1. Tiancun Lanterns The lanterns of Tiancun have a long history and many varieties, which have been imported from the Tang Dynasty for more than 1,300 years, the earliest of which were colorful lanterns, palace lanterns and horse lanterns, and then gradually developed into 25 varieties, including flower basket lanterns, scenic characters story lanterns, Baogai lanterns, paiwu lanterns, tortoise lanterns, unicorn lanterns, lion lanterns, elephant lanterns, cloud lanterns, lotus lanterns, and frame lanterns, etc.
Traditional lanterns are usually made of bamboo and gabion branches, which are then tied into various shapes with various kinds of dyed paper and gold and silver foils.
Traditional production of lanterns, generally use bamboo and gabion branches as raw materials, the first tied into a variety of shapes, and then use a variety of dyed paper and gold and silver foil paper, etc., cut and hollowed out thousands of flowers, plants and trees, insects, fish, birds and animals, people, such as motifs, inlaid and pasted on the outside of the lamp, and according to the size and type of lanterns, the base of each lamp installation of one or more candles or oil lamps bracket, on which to put a candle or a small cup of oil. small oil cups.
Among the colorful lanterns in Tiancun, the turtle lanterns, the pagoda lanterns, and the rack lanterns have the most Hakka characteristics. Turtle lantern, huge shape, from a distance like a large embroidered ball, close up there is a head and tail, four feet complete, more hanging in front of temples, ancestral halls, lamps can be placed inside the 108 oil lamps, lighted at night, brilliant lights, ten miles visible. Turtle lamp is equipped with a large cover, the cover inlaid with a set of carp jump Dragon Gate modeling, far-reaching meaning: the giant tortoise symbolizes longevity and prosperity, carp jump Dragon Gate heralds a great future. Pai Lou lights, also known as colorful building lights, divided into vertical Pai Lou and plane Pai Lou two kinds of, for the long strip, more hanging in the entrance and exit of the lamp market on the tall buildings, and the colorful three days side by side of the door. This kind of lamp above or with illustrated auspicious blessings, or with loyalty and filial piety and righteousness of the folk tales, etc., the lamp is equipped with automatic circulation, up and down the mobile organs, groups of characters can be cyclic, week after week to show the pattern, in the candle (oil) light irradiation under the light of the changes, people are dazzled. Shelf lanterns, is a wooden frame for the support of the multi-layer colorful lanterns, lanterns in the outstanding, the production of the most complicated one, the lamp has 4 to 6 layers of falling devices, each layer or for the heavens and the world, society, or for the sadness and joy, good and evil have a reward and other content. Each layer is equipped with fireworks and detonation device, once lit, fireworks and firecrackers chirping, flash such as electricity, deafening. Each layer of the falling device layer by layer landing, lights within the scene at the same time, thrilling, spectacular. Shelf lanterns more in the lanterns at the end of the fire, generally placed in the village in the wilderness. When people in the busy market to see a variety of lanterns after the fun, they will compete to go to the village side to see the unique frame lantern lighting spectacle. In addition, there is a walking horse lantern, although it can walk, but the production process of this lantern is relatively simple. Generally the first horse head and tail well, with the frame made of bamboo gabions to connect the front and back of the two sections, and then in the lamp surface covered with various colors of cloth or paper, with saddles, bells, etc., after the ignition of the horse galloped away, dingdang sound, commonly known as the "walking horse". According to the "Yanjing Times": "horse lamps, cut paper for the wheel, with a candle hush, then the car galloped horses, dough endless, candle extinguished is stopping."
Tiancun lantern festival originated in the Central Plains, but it is different. In terms of the country, the lanterns are generally in the Lantern Festival, that is, "in the first month of the first month, the first month of the fifteenth Lantern Festival". But the lantern festival in Tiancun is the Mid-Autumn Festival, that is, "August in August, August 15 lanterns". Tiancun Lantern Festival is not held every year, but once every three years, commonly known as "three years a term".
Why is the Tiancun Lantern Festival different? There are two main local legends: one is the strong line said. Hakka people abide by the ancient motto of "cultivation and study", Tiancun Lantern Festival year is generally set in the year of the ancient imperial examinations than the year. Its purpose is to give ten years of hard work, will soon be hiking to participate in the scientific and technological examination of the students to Zhuangxing color, but also sends the hometown fathers and mothers of the students on the gold list jump Dragon Gate aspirations.
