The history of Wuyi people going abroad can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. In the sixth year of Emperor Xizong's Qianfu reign (879 A.D.), there were already some people from Xinhui who accompanied the Arab traders to Sumatra, Indonesia. Since then, a number of people from Wuyi have traveled overseas to make a living. Jiangmen City is one of the key overseas Chinese hometowns in China, and is one of the three major overseas Chinese hometowns in China, together with Chaoshan and southern Fujian. According to the latest overseas Chinese survey, there are more than 3 million overseas Chinese, Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots living abroad in Jiangmen Wuyi, spreading over 100 countries and regions in five continents, most of which are located in North America and Central America, and the overseas Chinese have made their own contributions to the prosperity of their countries of residence. A large number of outstanding politicians, diplomats, entrepreneurs and scientists have emerged among them, such as the Governor General of Canada, Mr. Wu Bingzhi, and the Governor of Washington State, Mr. Gary Locke.
Overseas compatriots, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots have a glorious tradition of patriotism and love for their homeland, they built a large number of schools, hospitals, homes for the elderly, day-care centers, kindergartens, theaters, libraries, bridges, highways, water projects, Overseas Chinese Federation of building and other public welfare. They have also set up funds to help students and the elderly. They have benefited the township and played a positive role in promoting our reform and opening up and socialist modernization.
In recent years, Wuyi region's rapid development of the e-commerce industry, the landing of Alibaba 1688 - Jiangmen Industrial Zone, Alibaba 1688 import sources - Jiangmen Station two major e-commerce projects, rapidly drive the upgrading of local enterprises and vigorously promote the development of e-commerce.
With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, especially with the further adjustment of China's industrial structure, governments at all levels have introduced a series of preferential policies to optimize the investment environment and enhance the confidence of foreign investors to come back to invest. Jiangmen Wuyi overseas Chinese township has become a hot spot for overseas Chinese and foreign investment. So far, to Jiangmen Wuyi Overseas Chinese Township investment in the countries and regions up to 25, of which the front is Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Singapore, France, etc., involving more than 20 industries, thousands of products, the main industries are textiles, chemicals, machinery, electronics, communications equipment, plastics and products, building materials, leather and products, food, wood, agriculture, construction, transportation, real estate, food, woodwork, agriculture, construction, transportation, real estate, catering, tourism and other industries. Overseas Chinese businessmen and foreign businessmen have jointly invested more in Jiangmen Wuyi, which has produced a chain effect. A number of large consortia, large enterprises, large business associations, multinational corporations to invest in Wuyi one after another, the world's top 500 companies have 13 settled in Jiangmen, overseas Chinese enterprises have become a force to be reckoned with in the construction of the overseas Chinese economy.
Jiangmen is a city with more foreign exchanges, it has established sister-city relations with cities in many countries, including Riverside, U.S.A. Every year, it receives a large number of tourists from all over the world, including the U.S.A., Canada, Japan, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Australia, Spain and so on.
Jiangmen Wuyi is also a window from which China's excellent culture and traditions are spread to the rest of the world. Meanwhile, the vast number of overseas Chinese also bring back to China excellent cultures and advanced science and technology from all over the world, and build bridges of friendship, economic and trade, and science and technology between China and foreign countries, making magnificent contributions to the development of China and the country of residence, and to the peace of the whole world. Xinhui Chenpi, Artificial Cordyceps, Tangerine Puer Tea, Chenpi Puer Tea, Mulberry Fruit Red Wine, Enzhou Qishi Tea Set, Sword Flower, Sunflower Fan, Dried Cabbage, Guanghe Sesame Oil Bean Curd, Niu Dali
Outer Sea Noodles, Kaiping Fire Garlic, Taishan Shrimp Paste, Kaiping Bean Curd, Hetang Toucai, Gulau Noodles with Dried Black Beans, Chenpi Patties 1 Origins
When was it that Cantonese Opera " When did Cantonese Opera establish itself on this land? Was it more than 100 years ago, or nearly 400 years ago?
No one can give a clear answer. Several enthusiastic old theater fans coincidentally pointed out: Xinhui Dongguan Road left Wuyi's only Ming Dynasty stone theater.
Through the two busy roads, we came to the stone theater on Dongguan Road in Huicheng, and immediately brightened up. Tall stage is located in front of the residence, antique screen depicting a variety of opera characters, spacious "Qunying stage" divided into "out of the general", "into the prime minister," two doors, without having to look closely! This is the most typical theater. Stone monument in front of the stone stage: stone stage built in the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty repair, in 1995 was included in the third batch of Xinhui cultural relics protection units. Finger counting, stone theater so far more than 400 years.
