Buying a horse in the east market, buying a mǎi (ān) raccoon (mò) in the west market, buying a bridle (pèi) in the south market, and buying a whip in the north market. I left my father and mother in the morning and arrived at the Yellow River in the evening. I don't hear my father and mother calling me, but I hear the Yellow River flowing and splashing. I'm going to the Yellow River, and I'm going to the Black Mountain Head in the evening. I don't hear my mother's voice calling me, but I hear the jì (hu riders) chirping in the Yanshan Mountains.
Ten thousand miles to the military, the mountains are like flying. The air of the new moon is a golden analysis, and the cold light shines on the iron clothes. The generals died in a hundred battles, and the heroes returned in ten years.
Returning to see the Son of Heaven, the Son of Heaven sits in the Hall of Light. Cai (cè) Xun (xūn) twelve turns, rewarded hundreds of thousands of strong. Khan asked what he wanted, Mulan not use Shangshulang. I would like to ride a thousand miles on foot and send my son back to his hometown.
Masters and mothers heard that their daughters were coming, and they went out of the country to help each other. Open the door of my east pavilion, sit on my west pavilion bed. Take off my war-time robe and put on my old-time clothes. I took off my war-time robe and put on my old-time clothes. I took care of my temples in front of the window and put on my yellow flowers in the mirror. When I went out to see my partners, they were all terrified (huáng). I've been with them for twelve years, but I don't know that Mulan is a woman!
The male rabbit's feet are fluttering, the female rabbit's eyes are confused. The two rabbits are walking along the ground, so I don't know if I'm a male or female.
Translation:
Sigh after sigh, the Mulan girl was weaving at the door. The loom stops and the loom no longer makes a sound, only the girl can be heard sighing. (Mulan replied) What are you thinking of when you sigh like that? (Mulan replied) I am not thinking of anything, Miss. Last night I saw the conscription papers, and knew that the king was recruiting soldiers in great numbers, and there were so many rolls of conscription papers, and my father's name was on every one of them. Father has no grown-up son, and I, Mulan, have no elder brother; I would go and buy saddles and horses, and from now on take my father's place in the conscription.
Buy the steeds in the east market, the saddles and the pads under them in the west market, the chews and reins in the south market, and the long whips in the north market. In the morning they left their parents and went on the road, and at night they camped by the Yellow River; they could not hear their parents calling for their daughters, but only the crashing sound of the Yellow River surging and rushing. In the morning I bid farewell to the Yellow River and went on the road, and at night I arrived at Heishan Tou, where I could not hear my parents calling my daughter's voice, but only the chirping of the war horses of the Hu soldiers in Yanshan.
Marching 10,000 miles to the battlefield to fight, over passes and mountains as quickly as flying over. In the cold wind of the north came the sound of the Diao Dou, and the cold moonlight reflected the iron armor and robes of the warriors. The generals had fought countless battles to the death, only to return victorious ten years later.
Victorious return to the pilgrimage to see the son of heaven, the son of heaven sat on the hall (merit reward). Mulan was given the highest rank of merit and was rewarded with more than a thousand gold. The Son of Heaven asked Mulan what she wanted, Mulan did not want to be an official like Shangshulang, she wanted to ride a good camel and use its legs to send me back to my hometown.
The parents, hearing that their daughter had returned, helped each other to meet her outside the city; the elder sister, hearing that her younger sister had returned, combed her hair against the portal; the younger brother, hearing that his sister had returned, was busy hobnobbing and sharpening his knife to kill the pigs and slaughter the sheep. I opened the door of the east side of my boudoir, sat down on the bed of the west side of my boudoir, took off the robe that I wore in the war, put on my former girl's clothes, arranged my sideburns that were as soft as dark clouds in front of the window, and pasted flowers and yellow flowers on my forehead in front of the mirror. I went out to meet the partners who went on the same expedition, and they were all surprised and said that we had traveled together for twelve years, but they didn't know that Mulan was a girl.
