In China, the main uses of jujube are fresh jujube, dried jujube and processed candied jujube. Different uses have different requirements for varieties, so how to grow dates?
1, site selection
In the process of jujube cultivation, the choice of orchard is very important and will directly affect the cultivation effect.
In the process of choosing a garden, we should first consider the lighting conditions, soil and irrigation and drainage conditions in this area.
In general, jujube trees are suitable for planting and cultivation in sandy soil, which is well ventilated and has a PH below 8.2.
Good irrigation conditions and abundant water sources can lay a good foundation for the growth of jujube trees.
In practice, if jujube trees are planted by furrowing, the north-south furrowing method is usually chosen to ensure sufficient light.
2. Selection of varieties
Taking Hetian area in southern Xinjiang as an example, the jujube industry in this area is very developed, and there are many kinds of jujubes, such as Jinling Round Jujube, Junzao and Hetianzao.
In the process of selecting jujube varieties, it is generally necessary to comprehensively consider the climatic conditions, precipitation and topographic conditions in the planting area to ensure the survival rate of jujube cultivation.
3. Application of base fertilizer
After determining the cultivated varieties and building the jujube orchard, fertilization is generally needed to provide a superior growth environment for the growth of jujube trees and accelerate their growth and development.
In the process of jujube planting, fertilizers are mainly mixed fertilizers and farmyard manure.
The grower is required to decompose the fertilizer according to the actual situation, and then apply it in the circular furrow, thus greatly improving the soil fertility.
Step 4 plant
The planting time of jujube trees is generally in the middle of April every year, and the relevant growers dig ditches after selecting the planting varieties and determining the planting area. Generally, the width, height and depth of the ridge are 30cm, 30cm and 10cm respectively, and the width of the bottom and mouth of the protective belt should be kept at 100cm and 120cm respectively.
At the same time, a pit will be dug in the ditch with a depth of 80cm and a diameter of about 60cm. After that, customs duties and fertilization were carried out in the pit to plant jujube trees. In this process, the row spacing and column spacing should be kept at about 2m and1.5m..
5. Seedling quality
Selecting seedlings is also very important. Usually, it is necessary to choose seedlings with short internodes and developed roots, and at the same time ensure the purity of varieties.
The length of the main root system, the height and thickness of seedlings should generally be controlled at 30 cm, 70 cm and 0.8 ~ 65 0.5 cm. ..
Control the length and number of lateral roots to ensure the integrity of the root system.
Step 6 plant
Before planting jujube trees, irrigation must be carried out, and the basic principle of "deep digging and potential planting" should be followed to provide jujube trees with sufficient organic fertilizer.
In the process of planting, it is necessary to put the treated seedlings in into the pit, then tamp them, and bury them in the soil after ensuring the smooth root system of jujube trees, and strictly control the depth of burial.
In the process of planting, the temperature should be kept at about 65438 08℃, and then it should be dried, and the height should generally be kept at about 60cm. The wound should be treated and wrapped with plastic film to avoid water loss.
7. Irrigation
Water the fruit trees after planting. From the first ten days of May to the middle ten days of August, the irrigation times shall be determined after comprehensive consideration of soil moisture.
In general, the number of irrigation should be kept at about 6 times, and irrigation should be carried out in the evening or early morning.
The above are the planting techniques of jujube. There are many varieties of jujube. Fresh food requires thin skin, crisp and juicy meat, sweet and sour, and delicious raw food.
Dried varieties require thick peel, dense meat, high sugar content, low water content and fast drying speed.
The variety of processed candied dates requires large and neat fruit shape, small pit, thin skin, less succulent juice and low sugar content.
Farmers can choose jujube varieties according to their own production purposes and main uses.