What event does the Babylonian Captivity refer to?

From 597 to 538 BC, the Kingdom of Judah was twice conquered by King Nebuchadnezzar II, King of the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom, and a large number of people, artisans, priests, and members of the royal family were taken into captivity in Babylon. It was only after the destruction of Babylon by Cyrus, King of Persia, in 538 B.C., that the Jews in captivity were allowed to return to their homeland. This history had a great impact on the Reform of Judaism.　　In 538 BC, Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire, easily captured the ancient city of Babylon without a fight. He issued a proclamation releasing the Jews to return to their homeland and allowing them to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem. More than 42,000 Jews returned to Jerusalem on this ****. Cyrus also gave the chiefs of the Jews 5,400 pieces of gold and silver vessels that Nebuchadnezzar II, king of the new Babylonian kingdom, had plundered from the Temple of the LORD in Jerusalem and placed in the Babylonian temple to bring back.　　How were the Jews captured in Babylon?　　Between Syria and Egypt there is a narrow hilly country. It is bounded on the east by the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, and on the west by the Mediterranean Sea. The original name of this place was Canaan. Later, a maritime people (the tribes of the Mediterranean coast), the Philistines, captured this area and settled here. The ancient Greeks called the land of the Philistines "Palestine", meaning "the country of the Philistines". The name was then changed to Palestine.　　Palestine was originally inhabited by Semitic-speaking Canaanites and other tribes. Later, a nomadic Semitic-speaking tribe, the Hebrews, later known as the Jews, gradually moved into Palestine from the east, and after a long period of conflict with the Canaanites, they gradually mixed and intermingled. Of these, the Israelite tribes lived in the north and the Jewish tribes in the south.　　During the 200 years of the 12th and 11th centuries B.C., the Philistines were attacked by the Greeks and migrated across the sea to live in Canaan. The Hebrews fought long and bitter wars with the Philistines. In the 11th century BC, King David of Judah unified the Jewish tribes and established the Kingdom of Israel-Judea. Later, he drove out the Philistines and captured Jerusalem from the Canaanites and made it the capital of the Israelite-Jewish Kingdom. From then on, Jerusalem became the holy city of the Jews in Israel.　　After David's death, his son Solomon assumed the throne. At this time, the power of the Israelite-Jewish Kingdom was further developed. The luxurious palaces and the Temple of Jehovah, which had been built on Mount Zion in Jerusalem since the time of David, were completed by this time. The Jews regarded Mount Zion as a holy mountain and called upon the Jews scattered throughout the world to "gather around Mount Zion". This is where the term "Zionism" (meaning "Zionism") comes from. However, conflicts within the kingdom were also developing during this period.　　In the 10th century B.C., shortly after the death of Solomon, the Israelite-Jewish kingdom split. In the north was the Kingdom of Israel, with its capital in Samaria; in the south was the Kingdom of Judah, still with Jerusalem as its capital. In 722 BC, Sargon II, King of the Assyrian Empire, captured Samaria, the capital of the Kingdom of Israel, taking more than 27,000 people captive and relocating the inhabitants of other regions to Israel. The Kingdom of Israel, which had existed for about 200 years, then disappeared from history.　　Faced with the attack of the Assyrian Empire, the king of the Kingdom of Judah was very alarmed. So, with humble words and generous gifts, he preserved his throne as king at the cost of 24 tons of gold and became a vassal of the Assyrian Empire. After this, there was only 1 kingdom of Hebrews left in Judea, and so the Hebrews came to be known as the Jews. The kingdom of Judea continued to exist until the beginning of the Roman rule. During that time, it was also plagued by many disasters, ancient Egypt, the New Babylonian Kingdom, the Persian Empire, Alexander's Empire, and Western Rome had conquered it. In particular, King Nebuchadnezzar II of the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom destroyed the Kingdom of Judah in 597 and 586 BC by capturing Jerusalem twice. He ordered all the nobles, priests, merchants, and artisans of the Jews to be taken as prisoners and escorted in groups to the city of Babylon, leaving only some of the poorest of the poor to remain in Jerusalem, repairing their vineyards and cultivating their fields. This is the "Babylonian Captivity" in Jewish history.　　After the Jews were taken into Babylonian captivity, Jerusalem was left in ruins, the surrounding walls were destroyed, the temple and the royal palace were set on fire, and all the gold, silver, and bronze vessels in the city were taken to Babylon. After a few dozen years, Cyrus destroyed the Neo-Babylonian kingdom before releasing them back to Jerusalem to rebuild their homes.　　The Jews have suffered since they appeared on the dance of history. It is said that they had settled in Egypt for hundreds of years and suffered so much that they fled out of Egypt under the leadership of a leader named Moses. Again, they drifted for many years in the desert region of the Sinai Peninsula. Later, they fought long battles with the Canaanites and the Philistines, and suffered decades of captivity as their country was destroyed and they were slaughtered. The Jews, honed by the hardships of life, fantasized about a "savior" who would save them from the fire and help them restore their nation. They believed in Jehovah as the only true God, who is the master of all things in the universe. This is Judaism. The Jews believed that the wicked would surely be punished by Jehovah (God) and that a savior would surely come. They wrote down the relevant myths, legends, poems, history, the Ten Commandments of Moses, and the sayings of the "prophets" (some folk monks who had connections with the lower and middle classes of society) and compiled them into the Bible. The Bible was the classic of Jewish worship. Later, after the rise of Christianity, it accepted this Bible and called it the Old Testament (i.e., the Old Testament). At the same time the new Christian sermon was called the New Testament (i.e., the New Testament).　　Jews have had a significant religious influence, and Israeli Jews scattered throughout the world have made their strong belief in Judaism the basis of their national identity. Jerusalem is a holy site for Judaism, as well as for Christianity and later for Islam. The followers of each of these 3 religions see Jerusalem as their holy city according to the religious lore they believe in.