The male rabbit's feet like to scratch and flutter, and the female rabbit's eyes are always squinting, so when they run next to each other on the ground, how can they tell who is male and who is female?
A long narrative folk song of the Northern Dynasties of China. It is also known as "Mulan Diction". It was first recorded in Chen Shi Zhi Shi's "Records of Ancient and Modern Music". Later, it was included in Guo Maoqian's Lefu Poetry Collection of the Song Dynasty. It is generally regarded as a folk composition created during the war between Northern Wei and Zoran. Although there are various records in the literature about Mulan, they are all folklore. This poem describes the story of Mulan returning to her hometown after she disguised herself as a man and took her father's place in the army and made great achievements in the war. It portrays the image of Mulan as a simple, kind, brave and strong heroine, and extols her noble spirit of deep understanding of righteousness and dedication, as well as her noble virtue of not admiring glory and profit, full of strong romanticism. The whole poem is tightly focused on the feature of "Mulan is a woman" to carefully select materials, the center is prominent, the complexity and simplicity are appropriate, the language is robust and simple, and the style is rough and bold, which represents the outstanding achievement of the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties, and it is also one of the extremely rare works in the history of Chinese literature. Until today, the image of Mulan on the stage screen still inspires people's patriotic sentiment.
The Poem of Mulan has written a glorious artistic image. We don't have to examine the story as if it were a true story. But some researchers have testified about the time and place of this piece of work, and we generally agree: even if it has been modified by the Tang people, it should have been produced in the Northern Dynasties of the Western Wei Dynasty or the Northern Wei Dynasty a little earlier.
(1) China was a feudal society at that time, and both the Southern and Northern Dynasties had a whole set of feudal social teachings that bound the working people - especially the working women;
(2) there were frequent wars at that time, and those who died in the battlefield were massacred during the panic and turmoil of the soldiers,
(c) The taxes and corvée duties, especially the military corvée duties, were extremely harsh, and the people did not have enough to live on.
All in all, it was what Lu Xun called "an era when one wanted to be a slave but was not allowed to". In such an era, there is the image of Mulan as depicted in Mulan Poetry, which should be regarded as the image of a heroine. Why?
First, Mulan was a laboring woman who often "weaved as a householder". In the case of her father's old age, her little brother's young age, that is, they can not go to military service, but forced to have to go to military service, she resolutely decided to risk the double danger - the danger of the soldiers and the danger of disguise may be recognized, disguised as a man to go to his father's army, which is of course a heroic behavior. Mulan is unable to change the situation when the conscription reaches the elderly, so she uses her heroic behavior, which is full of humanitarianism and self-sacrifice, to save her old father and young brother. From this act, we can see Mulan's self-sacrifice and excellent qualities of bravery and perseverance.
Secondly, "I have traveled thousands of miles to the battlefield, and the mountains are as if they were flying. The cold light shines on the iron clothes. The general died in a hundred battles, and the brave man returned in ten years". Mulan marched 10,000 miles to the bitterly cold border under such a tense situation, and participated in a long and fierce battle. She finally persevered and returned victorious. This is an outstanding manifestation of Mulan's excellent qualities of great bravery and perseverance.
Thirdly, Mulan, after her victory, "did not want to be a scholar", and only wanted to "return to her hometown", which is also a heroic behavior. She is full of the pride of the working people, and completely despise the feudal era, many people are afraid to seek and afraid of not something - to be an official. As a working person, Mulan's insight is much higher than that of many people who are full of poetry and books.
Fourth, after Mulan returned home, that is to say, after she had fulfilled her wish to protect her father and children, she changed into women's clothes just as bravely as she had changed into men's clothes in the past. She did not have the slightest pretension, nor did she feel in the least that she was a marvelous hero, but only that she was still an ordinary woman as she had been in the past. "Open the door of my east pavilion, sit on my bed in the west pavilion; take off my wartime robes, put on my old-time garments; when I look at the window, straighten out my clouded temples, and when I look into the mirror, post the yellow of my flowers." All this is so familiar to her, and so commonplace! All this shows the consistent, simple and humble nature of a heroic figure of the working people.