The second is the anti-Yuan said. It is said that the Hakka ancestors to resist the cruel rule of the Yuan Dynasty, decided to organize an uprising, in order to try to paralyze the Tiancun "family Tartar", will be the first month of the custom of lanterns in the lunar calendar in August, in order to create a peaceful and peaceful atmosphere of the festival, to cover up the whole village is about to rise up in a plot, and succeeded. It is impossible to verify the truth of the story. However, whenever the village lights festival year comes, the local first white or black cloth to cover the entire market over the various kinds of lights all hanging on the rope under the cloth. This way of hanging lights, not only can create a better rendering of the atmosphere of the lantern festival, but also to prevent the lanterns from being wet by the rain, commonly known as "hide the sky over the sea", the scene is very spectacular.
Tiancun folk heritage of puppet theater is also a great ornamental and research power.
2. The festival of sunshine and Lohan festival
Chezhen Temple has two Buddhist events every year. First, the sixth day of the sixth lunar month of the sunshine festival; second is the first day of the eighth lunar month of the Lohan event. Legend has it that, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, Chezhen Temple fire, eighteen Lohan scripture flew into the storage pool, a straight finger to make see the fire at the bottom of the boat, order swimmers to get it. So far, eighteen Lingjing still exist water and fire traces. Sun scripture event that originated here. According to the traditional custom, all the believers involved in the sunshine scripture, since the beginning of June together with fasting and vegetarian diet, the main sunshine scripture day, the first to bathe and dress, burn incense and worship Buddha, temple monks held a grand Buddhist ceremony. The sunshine by eighteen monks each holding a real scripture, by the cabinet slowly step into the sun field, sunshine field by the local celebrities and good faith eighteen people in a row, each holding a sandalwood incense burner, standing in the sunshine field, waiting for the monks holding the scripture to come. At that time the firecrackers, drums and music, chanting the sound of Buddha, Yukon sound into a piece. The name of the scripture front toward the sun exposure, the back with sandalwood stove fire fumigation, temple monks Chung Jing, while turning the name of the scripture, praying for peace in the world, the name of the scripture will always be there. Lohan event is to commemorate the Lohan bodhisattva legacy of the grand temple fair. Is the day from morning to night, the temple in the Buddha event continuous, bright lights, incense smoke around, the sound of loud and clear, chanting sound, ancient music, firecrackers sound constantly. All over the Jiangnan incense gathering, very lively. If the triennial Mid-Autumn Lantern Festival is even more grand, near and far the incense and light tourists, that is, ornamental lanterns, and into the incense to worship Buddha. Since the first to fifteenth of August lasted half a month lantern festival has a strong local cultural colors. It sets Tiancun folk traditional lanterns, dragon lanterns, cloud lanterns, lion and elephant lanterns, unicorn lanterns, tea blue lanterns and other lanterns in one, accompanied by stilt walkers, storytellers, folk martial arts, classical drama, ancient bands and other forms of stage performances to show the prosperity of the market, which adds to the August Luohan Festival holiday glory, so that visitors forget to come back. 3. Hakka Customs
Tiancun Hakka people, adhering to the ancient style of the Central Plains, the character of the brash, have been drinking water wine tradition. Its water wine is pure and authentic, long drink not drunk, aftertaste. The brewing of ShuiJiu must have the best glutinous rice, and TianCun has been known as the "land of fish and rice" since ancient times, and is rich in high-quality rice. The abundance of glutinous rice provides a profound raw material base for ShuiJiu. The brewing technology was inherited from the Hakka ancestors in the north. The production method is as follows: choose high-quality glutinous rice, wash it and steam it until there is no rice core, then use well water to drench the rice, then mix it with water of wine quartz and cover it for a few days. After fermentation, the glutinous rice is fermented and brewed into wine. The fermented glutinous rice is then mixed with a certain proportion of well water. A few days later, the lees are drained off, and the drained water is water wine, which is put into the wine altar and sealed, and the wine is burned to the boiling point with the fire of huller in every altar. At this time, a jar of good Tamura Shui Wine can be enjoyed. The color of Tiancun ShuiJiu is yellowish and translucent, and the taste is fragrant and calm. Normally, the Hakka people in Tiancun drink two bowls of water wine after their work, which can not only be addicted to alcohol, but also quench their thirst, and the fatigue of the whole body disappears. During festivals, people in Tiancun entertain their