Romantic ballet was a new style of ballet that emerged after the influence of the Romantic movement.
The Romantic movement was a new literary trend that emerged in Europe and North America from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, aiming at overthrowing the dominance of classicism in the field of literature and art, and glorifying emotion, worshipping nature, approaching the people, opposing rationality, and scornful of formalism. Romanticism began in literature and reflected the disappointment with bourgeois change. The industrial revolution as well as the suffering brought to the populace by the war. The Romantics used literature and art to paint a picture of a beautiful, empty world that was completely different from real life. The art of ballet, to a certain extent, also reflects this political movement. This is reflected in the fact that dancers are free from constraints, pursue more personal freedom, and express and display their emotions and imaginations to the fullest.
Influenced by the Romantic movement, the art of ballet formed its own unique style, namely: light and airy, passionate and unrestrained, delicate performance, skillful, sincere and full of vitality.
Romantic ballet is the "golden age" in the history of ballet development, in terms of dance technique, choreography and performance form have experienced a brilliant stage. Nymphs", "Giselle", "Esmeralda", "Pirates" and other choreography, creating a number of ballet talents, such as Perrault, Bournonville, Tanioni, Elsler and so on. The characteristics of ballet in this period are summarized as follows:
1, changes in content and subject matter. Transcendental nymphs and ghosts replaced the characters in myths and legends and ancient heroic stories. Reflecting a mood of dissatisfaction and disappointment with reality, a pursuit of transcendence of the earthly to another world of love, or death to get rid of the disappointment of reality, or an unrealistic pursuit instead of the desire for life. Representative works include The Nymphs (1832) and Giselle (1841). Giselle" brought together the French style and became the pinnacle of Romantic ballet, after which a combination of Romanticism and realism gradually emerged.
2. There was a significant development in both dance technique and performance, with pointe technique emerging as an important factor in the means of expression of female dancers, and men's dancing technique further improved.
3. In the form of performance, the lighting of gas lamps and the big curtain were adopted, and the ballet costumes and dancing shoes were reformed to produce a poetic and light style.
The golden age of Romantic ballet was extremely short-lived, from the 1830s to the 1840s, with stagnation and withering occurring in just over 10 years. From the second half of the 19th century, the center of European ballet gradually moved to Russia.
The themes of Romantic ballet were mostly chosen from ancient Greek and Roman myths and legends and the works of Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe, Heine and other literary figures. On behalf of the Romantic ballet dance drama are "Nymphs", "Giselle", "Gerberia".
The Nymphs, premiered in 1832, the dance drama shows the Scottish tone year farmer James before the engagement and the forest nymph - Sylphida met in a dream. They love each other, he left his original fiancée. Leaving with the fairy. Soon after, James found it difficult to keep the fairy and took the advice of a witch and wrapped a long gauze around the fairy's waist, as a result of which two of the fairy's wings fell off and she died immediately. At this point James' fiancée agreed to James' friend's marriage proposal, the wedding procession passed by James, see this situation, James very remorse, and finally fainted to the ground.
The plot of this dance drama and the previous ballet plot is different, the past ballet plot is often accustomed to a happy ending, carnival dance to the end, and the "Fairy" is the end of the melancholy and sad scene. It leaves room for infinite reminiscence. The success of this dance drama is that it realizes the change of romanticism dance drama, it is whether in the storyline, dramatic structure and stage set, character costumes, dance performance skills, etc., compared to the previous ballet has a big breakthrough.
In this dance drama, the most prominent contribution is that the female ballerina stood on her toes and wore translucent white tulle. The white tulle skirt was later preserved as a symbol of Romantic ballet. In addition, the new design of "flight", "big jump" and other elegant dance shape, rich in the vocabulary of classical ballet.
Giselle is another important work of Romantic ballet. The structure of this dance drama and the structure of the "nymphs" is more or less the same, but also to the end of the melancholy and sad scene. Dance drama shows an innocent and pure peasant girl Giselle fell in love with the young count disguised as a peasant, they are passionately in love, then came a team of court nobles hunting party, which has the young count's fiancée and her mother, has been secretly in love with Giselle's forest keeper Hans with a sword and clothes to expose the count, Giselle was struck by the blow, the spot gas dead, the second act, the count in front of the tomb of Giselle sorrowful penitence, the female ghosts The female ghosts surround the Count and want to punish him, at this time, Giselle stands up and protects the Burgundy. At dawn, the female ghosts left, leaving the Count alone on the ground in the wilderness.
