article 1
teaching objectives
1. Try to figure out the elegant, beautiful, accurate, vivid and charming language of the article and learn the author's skills in using language.
2. Through the appreciation of the scenery description, we can grasp the author's efforts to be detached from the real world and the dream world, and the bitterness and helplessness of the soul struggle.
Teaching methods and assumptions
1. Experience the expressive effect of the author's use of various rhetorical devices, and understand the sentences and ponder the language in combination with the context.
2. Clear the author's emotional clues around "light sorrow" and "light joy", taste the beautiful language of the article, and understand the author's rich and profound thoughts and feelings.
First, grasp the train of thought
Moonlight on the Lotus Pond can be divided into three parts in terms of external form and structure:
The first part explains the reasons for traveling: "My heart is quite restless these days", which is the literary eye that sets the emotional tone of the full text; In the second part, from restless to swimming in the lotus pond to seeking tranquility, there is a faint sadness in the faint moonlight: from swimming in the lotus pond to enjoying the moonlight on the lotus pond, seeking a free world in the soul and having a faint joy is the monologue of the author's inner world; The third part: It is to return to the real world, miss Jiangnan, get rid of "restlessness", be detached from things and impossible, and return to the room. It is the author who returns to reality from "dream", but Zhu Ziqing is not a sleepwalker, he entered the "dream" realm in a sober situation, so his experience of traveling at night can be called "spiritual sleepwalking".
Second, try to figure out the language and enter the emotional world
Some people think that the two pictures presented in the article, "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" and "Lotus Picking in Jiangnan", are not related in content, time, place, style and description style, so they are obviously abrupt and broken. Please make a concrete analysis of these two paintings and talk about your understanding of this view.
1. The lotus flowers in the "Moonlight Map of the Lotus Pond" are graceful and beautiful, the moon is bright and clear, the breeze is soft, and the picture is elegant and simple. Extremely quiet, without the hustle and bustle and complexity in the modern American world, the world it symbolizes is free, extraordinary and ethereal, and it is an idealized world sublimated from the "restless" mentality of a generation of intellectuals, or Zhu Ziqing's dream.
Example of picture appreciation:
(1) On the winding lotus pond, the leaves of Tian Tian are expected.
Appreciation: The word "Tian Tian" uses reduplication to describe the connection of green lotus leaves, which not only has a gentle and soft musical beauty, but also reminds people of Jiangnan Qu written by the ancient Yuefu: "Lotus can be picked in the south of the Yangtze River, and lotus leaves are He Tiantian. Fish plays lotus leaves, fish plays lotus leaves east, fish plays lotus leaves west, fish plays lotus leaves south and fish plays lotus leaves north. " The picture in the eyes and the picture of history are superimposed on each other, which is beautiful.
(2) Like a pearl, like a star in a blue sky, like a beauty who just came out of the bath.
Appreciation: "Pearl" describes the crystal-clear and spotless beauty of lotus under the moon; And "Stars in the Blue Sky" describes the dynamic beauty of lotus flowers flickering gently in the long night wind against the background of boundless green lotus leaves. It reminds people of "Spring": "(Wild flowers) scattered in the grass, like eyes, like stars, still blinking." "Beauty who just came out of the bath" reminds people of "clear water gives birth to hibiscus, so it's natural to carve it" (Li Bai), "mud comes out without dyeing, lotus leaves without demon" and "you can look at it from a distance without being ridiculous" (Zhou Dunyi), and you think of Venus, the beautiful god of birth, so that you think of the elegant and noble lotus flowers, and the beauty of ice and jade.
(3) Leaves and flowers seem to be washed in milk, but also like dreams with veils.
Appreciation: This metaphor uses the virtual as a metaphor for the real, and compares the lotus leaf covered with light fog to a dream, which makes the picture realistic and dreamlike, showing the author's state of being immersed in the ideal world. Just as Qin Guan "flies like a dream, and the endless rain is as thin as sorrow".
6. "Lotus Picking in the South of the Yangtze River" is full of red flowers, green water, green leaves and blue sky, with bright and rich colors and warm and lively emotions. The scene of "a demon child and a girl boating with her heart" is an old custom in the south of the Yangtze River, which is lively and romantic, full of interest and shows the rich, innocent and unrestrained human beauty. It is the appearance of Jiangnan water town culture. Jiangnan culture is a free culture, a free culture, a vibrant culture, and a culture where man and nature are in harmony. This is the "dream" in Zhu Ziqing's dream.
