The word "jianghu" comes from <Zhuangzi. The Great Master>:The spring dries up, the fish are in the land with the two, each scooped up to wet, mutual help to foam, better to forget each other in the jianghu
What is the jianghu? The first thing you need to do is to get a good look at the world and the people in it.
What is the jungle? The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on a new one, and you'll be able to do that.
The jianghu is beautiful, in the late night streets alone waving the sword engraved with their own names, like the wind like dashing, the jianghu is helpless, looking at their own masters, friends and loved ones of the blood of the yellow sands, in order to avenge the ten years of the face of the wall.
This is the Jianghu.
In the jianghu, you can and your favorite couple of double sword, **** play a song "laughing proud of the jianghu".
Or you can rely on your own great wisdom, looking for the legendary secret book, practicing the world's best martial arts.
Or you can open up a mountain and take on disciples to become a revered master.
Or you can fight a sword of your own, kill a man at ten steps, leave no one behind for a thousand miles, and become the legendary lone swordsman.
By the time you've completed some of the near-harsh conditions, you'll be able to worship legends like Feng Qingyang, Zhang Sanfeng, Grandmaster Dharma, Wang Chongyang, and Yang Zao, and learn enviable martial arts skills.
The term "jianghu" was first coined by Zhuang Zi (庄子), from "Zhuang Zi: The Great Master" (庄子大宗师篇), with the original line "When the spring dries up, the fish will be in the land with me, and it would be better for us to forget about each other in the jianghu" (江湖).
The original meaning is: after the spring dried up, the two fish did not leave in time, trapped in the land puddle, the two fish can not move, and each other with the mouth of the foam moisturize each other, so that each other to keep wet.
At this point, the two fish will be reminiscent of the old days in the rivers and lakes free, do not know each other's lives.
And then Gu Long in a martial arts book through the mouth of the killer Yan XIII said: people in the jianghu, can not help it, but also become the world of words, so, the jianghu title for more people to accept, but also has a deeper and broader connotation.
In the end, Mr. Gu Long made a summary of the title of the jianghu: where there are people, it is the jianghu.
True, remember Tsui Hark's version of "The Smiling Proud Wanderer ii Dongfang Bubai", that unforgettable ink landscapes, innocent works, because of Ren Weixing, "as long as there are people, there will be grudges," become heavy.
Tracing back to Zhuangzi, traditionally in the form of allegory to expound on the subtle truth, can be described as an inch of gold.
The jianghu, rather than the stream and the sea, because the stream can not hold more, giving the feeling is more gurgling, clear water, we can not bear to see the turbidity; the sea, and the loss of a huge, fierce and horrifying, the heart only awe, feel discouraged.
Only the river and lake, can really show the mood, the river has a stream of timeless and long, and there is the potential for running Bo, the complexity of the water environment muddy; lake, and the depth of the sea, the infinite life contained in.
The sadness of people, lies in the river and lake.
The etymology of "jianghu"
-- From Chen Pingyuan's "Dream of Chivalry for the Ancient Literati" to the first meta-canon of jianghu culture, "Zhuangzi"
Zhang Yuanshan
Contemporary mainland scholars' writings, if I do not turn over two pages to read them, it is not the case that they will not be able to read them, but that they will not be able to read them.
However, Mr. Chen Pingyuan's The Dream of Chivalry for the Ancient Literati, which I not only read in one sitting, but also underlined a lot of affirmative bars, is a great example of a book that is not only about the dream of a chivalrous man, but also about the dream of a chivalrous man.
The book has a lot to say, such as why a chivalrous man should wear a sword and why the bones of a chivalrous man smell so good, all of which are enlightening.
There are also a lot of great lines, such as "'mountains and forests' are less smoky, while 'rivers and lakes' are more bloody"; - "'mountains and forests' are less smoky, while 'rivers and lakes' are more bloody". 'Mountain forests' belong mainly to hermits, 'green forests' belong mainly to robbers, and what really belongs to chivalry -, can only be 'rivers and lakes'"; "The ideal realm of life of the Chinese literati can be expressed by the following formula -: young chivalry - middle-aged wandering eunuchs - old age wandering immortals".
It's a pity that this book has a not-so-small - embarrassment: words must be called "Jianghu", but failed to find the real etymology of "Jianghu".
A
The book's seventh chapter, "Laughing Pride of the Wanderer," begins: "Talking about martial arts novels, in any case, can not get around '- Jianghu' ...... 'Jianghu' belongs to 'Jianghu'. ' belongs to 'chivalry'; or conversely, 'chivalry' can only be born - living in the 'Jianghu'.
This almost common-sense judgment, in fact, has a deep meaning.
It's just that people seldom probe y into why 'chivalry' must be linked to 'rivers and lakes'.
"This is followed by an etymological exploration of the word 'jianghu'.
