Confucius’ resume:
1. A difficult childhood.
Before 550 BC, Confucius’ parents (the famous 66-year-old warrior "Shuliang He" and the 16-year-old innocent girl "Yan Zhengzai") fell in love, and they bravely combined despite all the restrictions of etiquette and law. together. Because their union did not comply with etiquette, they were called "wild union".
On August 27, 551 BC, Confucius was born in a cave in the "Niqiu" Mountain in Changping Township, Zouyi, Lu State (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). Confucius was named "Qiu" because of "Ni Qiu", and his courtesy name was "Zhong Ni" ("Zhong" means the second oldest).
When he was 3 years old, his father Shulianghe passed away at the age of 69. His wife, Shi Shi, was in great power. Confucius's concubine, Shi Shi, was tortured to death. His son Meng Pi was disabled due to polio and suffered discrimination. Yan Zhengzai, the 19-year-old mother of Confucius, could not gain a foothold in the Confucius family, so she took Confucius and Meng Pi back to her natal home in the inner palace of Qufu City, living a difficult life of leaving her hometown, living under the influence of others, and being discriminated against.
When he was 15 years old, Confucius determined to be a scholar.
At the age of 17, Yan Zhengzai, the mother of Confucius who was only 33 years old, died of physical and mental exhaustion due to the torture of life and social discrimination.
2. The period of young adulthood
At the age of 19, Confucius married the daughter of the Qiguan family of the Song Dynasty. The next year, Qi Guan gave birth to a son, and Lu Zhaogong gave him a carp to express his congratulations. Therefore, Confucius named his son Li, with the word Boyu (Bo means the eldest son).
At the age of 20, Confucius began to work as a "commissioner" and manage warehouses. In the second year, Confucius began to work as a "fielder" and manage livestock.
At the age of 27, Confucius began to establish a private school. Since then, Confucius has gained a high reputation.
At the age of 35, civil strife broke out in the state of Lu. Three families, the Jisun family, the Mengsun family, and the Shusun family, attacked Lu Zhaogong, but Lu Zhaogong was defeated and fled. Confucius left his hometown and went to Qi. The next year, Confucius was appreciated by Qi Jinggong and wanted to seal Confucius with the land of Nixi, but Yanzi stopped him. In the third year, Doctor Qi wanted to murder Confucius because he was afraid that Confucius would be reused. Confucius fled back to the state of Lu.
3. Political Glory
In 501 BC, when Confucius was 51 years old, he served as the mayor of the capital of Lu State, "Zhongdu Zai". He had outstanding political achievements and was respected in all directions.
In the second year, Confucius was promoted to Xiao Sikong and managed the judicial department. Later he was promoted to chief minister and acted as prime minister. In the summer, Confucius accompanied Lu Dinggong and met the Marquis of Qi in Jiagu. Confucius saw through Qi's conspiracy to kidnap Lu Dinggong, and forced Qi to return the land it had invaded and occupied Lu, achieving the most glorious victory in the diplomatic history of Lu.
In the third year, under the governance of Confucius, the state of Lu was in great power.
In the fourth year, in order to consolidate the power of the central government of Lu and weaken the power of Sanhuan, Confucius took measures to destroy the three capitals and demolish the defenses of the capitals of Sanhuan. In the Three Huan Dynasties, the Meng Sun family and the Shu Sun family supported the fall of the capital in order to weaken the power of their retainers. After the two families fell to the capital, Gong Lianchufu, a retainer of the Mengsun family in Sanhuan, refused to fall to the capital and received secret support from the Mengsun family. The major operation to fall into Sandu was abandoned halfway.
In the spring of the fifth year, the State of Qi feared that the State of Lu would become powerful because it appointed Confucius as the chief minister, so it adopted a beauty trick and sent 80 beauties to the State of Lu. Ji Huanzi accepted the female singer, and Lu Junchen He was obsessed with singing and dancing and ignored government affairs for many days. Confucius and the Ji family were at odds. Confucius had no choice but to leave Lu and seek opportunities abroad.
4. Traveling around the world
In 497 BC, at the age of 55, Confucius began to travel around the world. In the spring of this year, Confucius arrived in Weiguo. In October, Confucius suffered from flattery and left Wei State for Chen State. Passing through Kuangdi, they were besieged. After passing through Pudi, they encountered the rebellion of the Gongshu family, and Confucius' master and disciples were besieged again. Later he returned to Weidu.
At the age of 57, Confucius returned to the state of Lu. In the fifth month, Duke Ding of Lu died and Duke Ai of Lu died.
At the age of 59, Confucius saw that he could not be reused, so he left the state of Lu and came to the state of Wei again. Confucius had disagreements with Duke Ling of Wei, so he had to leave Wei and go westward, passing through Cao and arriving at Song. Sima Huanjun of the Song Dynasty hated Confucius and threatened to harm Confucius, but Confucius fled in disguise.