Summary: If the moonlight picture of the lotus pond is a beautiful and elegant ink painting, then the lotus picking picture in the south of the Yangtze River is a lively and vivid watercolor painting. But this static movement, one cold and one hot, conveys the same spiritual connotation, that is, freedom, harmony and beauty. Wang Guowei said: "If you have my own realm, you can see things with me, so everything is my color." In addition, he said, "All scenery and words are emotional words". These two pictures are actually the presentation of Mr. Zhu Ziqing's inner feelings, which is exactly what Zhu Ziqing longed for, beyond his "ordinary self" and is a spiritual landscape rather than just a natural and historical landscape. In the description of scenery, the author's feelings are permeated everywhere, which euphemistically and tortuous expresses his depressed mood that he is dissatisfied with reality and fantasizes that he can't get rid of reality. This is how love and scenery blend together. Although it is someone else's words, it expresses the author's feelings.
What the author yearns for is a youthful and lively atmosphere. Contrast this imaginary scene with the lotus pond in front of you. "If there are lotus pickers tonight, the lotus here is too much; It is impossible to see only some shadows of running water. This makes me really miss Jiangnan. " It is impossible to get rid of the "restlessness", and the author's contradictory mood that he hopes to find spiritual relief in a quiet environment is vividly expressed. Although the recollection of the grand occasion of picking lotus in the south of the Yangtze River is temporarily relieved, it is "writing sorrow with pleasure, multiplying its sorrow and joy", and finally he returns to the reality that caused the restlessness, and the author suddenly returns to the reality. However, the constant interference of reality makes it impossible to find a dream. This sad search for spiritual home is the theme of warning people in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond.
Some people think that the lotus pond written by Zhu Ziqing is not an ordinary lotus pond, but a virtual and ideal lotus pond. How do you understand whether the moonlight in the lotus pond is real or the author's ideal materialization?
In the traditional culture of China, both the lotus and the moon symbolize cleanliness and elegance. The moonlight on the lotus pond here is so noble, elegant, free, harmonious, quiet and hazy. It has obviously penetrated the author's deep inner feelings, and naturally it is the externalization of the author's mind rather than the pure real existence. Qian Liqun thinks: Moonlight on the Lotus Pond is Zhu Ziqing's "monologue" when he is "alone"-he is staring at the depths of his soul rather than watching the scenery; Rather than writing down everything he saw and felt, he was constructing a "another world" that he longed for in his heart and was "beyond his usual self"-a strange art world that was opposite to reality. In reality, people are destined to play a certain role and do what they must do. Say what you must say; Here, "you can think of anything and think of nothing", you can do anything and do nothing. This is a world that really belongs to you. Therefore, in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, there are obviously two worlds: the real world in which Zhu Ziqing lives and the ideal world in which his mind rises. Of the two worlds, the dream world is directly presented in the article; The real world is only "occasionally exposed."
Just as in Farewell to Cambridge by Xu Zhimo, he gently bid farewell to his dream of "love, beauty and freedom" (in Hu Shi's language) yesterday, while in Border Town by Shen Congwen, the author also expects to use the phoenix town full of strong local flavor on the banks of the Tuojiang River, the story interwoven with the beauty of love and kindness, which is a "form of life". The natural clarity of the border town is also the clarity of the human mind. The strong pastoral sentiment flowing between the lines shows the author's sadness at the ancient virtues and values in real life, as well as his criticism of the rampant materialism of modern civilization. And the end of Border Town: That person may not come back, maybe he will come back tomorrow. Isn't it also Shen Congwen's waiting? Cui Cui is waiting for her lover, and Shen Congwen is also standing on the edge of hope and disappointment, waiting for the beautiful dream that has faded in reality.
Teaching reflection:
The depth of ideological and emotional analysis of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond will directly determine the final height of the classroom. Professor Qian Liqun said that "the world of dreams is directly presented, and the real world is only occasionally exposed". How to distinguish the "dream world" from the "real world", go deep into the soul of a generation of intellectuals, and understand the potential deep meaning of moonlight on the lotus pond to a generation of intellectuals will be a difficult point in this lesson, but it must not be lightly bypassed, because this is actually the real core of the classroom. Therefore, this class will analyze and discuss the separation in time, content and style between the two pictures shown in the article, "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" and "Lotus Picking in the South of the Yangtze River", and finally understand that the interweaving of "cold" and "hot", sunshine and shadow is a true presentation of the inner world of intellectuals under the pressure of society and life. It is the opposition and entanglement between the "real" world and the "dream" world that shows the bitterness of the writer's soul struggle. This closely follows the core contradiction of the article: the separation of "ordinary self" and "beyond ordinary self"; The confrontation between the real world and the "other world" Not only can you taste the picturesque language of the article, but also feel the hazy and fresh artistic conception, and you can walk into the depressed soul world behind the delicate and beautiful writing. In this way, Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge will be expanded in time, and Shen Congwen's Border Town will follow suit.