The choreographer created two worlds in Giselle, one on earth, one in the world of God, celebrating the theme of truth, goodness and beauty. The characters in the play on the dance design also used a strong contrast, the positive characters Giselle jumped is light, smooth, beautiful, elegant classical ballet dance movements, the forest keeper jumped is ugly folk dance, the count in the first act is mainly a pantomime dance movements, the second act used mu classical ballet movements, accurately expresses the innermost feelings of the count strengthened love The second act uses mu classical ballet movements, which accurately expresses the inner feelings of the Count and strengthens the infectious nature of love tragedy.
"Giselle" in today's world is still the world's ballet whether the repertoire, China's Central Ballet, Liaoning Ballet have performed this dance drama, and by the majority of the audience's favorite.
"Gebeli Ji" is the last typical representative of the Romantic period, its most prominent feature is the opening of the puppet theme of the ballet.
The plot of "Gebelia" is: in the square of a small village in Galicia, the young girl Swannida came to the door of the neighbor's house of the old man Geppelius. She suddenly saw a bright girl sitting on the balcony is reading. She remembered that this was the "enigmatic" Gabrielle, who did not go out. At that moment, the young girl's lover Franz also came here and flirted with the girl on the balcony, which caused Swannida's resentment, and she turned her head back to the house. Old man Gepelius walks onto the balcony and pushes Gerberia, who is in a wheelchair, into the house, and Franz comes back to the square and apologizes to his fiancée for the zap, and Swannida runs away.
The mayor announces that the next day celebrates the Great Bell Ceremony, and he takes a look at a sheaf of wheat and says that whoever shakes it will get a dowry. Swannida joins Franz in a duet dance of shaking the sheaf of wheat.
Gepelius walks out of his house and he loses his key at the door. Swannida picks up the key and burrows into the room with her girlfriends, they realize that the beautiful Gemplia turns out to be a doll, Swannida decides to tease Gepelius and Franz, she changes into the puppet's clothes and pretends to be Gemplia, at this time the old man comes back, and Franz curiously climbs in from the wall, the old man gets Franz drunk with wine, then the old man recites an incantation to the disguised Gemplia according to the magic book, and the disguised Gemuria begins to spin, she teases the old man and makes all the puppets dance, causing chaos in the old man's house, and finally, Swannida escapes by dragging Franz with her. The next day, the village holds a ceremony for the installation of the great bell, and the villagers run to watch, and the mayor gives out gold coins to the newlyweds Gu, when old man Gerpelius arrives in a rage, demanding compensation for the damages, and Swanida gives him the gold coins to settle the matter.
The G?peligi is a magnificent, hilarious dance-drama. There are many separate dance sequences in this dance drama such as the Clock Dance, the Aurora Dance, the Prayer Dance, the Textile Dance, the Wedding Dance, the War Dance, the Peace Dance and the Gallop Dance. It is a representative of the new dance theater on the subject of puppets.
Modern ballet, a popular form of dance. Nowadays, people's understanding of classical ballet and modern ballet is generally based on the dividing line between the influence of modern artistic trends on ballet that occurred in the early 20th actuality. Before this time, ballet is to follow the original city of ballet norms also style characteristics, are considered to be classical ballet. Many of the ballets produced nowadays are different in their choice of subject matter and innovative in their form. And then from other similar types of dance to absorb or borrow the dance words and expression, the formation of the difference between the classical ballet style, which is the modern ballet. For example, "The Red Detachment of Women" is labeled as a modern ballet because it depicts the story of China in the 1930s and reflects modern life. On the basis of classical ballet, there is also a big change in the use of symphonic choreography of "symphonic ballet" representative of the "Serenade", "Concerto", mainly absorbing the modern dance choreography and techniques. Modern ballet is a combination of ballet and modern dance. In the ballet into the modern elements. For example, classical ballet & lt; & lt; Swan Lake & gt; & gt; mainly plot-based, while modern ballet to express the inner feelings. The modern ballet is based on the expression of inner feelings, psychological activities, mostly abstract art.