Lin Wenbin, deputy director of the Xinhui Local Museum, told reporters that the stone stage was built in the twenty-seventh year of the Ming Wanli (1599), more than 400 years ago, this is the center of the city. According to the Ming Wanli "Xinhui County Records" Volume II "Customs" entry: "The former cloud city is still miscellaneous drama, and now the township is full. To the Ming Dynasty, theatrical performances are not divided into upper and lower households ...... "" miscellaneous drama "is the Jin and Yuan period prevailed in the metropolis (now Beijing) as the center of the art form of opera, but also China's earliest and most mature form of opera art.
Lin Fujie, a local historian of Xinhui, combined with local history, said that the stone stage is an annex to the Guandi Temple (opposite the stone stage is the Guandi Temple, which has been demolished), and every year the "Guandi Festival" is held to celebrate the event, often for several days to invite the troupe to perform.
Thus, the stone stage for theater performances, as early as the Ming Dynasty has played an important role. So, were Cantonese operas included in the miscellaneous operas performed on this stone stage?
Li Rixing, a researcher at the China National Academy of Sciences and a professor at the College of Liberal Arts at Wuyi University, denies this claim, "Cantonese opera is one of the many local opera genres that emerged after the middle of the Qing Dynasty. When tracing the origin of Cantonese opera, the famous actress Kwong Sun Wah of Kaiping origin should be cited as the founding master of Cantonese opera, who established the first Cantonese opera hall, the Bawo Hall, in Guangzhou, marking the rise of Guangfu opera. Then, during the period of the Xinhai Revolution, the 'Zhi Shi Ban' said goodbye to the history of singing in the 'official language of the opera house' and began to sing in the Guangzhou dialect, entering the era of true Cantonese opera with a strong Cantonese flavor.
However, according to many official accounts, Cantonese opera has a history of 300-400 years, and in 2009, after it became a World Intangible Heritage item, Huang Bin, head of the Social Culture Department of the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture, said that in 2009, Guangdong's first World Intangible Heritage item was successfully acquired by Cantonese opera. "Intangible Heritage Program", accepting the reporter pointed out that: "nearly 400 years of history of Cantonese opera has nine major schools ......"
Whether the answer is more than 100 years. or nearly 400 years, what we can not go to deny is that Cantonese opera has a kind of magic, has been y rooted in the Wuyi area, rooted in the life of a part of the people.
2 Rise
A scene of historical smoke and cloud has passed, leaving behind an enigmatic topic: why is Wuyi unique on the stage of Cantonese opera?
Because it is a precious cultural relic, the stone theater can only be entered for singing on holidays. Obviously, the clamor of the past has long since gone with the wind, standing under the gilded screen, surrounded by such calm, the ears echoed the melodious Cantonese rhythms, unceasingly, from near to far.
Reminiscent of 100 years ago, Guangdong's opera was brewing an ice-breaking situation, the leader is the Kaiping Shui Kou Town Pan village people Kwong Xinhua.
History records that during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Cantonese opera was being grounded for more than 10 years because of Li Wenmao's rate of actors responding to the Taiping Rebellion. In order to survive, the actors were looking for a way to break out. Tongzhi seven years, the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Rui Lin for his mother's birthday celebration, Guangdong class martial arts Kuang Xinhua and flower girl hook nose Zhang to a "Taibai and Fan" opera greatly appreciated by the guests, Kuang Xinhua and hook nose Zhang took the opportunity to put forward to the Rui Lin lifting of the ban on the please, by the Rui Lin to the court to request, get permission.
Kwong Xinhua raised his hand and the actors responded, and a few years later, the Cantonese Opera Club - Bawo Club, was established in Guangzhou.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Cantonese opera gradually moved towards its heyday. Theaters sprang up all over Wuyi. According to the book "Overview of Opera in Wuyi", from 1911 to 1925 A.D., performances were held throughout the year in all parts of Wuyi. In 1913, Jiangmen built the Datong Theater specializing in Cantonese Opera, Huicheng built the Puking Theater, and the Ruan Overseas Chinese in Taishan built the Datong Theater in Duanfen Township, and the Lianhua Theater in Doushan. Chikan and Sanbu in Kaiping have built seven or eight theaters, which have become the performance venues for famous classes in the province and Hong Kong.
The rich theater soil and stage, created a number of actors. After Kuang Xinhua, Chen Feinong (Waihai), a famous Cantonese opera actress from Wuyi, Tan Lanqing (Shuangshui, Xinhui), and Liao Huaiman (Hetang) and Ye Fuchi (Taishan), four famous clowns in Cantonese opera in the 1930s, sang on the stage and became famous actors. Fang Yanfen, a native of Enping, originated the "Fang accent", which was highly regarded in the Cantonese Opera industry and became popular for a while. It is difficult to count the number of actors and actresses from the Wuyi area in the province who are in large and small opera troupes, as well as those who are musicians and flower girls.