When he was 60 years old, Confucius passed through the state of Zheng and went to the state of Chen.
He was separated from his disciples in the capital of Zheng State. He waited alone at the east gate for his disciples to find him. He was ridiculed and called "tired like a lost dog." Confucius smiled happily and said: "Yes! Yes!"
At the age of 61, Confucius left the state of Chen and went to the state of Cai.
At the age of 62, Confucius left the state of Cai and went to Ye. Later he left Ye and returned to Cai.
At the age of 63, between Chen and Cai, Confucius’ master and disciples were besieged and had no food. Many of his disciples fell ill due to hunger. They were later rescued by Chu people and arrived in Chu State. The king of Chu wanted to reuse Confucius and He wanted to seal 500 miles of land to Confucius, but was opposed by the ministers. He had no choice but to leave Chu and return to the defense.
At the age of 67, Confucius’s wife Qi Guan died.
When Confucius was 68 years old, with the support of his disciples, Ji Kangzi sent people to welcome Confucius back to the state of Lu with money. Fourteen years of traveling around the world have come to an end.
5. Later Life
After Confucius returned to the State of Lu, he was very respected and enjoyed the treatment of an elder of the country, but he was not reused politically. Confucius retired to study poetry, calligraphy, etiquette and music.
At the age of 69, Confucius’ only son Kong Li passed away.
At the age of 70, Confucius's favorite disciple Yan Hui passed away.
At the age of 72, Confucius's favorite disciple Zi Lu was killed in the Weiguo coup.
In 479 BC, at the age of 73, Confucius died. Duke Ai of Lu held a grand funeral for him. Many disciples guarded his tomb for three years, and Zigong guarded his tomb for six years. There are hundreds of families who call the tomb their home, so it is named Kongli. The former residence of Confucius should be the Confucius Temple.
Extended information:
Concepts on life
Be so angry that you forget to eat, and you are happy and forget your worries
Confucius once described himself like this when he was 62 years old : "He is a man who is so angry that he forgets to eat, and he is happy and forgets his worries. He does not know that old age is coming." At that time, Confucius had led his disciples to travel around the country for nine years. After going through many hardships, he not only failed to be appointed by the princes, but also almost died, but Confucius did not give up despite the difficulties. He remained optimistic and persisted in his ideals, even when he knew it was impossible to do.
Be poor and happy
Confucius said: "Being rich and noble without righteousness is like a floating cloud to me." In Confucius's mind, doing righteousness is the highest value of life. When conflicts arise, he would rather suffer poverty than give up morality. However, his belief in living in poverty and enjoying the Tao cannot be seen as not seeking wealth, but only seeking to maintain the Tao. This is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Wealth and honor are what people want; if they don't follow the right way, they won't get it. Poverty and lowliness are what people hate; if they don't follow the right way, they won't get it." " If you are rich and can be asked for, even if you are a man with a whip, I will do it. If you can't ask for it, just follow what I like."
Be tireless in learning and tireless in teaching
Confucius is famous for his love of learning. , showed a strong interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was famous at that time and was almost regarded as an omniscient sage. However, Confucius himself did not think so. Confucius said: "If the sage and How can I dare to be benevolent? I am never tired of teaching people. "Confucius studied impermanence. He would worship anyone who had knowledge and something he didn't know. Therefore, he said, "If there are three people walking together, there must be one who is my teacher." , choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones."
Practice in a straight way
Confucius was upright by nature, and he advocated walking in a straight way. He once said: "I As for people, who will be criticized and who will be praised? If you are praised, you have to test it. This is the reason why the three generations have followed the straight path. ""Historical Records" records that Confucius asked Laozi when he was in his thirties. , before leaving, Lao Tzu said: "Those who are wise and thoughtful and close to the deceased are good at discussing others. Those who are eloquent and knowledgeable endanger their lives and bring evil to others. Those who are sons of others should not think of themselves, and those who are ministers of others should not think of themselves. ." This was Laozi's kind reminder to Confucius, and he also pointed out some of Confucius' shortcomings, that is, he looked at problems too deeply and spoke too sharply, hurting some people of high status and bringing great danger to himself.
Be kind to others
Confucius founded a moral theory centered on benevolence. He himself was also a very kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous to others. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "The beauty of a gentleman is the evil of being a gentleman", "Be kind to yourself and blame others less", etc., are all his principles of life.
Confucius said: "When I was fifteen, I was determined to learn; when I was thirty, I was established; when I was forty, I was not confused; when I was fifty, I knew the destiny; when I was sixty, my ears were obedient; when I was seventy, I followed my heart's desires without exceeding the rules." This is Confucius's view of his life. Summary of stages.
Baidu Encyclopedia: Confucius