Lu Xun said: "The daily life of the warrior, not all of them are lovely, but all of them are associated with the lovely part, which is actually the warrior." ②This sentence is also inspiring for understanding the heroic image of Mulan.
We can see from the above analysis that Mulan has in her the concentrated expression of the noble spiritual qualities of millions of working people in ancient China. She is a heroic figure, the embodiment of the ideal woman of the people. The image of Mulan is one of the outstanding artistic images in the outstanding literary works of ancient China.
We must understand that the emergence of the Mulan Poems and the image of Mulan has tremendous historical and social significance. The emergence of the image of a heroine of the working people like Mulan is unprecedented. In the ancient Chinese literature before Mulan Poetry, it is not true that there were no positive female images created with affirmation and praise, but to create such an outstanding heroine image of the laboring people and to celebrate it as a heroic figure equal to or even more than a man has never been done as far as the information we have come into contact with is concerned. Therefore, the appearance of Mulan's image is the first time in the literature of feudal China to show the simple concept of equality between men and women of the working people. This was objectively a protest against the male-centered feudal society. This protest, that is, is still relatively weak, but it is the first to appear, and therefore still very important and very valuable.
At the time, this was already something new in its infancy: the portrayal of Mulan convincingly reveals the truth of life: Mulan is a woman, a woman of noble spiritual qualities, without any element of vulnerability; she is capable of accomplishing the most difficult work - including a hundred battles on the battlefield! She was able to accomplish the most difficult work - including the hundred battles on the sands, which people at that time always thought that women were not capable of doing; she also took up this work in the absence of the general conditions (and had to disguise herself as a man), and accomplished it better than a man would have done. Doesn't that cast a sturdy like to the male-centered ideology of feudal society?
The people created the image of Mulan as a representative of the working people as well. The working people (both men and women) were oppressed and exploited at that time. The image of Mulan shows the wishes and demands of the working people for the society and the times, and also expresses their protest against the society and the times. The creation of Mulan's image is colored with romantic Fuchi, but the thoughts and feelings are healthy, so that the method of creation is basically realism. The aspirations, demands and protests of the working people shown in the image of Mulan are y rooted in reality. Mulan asks for labor, and when she returns home, she immediately restores her original appearance, which shows her love for the original labor life; it is entirely conceivable that she will tirelessly "weave as a household" again. Mulan, she asked for a peaceful life, she hoped that her parents and siblings would be reunited; after the war, she did not want anything, she only asked for a "thousand-mile foot" to send her "back to her hometown"; she loved her hometown, she loved her relatives in her hometown, and she loved the peaceful life in her hometown. Mulan, who joined the army to replace her aged father and to strive for a life of peaceful labor. In the beginning of the poem, the protest of the laboring people against the war is also shown from her worries about the disasters that the war brought to the people and to her family. It can be said that the author of the people created Mulan, and was sending as reasonable an ideal of life as was possible at that time. Gorky says: "Although the authors of the ballad bottoms lived hard lives, their bitter slave labor had been robbed of its meaning by the exploiters, as well as their personal lives were powerless and insecure. But regardless of all this, the group can be said to have been particularly conscious of their immortality and convinced that they could overcome all the forces that hated them." ④ This is also consistent with the case of Chinese folk songs-especially folk songs like the Mulan Poem.
The Mulan Poem, like all folk songs, is also full of optimism. It is bright, cheerful and wholesome. The fine tradition of folk songs is very much concentrated in the Mulan Poems. It can be said that "Mulan Poem" is a comedy of the ideal triumph of the working people's life. The opening lines of Mulan Poetry are indeed about Mulan's worries, but this is a true revelation of Mulan's state of mind, which is "one day and nine times", which makes people more y appreciate her father's behavior in the army as a rare and valuable justice.
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