this is clearly recorded in the official archives of the Northern Song Dynasty, such as the history of the Song Dynasty and the history of the country. In other words, the release of the military power is completely true, and the only thing left is how to release the military power.
Secondly, from the way of view, relieving the soldiers' rights with wine may be as dramatic as later generations said, but if we consider the special relationship between Mao and ten brothers in a society, it is very reasonable to examine it in the special political environment in the early Song Dynasty. Rumors like releasing soldiers' rights with a glass of wine should not be uncommon. For example, the suburban banquet in the maharaja's memoir is almost another version of the relieving power of replacing wine with cups. Although there are many versions, there is only one source, that is, it can only prove the right of relief
Fourth, Wang Zhonghou is honest. He was criticized for making red tape and cutting back on the Queen Mother's in-laws. He is regarded as an upright minister and a man of noble character. The focus of the book is on people, and Wang Zeng's experience and personality determine that his narration in recent records must be more records than embellishments. Ding Wei in the Song Dynasty, although he once worshipped Xiang and went to Erfu, was an immoral man. Most of Shinchan's farce was caused by him and Wang Qinruo. Later, due to the traffic eunuch, he was exiled to Hainan, and the eyes of the ruling and opposition parties were all adulterers. Therefore, Shi Ding's record, although it can't be discarded because of people, will never have a higher historical value than Wang's record.
The funeral period of Empress Dowager Cixi. On June 2, 22, Du Forbidden City said: Quasi-story is in line with the system that the emperor released on the 25th to change the month by day. Du Taihou died on June 2nd. Three years of mourning, calculated by the day, only takes 24 days. From June 2 to June 25, it is exactly twenty-four days. On the 25th, he took off his mourning clothes, indicating that the legal mourning period stipulated by the court had passed. After the liberalization, general banquets and entertainment activities are no longer prohibited except for special grand state banquets. For example, in the transcript, there is a record about the ministerial banquet held in Zhengguang Hall on July 19th of that year. Therefore, saying that Du Taihou's mourning period is from the beginning of June to the beginning of July does not conflict with the price of a glass of wine for the soldiers on duty.
From this point of view, drinking a glass of wine to relieve the military power may indeed have gone through a development process from simple to detailed. But it can not be said that it has experienced a manufacturing process from scratch.
In fact, we can ignore the details of a glass of wine and focus on the essence of relieving the soldiers. In a word, Mao's series of measures to reduce military power and reform the military system effectively ensured the long-term stability of the Song army and completely ended the turbulent situation of military and political chaos. Its effect is self-evident. But its negative effects can not be ignored. In the Northern Song Dynasty, soldiers were lucky enough to protect their full names. After Emperor Taizong, several unknown generals, the only one worthy of praise is Di Qing, died of suspicion. Later, the Northern Song Dynasty suddenly invaded the south in the face of the fierce offensive of the Jurchen nationality.