Modern Dance (Modern Dance), is the beginning of the 20th century in the West and the rise of classical ballet opposed to a dance school. Its main aesthetic point of view is to oppose the classical ballet of the old-fashioned, detached from the phenomenon of a Xin life and the pure pursuit of skills of the formalist tendency, and advocate to get rid of the classical ballet is too rigid action program of the bondage to the laws of natural movement of the dance movement, free to express the true feelings of the human being, and emphasize that the art of dance should be reflective of the life of the modern society. Its most distinctive feature is to reflect the contradictions of modern western society and people's psychological characteristics, so it is called modern dance. American modernist choreographer Helen Tommins summarized the distinctiveness of modern dance as follows: "There is no universal law, and every artist is creating his own code." Its founder, recognized as American choreographer Isadora? Isadora Duncon (1877^-1927 ), believed that the practice of classical ballet resulted in the deformed development of the human body. She longed for primitive simplicity and natural innocence, and advocated that "the dancer must unite the body with the soul, and the physical movement must be developed into the natural language of the soul," and that she should express her inner feelings sincerely and naturally. It was the Hungarian Rudolf VonLa (Rudolf VonLa) who systematically established a complete theory and training system for the Modern Dance School. La (RudolfVonLaban, 1877-1968), he created a training method known as the natural law, the composition of the human body movement is summarized as "cut, pressure, punch, twist, slide, flash, point to hit, floating" and other eight elements, that the correct treatment of the relationship between the various elements, you can form a variety of He believed that by correctly handling the relationship between each element, a variety of movements could be formed. The "Laban Dance Score" created by him is still one of the most influential dance scores in the world. Duncan's contemporary, Ruth St. Denis, was one of the most influential dancers in the world. Ruth St. Denis (1877 ^-1968) is the pioneer of modern dance in the United States, she widely absorbed the dance cultures of Egypt, Greece, India, Thailand and the Arabian countries, and formed a kind of oriental mystical colors, expressed a religious spirit of modern dance. Her student, Martha Graham, was the first to teach modern dance in the United States. Marthe Graham (1894-1991), an outstanding representative of contemporary modern dance, believed that since human beings have beauty and ugliness, love and hate, goodness and evil, dance should not only celebrate beauty and goodness, but also express sin, remorse and jealousy, and so she particularly emphasized the use of dance to strip away the outer cloak that hides human behavior and " exposing an inner man." She also created a set of dance techniques known as the "Graham Technique". In recent decades, this school of dancers to develop their own, the formation of a number of different styles and artistic advocates of the faction, some in the innovation and development of dance has made great achievements, but some completely contrary to the early modern dance school of the basic ideas and artistic advocates, away from the objective social and real-life, the development of the bizarre, grotesque, obscure, for the majority of the audience can not understand and accept.
Modern dance, no matter what form of performance, the most basic is to start from the action, and the action of the formation, continuation, development, change, the most important thing is to look at the action of the borrowing method, followed by the structure of the work, modern dance breaks the harmony of the ideal of the classical aesthetic principles of the concern for people in the real world and the pursuit of the natural and real beauty, so the structure of the structure of the special attention to the contrast. Then many people will ask modern dance is the most focus on the feeling and breath, so how do we measure this feeling and breath? In the process of dancing modern dance you should use the six senses you were born with to feel modern dance wholeheartedly. In modern dance works, the emphasis is on the dancer's own weight rather than lightness as in ballet, the process of space rather than the movement itself, the rhythmic staccato rather than fluidity, the imbalance rather than balance, and the revelation of the process rather than the covering of the process in the composition. So no matter what kind of dance, as long as the music, with the theme of this dance work is different, condensed into love, hate, love, hatred, bitterness, joy, sadness, joy, in every small movement winding, twisting, jumping, flinging hands, swinging the head, kicking the legs, and even in the concentration of the mind, to show the dancer's tenacity and persistence.