Chen Pingyuan's interpretation of the term "Jianghu" is: "'Jianghu' originally refers to the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake, but also - can refer to the three rivers and five lakes in general.
"The crux of this generalized interpretation is that the earliest source he found was the Shiji after the Qin Dynasty: "The Shiji - Cargo Shik Lianzhuan" describes Fan Li as 'taking a flat boat to float on the rivers and lakes.
'" He obviously knew that this could not be the etymology of "jianghu", so he denied it himself: "The 'jianghu' in this context refers to the five lakes.
Therefore, 'Jianghu' means 'five lakes'.
'"
Since the origin of the term "Jianghu" could not be found, Chen Pingyuan's following explanation is not helpful: "In view of Fan Li's transcendent avoidance of the world, later people talk about the term 'Jianghu' again. It is very likely that the term 'rivers and lakes' is no longer just the three rivers and five lakes in the geographical sense, as in Gao Shi's poem 'Heaven and earth, Zhuang Sheng's horse, rivers and lakes, Fan Li's boat,' Du Fu's poem 'I want to send a guest to the rivers and lakes, and carry the sun and the moon with me. ', Du Mu's poem 'the fallen rivers and lakes are loaded with wine, and the waist of Chu is slender and light in the palm of the hand', in which the 'rivers and lakes' are implicitly opposed to the imperial court, i.e., the hermits and the commoners are in the 'world of man'.
This cultural significance of 'Jianghu' is most clearly expressed in the following famous sentence of Fan Zhongyan: "If you live high up in the temple hall, you are worried about your people; if you are far away in the Jianghu, you are worried about - your king.
"[1]
From the Western Han Dynasty's Historical Records, which is not the source of the word "jianghu" (although it refers to Fan Li in the late Spring and Autumn period), to the poems of Tang poets Gao Shi, Du Fu, and Du Mu, which are eight hundred years later, with the words "jianghu" in them, to the poems of Gao Shi, Du Fu, and Du Mu, which have the words "jianghu" in them. "And then to the famous words of Fan Zhongyan of the Northern Song Dynasty about "rivers and lakes" three hundred years later - a time span of more than a thousand years - Chen Pingyuan still could not find the real etymology of "rivers and lakes", because he was looking in the wrong direction.
He should have gone to the pre-History to find it, not to the post-History to find it.
All elemental cultural concepts must be found in the pre-Qin canon before they can be counted, and this should be the basic common sense in the academic world.
Pre-Qin is called the Axial Age because it -provided all the cultural elements of the Post-Axial Age.
As a result of looking in the wrong direction, and there is really nothing to do, Chen Pingyuan had to put the etymology of the word "Jianghu" - the question quietly put aside, back to the "laughing proud of the jianghu" this question: "The Records of the Grand Historian for the ranger to make a biography of - Did not use the word 'jianghu' ...... Tang people to put the chivalry in the jianghu, this point - is very remarkable, basically laid down the development of the road of martial arts novels.
...... Tang dynasty heroic novels - has appeared in the word 'rivers and lakes', and 'rivers and lakes' as the background of the activities of chivalry.
"[2-] From there it goes all the way down to the new school of martial arts novels of the twentieth century, to Jin Yong's novel - The Smiling Proud Wanderer.
Because the etymology of the word "jianghu" is unknown, Chen Pingyuan gives the reader the illusion that the word "jianghu" did not formally appear until the Tang Dynasty.
Second
"Jiang", "lake" two words when used separately into a separate word, as a moniker certainly refers to the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake, as **** name certainly refers to the three rivers and the five lakes, however, the word "Jianghu" is not a word. The term "river and lake" is neither a simple addition of the two proper names "-river" and "lake" when they are interpreted separately, nor is it the same as "three rivers", "five - lake" **** name has nothing to do.
In Chinese culture, "river and lake" is a special meaning of the moniker, - "river", "lake" two words are only lexical elements, can not be a separate word, and can not be separate The words "river" and "lake" are mere lexemes, and cannot be used as separate words or interpreted separately.
- More importantly, the special significance of the moniker "Jianghu" is not an afterthought addition to the term from Tang dynasty chivalry novels to contemporary martial arts novels, but is something that existed in the pre-Qin era before the Tang dynasty: the culture of the Jianghu of civil society as opposed to the temple politics of the authoritarian court.
Therefore, it is not that there is a "chivalry" first, and then a "jianghu", but that there is a "jianghu" of special significance first, and then a "chivalry" that is arrogant. The first is a special meaning of "rivers and lakes", and the second is the "chivalry".
This is because the true etymology of the word comes from the first canon of Chinese culture, Zhuangzi, which has never been recognized as a formal classic by Confucian China.