Part II
1. Speaking of teaching materials:
Moonlight on the Lotus Pond is the first article in Unit 1 of Compulsory Chinese 2, a standard experimental textbook for senior high schools. This article is actually the first lyric prose that students come into contact with in senior high schools. In this essay, the author gives us a beautiful picture of the moonlight lotus pond against each other. The language is beautiful and elegant, which is a beautiful article, and it is also a reserved article in senior high school Chinese textbooks over the years. Therefore, its importance is self-evident.
For this article, I firmly hold the key point of unit learning, that is, "overall perception, trying to figure out the language", and design the teaching content of three classes: the first class is overall perception, sorting out clues; The second class is to ponder the language and taste the beauty of language; The third class is to go into the author's mind and experience the author's inner feelings.
Second, talk about teaching objectives:
1. Moral education objectives: This article was written in 1927, when Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution and China was plunged into darkness. Read the text to understand the reason why the author is "quite restless" in his heart, and learn from the author's noble feelings and noble quality of never colluding with the dark forces.
2. Knowledge objective: This article is cleverly conceived. The lotus pond is written under the moon, and the moonlight is written on the lotus pond. The author skillfully combines the description of lotus pond with the description of moonlight, highlighting the beauty of elegant, hazy and quiet artistic conception. Beautiful language and proper use of metaphor and synaesthesia are a major feature of this article. Learn from this article to understand the expressive force of this article's language and artistic skills.
3. Ability goal: to cultivate students' ability to appreciate literary works. Be able to judge what synaesthesia is and appreciate the beauty of this metaphor.
Third, talk about the key points and difficulties:
1. Teaching key points:
(1) Through 4-5 paragraphs of appreciation, appreciate the beauty of the moonlight in the lotus pond, taste the beautiful language of the article, and educate students on literary aesthetics.
(2) Understand the author's state of mind in the turbulent years and his feelings of leading an honest and clean life and longing for a free and beautiful life in special times.
2. Teaching difficulties:
(1) The reason why the author has a "rather restless" mood.
(2) The role of the author in writing about the old customs of picking lotus in Jiangnan.
Fourth, teaching method:
This paper belongs to the prose appreciation unit, focusing on teaching students the methods of appreciation. The so-called appreciation, Marx once explained that "the passivity understood in a human way is a kind of self-enjoyment." Teachers use appropriate teaching methods to excavate, awaken and inspire students to understand the beauty of the article, guide students into the heart and mind of the article, and make appreciation a real enjoyment. This paper is going to adopt the teaching method of combining explanation, heuristic and reading aloud. The reasons are: this is an intensive reading text, focusing on the method of training students' intensive reading. The students in vocational secondary schools have poor learning foundation and low understanding of knowledge, so the teaching method of explanation is adopted; When entering the technical secondary school, we should pay attention to the training and cultivation of students' thinking quality, the training of students' thinking methods, especially the cultivation of students' creative thinking, so we adopt heuristic teaching to let students solve problems through their own thinking; This paper has a beautiful language. From the perspective of cultivating students' sense of language, this paper adopts the teaching method of reading aloud.
5. Speaking and learning method:
1. Emotional experience method has emotional reading. Only by experiencing feelings can we fully express these feelings, and only by fully expressing these feelings can we fully understand the author's feelings. This is the dual function of "emotional experience" and "emotional reading" in emotional reading.
2. Self-experience French-Chinese language is characterized by fuzziness. Some sentences have different understanding of semantics and feelings because of their different life experiences, understanding levels and cognitive abilities. Therefore, teachers should respect students' individual experience, give full play to students' main role in reading aloud, and cultivate students' ability to acquire knowledge and master learning methods by themselves.
3. Feel the images presented in the works by reading the language, and then feel the author's thoughts and feelings.
VI. Talking about the teaching process:
(1) Introducing new lessons:
We often say that "a good beginning is half the battle", so I use multimedia to show the poems about lotus flowers and moonlight written by scholars of all ages (for example, Yang Wanli's poem "Seeing the Woods at Dawn in Jingci Temple" wrote: "The lotus leaves are infinitely bright in the next day, and the lotus flowers are red in the sun." It describes the lotus. When it comes to lotus, we will also think of the "Love Lotus" written by Zhou Dunyi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, and its character of "emerging from the mud without dyeing, rippling without demon", its unpretentious charm and its natural beauty. The poems describing the moonlight are: Wang Wei's an autumn evening in the mountains, moonlight in its groves of pine, stones of crystal in its brooks, and lingering Liu Yong: "Where do you wake up from the wine tonight? There is a breeze in Yang Liuan." These familiar poems stimulate students' interest in learning. ) with illustrations accompanied by national light music, such as the guzheng music of "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", to create an atmosphere and give students a