From the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, the laws of "every opera troupe is made up of people from Wuyi" and "no opera troupe is made up of people from Wuyi" were recognized in the Cantonese opera industry.
From the founding of New China to the present, from the Pearland family, Kaiping Hongxiannu has performed in nearly 100 Cantonese operas, made more than 90 movies, and successfully portrayed the artistic image of various women in ancient and modern times. She created her own "red accent", which has been popular for half a century, and has become a renowned master of Cantonese opera in China and abroad.
A scene from history has passed, leaving behind an enigmatic topic: why is Wuyi unique on the Cantonese opera stage?
Li Rixing believes that, on the one hand, Wuyi has a deep cultural heritage in the region. After Cantonese opera was sung in Guangzhou dialect, a large number of traditional Cantonese operas that were popular among the masses, such as the Wooden Fish, Dragon Boat, Cantonese Acura, and Nanyin, were absorbed into Cantonese opera, making it a local opera full of the flavor of southern Cantonese culture and Cantonese language and rhyme. Since then, the exquisite singing parts of Cantonese Opera have become independent from Cantonese Opera in the process of circulation, and have been widely sung by the public, which has led to the rise of private kiosks and the popularity of the genre. On the other hand, in the past, the living conditions in the Wuyi area were harsh and life was difficult. At that time, making a living by art and singing opera was considered a way out of the sun.
Szeto Pei, a member of the Chinese Dramatists Association and vice chairman of the Jiangmen Drama Association, told the reporter that the people of Wuyi are open-minded and tolerant, and they have a pioneering spirit, which makes them very receptive to Cantonese opera, which is open and compatible with other operas; at the same time, Wuyi is a water town, and it has a strong base of folk songs and operatic songs, which have been performed around the world since ancient times on the "Red Boat". The "Red Boat" has been used as a means of transportation for performances all over the world since ancient times.
The two experts coincidentally mentioned the same reason - the deep cultural heritage of Chinese opera. 2002, Taishan, Kaiping and Xinhui, by the China Association of Chinese Opera, awarded the "Chinese opera township".
3 Toward
If the troupes continue to decline, a generation of audience aging, the future, the Cantonese opera will disappear?
As night falls and the lights come on, the stone theater falls silent, but squares across the city come alive. Cantonese opera and opera groups from all over Wuyi are devoting themselves to creating cultural performances in major communities. Jiangmen Cantonese Opera Troupe, the largest Cantonese opera troupe in Wuyi, has been performing in the community for several days in a row and has been surrounded by people wherever it goes.
Yu Yangli, a national-level actress and the leading actress of Jiangmen Cantonese opera, is obviously accustomed to such scenes, and she is not surprised by any changes on the stage, with one accent, one move and one style, and one sentence. The song is over, and the sound of the aftermath is rising.
In the face of the crowded audience outside the venue, Yu Yangli does not think that the current Cantonese opera market back in the past. "There are a lot of people who watch and enjoy the show, but there are not many people who are really willing to pay money for it to watch the show. The old market where it was hard to get a ticket is gone, Cantonese opera has been hit from all sides and the market is getting narrower and narrower. Over the years, our troupe has mainly relied on some big bosses to hire us to perform, which is very hard and difficult. Sometimes we run to Hong Kong, Macao and other cities in the Pearl River Delta to hold on."
An indisputable figure proves Yu Yangli's concern: according to figures provided by the Jiangmen Opera Association, there have been more than 70 professional Cantonese opera troupes in Wuyi since the liberation of China, and more than 120 amateur troupes, but the number of those active in the marketplace has dropped sharply to more than 10.
If troupes continue to plummet and a generation of audiences ages, will Cantonese opera disappear in the future?
"No, it won't. Cantonese opera is a Cantonese dialect opera created by the Cantonese people, and as long as the Cantonese language exists, Cantonese opera will not disappear. However, with the development of modern technology and culture, it will be more and more closely integrated with film, television and the Internet, and the forms of scriptwriting, performance and dissemination may change, and perhaps new forms of Cantonese opera art will emerge." Li Rixing said.
"It won't disappear, China is moving into an aging society, the physical structure characteristics of the elderly show that they like slow-paced music, and Cantonese opera is the softest culture in the human heart." Doing theater for 40 years, Xinhui Cantonese Opera Troupe deputy director Li Tianlong said.
The past is like smoke, and with the change of time, "Cantonese Opera", like the color of the night, has become silent. However, Jiangmen Wuyi all over the private partnership is not willing to be lonely, blossomed everywhere, as many as more than 200. Early the next morning, the corner of the park we passed on our way to work, we still hear that tugging ditty again, and the whole city resumes the colors of the day.
Yes, one group after another of people in Wuyi are continuing their love of Cantonese opera, which will continue to nourish this land of famous artists.