In the Thirteen Classics and all the pre-Qin texts, the word "jianghu" does not appear - but it is easy to say that there is one, and difficult to say that there is none, so if there is any disagreement between those who are learned and erudite at home and abroad, we hope that they will be corrected.
The Zhuangzi book uses the word "river and lake" in seven places, is the earliest appearance of the Chinese language "river and lake -", in order as follows:
Now the son of a five-stone gourd, why do not you think that the big bottle and floating in the river and lake, and worry about its gourd fall! I'm not going to be able to do that. The first is that the first time you are in the world, you are in the world, and the second time you are in the world, you are in the world, and you are in the world.
("The Inner Chapters - The Sixth of the Great Masters", see also "The Outer Chapters - The Fourteenth of the Heavenly Fortune" for a reiteration)
Fish forgetting each other in the rivers and lakes, and human beings forgetting each other in the Taoist arts.
(The Sixth Book of the Inner Chapters - The Great Masters)
Those who raise birds with birds should live in the deep forests, swim in the altars and land, and float in the rivers and lakes.
("Outside - Shanmu XX")
Which of the above five (two omitted) is the original source of the word "jianghu"? If I may be so lazy as to copy an old passage from my book:
Zhuangzi and Han Fei were two pre-Qin thinkers who were at loggerheads and did not***daijian, even though Han Fei was born only a few years after Zhuangzi's death.
But the immense genius of these two men created two of the greatest forces in China's two-thousand-year history: Zhuang Zi, who shaped the culture of the jianghu, and Han Fei, who dominated the politics of the temple.
-- By the way, the word "jianghu," as opposed to temple, is also derived from the great gourd fable of Zhuangzi's First Journey to the Inner Chapters.
The phrase "mutual help is better than forgetting in the jianghu", which is regarded as the source of the term "jianghu", comes from "Zhuang Zi - Nei Zhuan - Da Zong Shi Sixth".
- Although the two terms are similar, the first one is more in line with the later common term "Jiang-Hu".
[3] The reason why my humble book The Code of Fable only cites two, is that the inner part of Zhuangzi was written by Zhuangzi himself, the outer part was compiled by his close disciples according to Zhuangzi's last manuscripts and observations, and the miscellaneous part was played out by his disciples and by the later generations of Zhuangmen.
And only the first one is directly about people (Huishi), the last four (plus - reworded two) are all objects (fish, birds, foxes, leopards) as a metaphor for people.
Therefore, I think the first article appears the earliest and is the real etymology of the word "jianghu".
Zhuangzi, the godfather of Jianghu China, undisputedly owns the intellectual property rights to the word "jianghu".
III
Chen Pingyuan said, "This cultural significance of 'jianghu' is most clearly expressed in the following famous line by Fan Zhongyan: "When you live high up in the temple, you are worried about your people; when you are far away in the jianghu, you are worried about your ruler.
"In practice - the pseudo-scriptures are taken as the real scriptures.
The words of Fan Zhongyan from "The Records of the Yueyang Tower" are certainly the most famous words about "temple" and "rivers and lakes", but not only is it impossible to be the etymology of "rivers and lakes", but also the Confucian position of "the people" is not the same as "the people". But not only can it not be the etymology of the word "jianghu", but Fan Zhongyan's Confucian stance makes it even more impossible for him to explain the cultural meaning of "jianghu" clearly, and he is bound to distort and tamper with the real cultural meaning of "jianghu-".
The political personality promoted by the Confucian temple is the "gentleman" who is loyal to the king and the people, and the cultural personality promoted by the Taoist jianghu is the "true man" who is proud of the king and his vassals.
The cultural significance of "Jianghu" is not compatible with Fan Zhongyan's Confucianism, so Fan's interpretation of "Jianghu" is totally inadequate.
Fan's "Jianghu" is not the real Jianghu of cultural China, but the pseudo-Jianghu of political China - the pseudo-Jianghu of political China is intended to eliminate the real Jianghu of cultural China.
"Being far away from the rivers and lakes, I am worried about my king" reveals only the humble political personality of the true Confucianists who are temporarily in the rivers and lakes because of their disillusionment, but far from revealing the great cultural personality of the true Taoists who live in the rivers and lakes, who are happy to be in the rivers and lakes, and who are proud to be in the rivers and lakes.
Those "every meal do not forget the king's grace" of Confucianism, even if not accepted by the emperor or out of favor with the emperor and - temporarily in the jianghu, is not a true Taoist, at best, is a pseudo-Daoist, so always thinking of drilling curry - into the temple.
The real Taoist can not be "far from the lake, then worry about the king", but "the sky - the son is not subject, the vassals are not friends" ("Zhuangzi - Miscellaneous - let the king twenty-eight"), "alone - and the spirit of heaven and earth! The only - with the spirit of heaven and earth to and fro, but not proud Ni in all things" ("Zhuangzi - Miscellaneous Articles - the world thirty-three -").