guests with water wine, which they savor and pour slowly, fully recalling the sweet and pure aroma of water wine. Tiancun Hakka people from ancient times have the custom of drinking tea, in the past came to the female guests are generally entertained with tea, and every agricultural festival, the village tea bowl will ring, popping hemp, boiling water, not long after a large bowl of steaming hot, fragrant tea on the end of the up. The woman of the neighborhood are shouted, you a bowl, I a bowl, east and west, said to the happy place, and even the story of the dog bull hit the bar are told. The tea is easy to make, will be crushed tea, a little fried peanuts, fried sesame seeds, the right amount of salt, ginger, licorice, tangerine and tea oil mixed with the bowl, and then hands holding the tea stick (made of wood and catalpa), the raw materials will be beaten into the tea mud, and then boiled water, put on the spices, can be eaten. Because of the tea has a fragrant, crispy, fresh, sweet characteristics, rich in nutrients, can quench hunger and thirst, but also beneficial to the stomach and intestines, digestive, more able to get rid of the wind and cold resistance to colds, so the village of three days have tea sound, but solemnly drink tea only a few occasions: one is the third day of the wedding, the groom's family to invite the right and left neighbors to drink tea, the purpose is to let the bride and sister-in-laws, aunties to meet, which is called the "three dynasty Tea", after the tea also let each guest to bring a variety of fruits back. The second is the importation of new children into the family, to invite the neighbors to drink tea, and present "red eggs". Third, every February 15 of the lunar calendar for the woman's flower day. On this day, women get together to "wear ears" for girls to wear earrings later. The fourth is to do the funeral also to ring tea to entertain the funeral guests. In drinking tea, the host with the tea with the fruit, such as "bract chestnut cannon" (a corn grain fried fruit, white), "yellow yuan dry crushed" (a yellow yuan rice fruit sun-dried pieces, and then fried fruit). People drink tea, eat the fruits held in colander baskets on the stage, and talk about new things in the Hakka village, which is a unique view of a farmhouse.
4. Donghe Opera
Donghe Opera is based on the high voice in the East River area of Ganzhou, and gradually integrates Kunqu Opera, Yihuang Opera, Gui Opera, Anqing Opera, Yipan, North and South Tunes, Yangge Tunes, and so on, and develops into a more complete type of opera that has the three major voices of high voice, Kunqu Opera and Playing Opera. It is also known as Donghe Opera because it was formed in the Gongshui basin in the east of Ganzhou.
The Donghe Opera troupe is mostly a troupe master system, in which those who have the right to own a wardrobe are the masters of the troupe, and those who are in charge of the troupe are usually called "old bag". Some of them had their own wardrobe, some rented wardrobe from others; some could act on their own, and some could not act; there was one person who was the sole owner, and there were also a few people who worked together. Actors' wages (at the beginning of the Republic of China, for example) ranged from a maximum of 180 yuan per year to a minimum of 80-0 (silver dollars), and were also calculated on the basis of "work points," with a maximum of 800 points and a minimum of 300-400 points. Bansha provided rice, firewood, and salt free of charge, and each person brought his own oil and vegetables. The general membership of the class society is 30-40 people, in addition to the "old bag", the management class (liaison), the head (cook), the coat, the second coat, the helmet scarf, the miscellaneous box, go miscellaneous each person, the band up to seven or eight people (usually only four or five people), the rest for the actors. The head (the best) veteran is responsible for drawing up the roles and performing the program and its order.
The stage voice of Donghe opera is based on Zhongzhou rhyme, mixed with Hakka dialect, which is known as Ganzhou dialect. Its sound level is slightly the opposite of Mandarin: vice versa, such as "neighborhood" is close to "liberation" as in Mandarin; "background" is close to "Beijing" as in Mandarin. "and vice versa. The clowns sometimes use local voices for their gags. The sound of the leaves of the Kunqiang opera is slightly close to the "Wu sound".
The Donghe Opera has not set up its own hats. Throughout the generations, artists have been individual masters, with the class to learn the art; a few originated in the Qi opera class society organized by the Kasa class. Apprentice into the class at the beginning, must bring their own food expenses, learn to "jump Liu Hai" ("Big Eight Immortals" in a doll role) class society can be free of charge for meals; can speak a word on the stage, you can receive the food; can be a dragon set, scouting, foot report, there are a small number of wages. Generally three years with the master, three years to help the master, before and after the six years of wages, are owned by the master, I can only get the master to give a few pocket money.