Haydn - The Father of the Symphony
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was a famous Austrian composer and an outstanding representative of the "Vienna Classical School". Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was a famous Austrian composer, an outstanding representative of the "Vienna Classical School", and one of the most famous musicians in Europe in the 18th century. His works cover a wide range of genres, including vocal and instrumental music, and he has made outstanding contributions to the formation, perfection and development of symphony and string quartet, and is recognized as the "Father of Symphony" and the "Founder of String Quartet".
Representative works: "Farewell", "Clock", "Hunting", "Stunned", "Army", "London", "Newton", etc.
Beethoven - the saint of music
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is one of the greatest musicians in Germany, and is honored as the "saint of music". "Saint of Music". He was the last representative of the "Viennese Classical School", and together with Haydn and Mozart, he was known as the "Vienna Three". In his short career of fifty-seven years, he left a priceless treasure of music for mankind, therefore, the world honored him as the "Sage of Music".
Representative works: "Ode to Joy", "Symphony of Fate", "Passion Sonata", "Moonlight", "Tempest Sonata", "Pastoral Symphony" and so on.
Mozart
Major works:
Opera The Marriage of Figaro
Don. Juan
The Magic Flute
Symphonies Symphony No. 39 in E-flat Emperor
Symphony No. 40 in G minor
Symphony No. 41 in C major Cupid
Concertos Violin Concerto No. 4 in D major
Violin Concerto No. 5 in B-flat Major
Piano Concerto No. 21 in C major
Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major
Other String Quartet "The Hunt"
Historic Center of Vienna
English:Historic Centre of Vienna
Category. Cultural Heritage
Entry:2001
Vienna grew out of the early Gothic and Roman settlements and became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was already rich in medieval baroque colors. From the early days of the famous "Viennese School" until the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna has always played an important and unique role in the European music scene. Vienna is also home to a wealth of architectural treasures, including the Baroque castle and courtyards, as well as the Ringstrasse, which was built in the late 19th century. Along the magnificent, wide, tree-lined Ringstrasse are Vienna's most important monuments, ranging from magnificent buildings to monuments and parks.
Region: Austria
Vienna, one of the three largest cities in Europe during the Middle Ages, still retains its former prominence.
Vienna is a world-famous city, the capital of Austria, known as the "City of Music". Located in northeastern Austria at the northern foot of the Alps on the banks of the Danube River, the Danube River runs through the city, the inner city of the ancient streets, criss-crossed, few high-rise houses, mostly Baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. Medieval St. Stefan's Cathedral and the spire of the Twin Towers Church, 138 meters high. As well as other palace buildings.
St. Stefan's Cathedral is a Gothic church in the center of Vienna and one of the tallest of several old Gothic buildings in Europe
with a strong local color of Eastern European churches. On the outside of the church roof, painted with a large colorful pattern pattern, "the soul of Vienna," said. Beginning in 1304 AD, two centuries after the completion of the church, is considered to be the masterpiece of its centuries of architectural art. It was destroyed in World War II and rebuilt after the war, which took 10 years and was basically restored in 1958. The cathedral consists of a main building and three towers, the south tower is the most spectacular, 138 meters high, into a cone shape into the sky.
Hofburg Palace is the palace of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty. Located in the center of the capital city of Vienna, the construction began in 1696
, completed in 1713, lasted more than 10 years. It was built for Prince Eugen by Emperor Aukal. Originally a French nobleman, Prince Eugen became a national hero who led the Austrian army to repel the Turkish invasion. In front of the palace on the heroes of the square erected on the heroes of his leaping horse bronze statue. He is a deep understanding of the art of architecture of military generals, architects in accordance with his vision of the construction of an imitation of the French Palace of Versailles classical palace. It is also an opulent Baroque building, one of the most spectacular palaces in Europe.
Rationale for selection;
Criterion (ii) The Old City of Vienna is rich in history and its varied historic buildings tell the story of the 20th century, when Vienna's society was evolving and its values were changing.
Criterion (iv) Three important stages of cultural and political development in Europe: the Medieval Age, the Baroque Period, and the "Founding Period". "Founding Period" (Grunderzeit) are on full display in Vienna's urban development and historic architecture.
Criterion (vi) Since the 16th century, Vienna has been recognized as the "Musical Capital of Europe".
World Heritage Committee comment:
Vienna grew out of the early Gothic and Roman settlements, and by the Middle Ages had become the capital of the Holy Roman Empire (Austria-Hungary), with a strong Baroque flavor. From the early days of the great "Viennese School" to the "Grunderziet" of the early 20th century, Vienna has always played a unique and important role in the European music scene. The city is also home to a wealth of architectural treasures, including the Baroque castle and courtyards, as well as the Ringstrasse, a magnificent wide boulevard built in the late 19th century, along which are scattered the most important monuments of Vienna: the Hofburg Palace, the museums, the People's Park, etc. The city is also home to a number of other attractions, such as a large number of museums and a number of public buildings.
Introduction:
Vienna is the capital city of Austria, located in the northeastern part of Austria at the northern foot of the Alps on the banks of the Danube River, surrounded by the famous Vienna Woods, and to the south of the deep secluded valleys and open plains, it is an elegant, beautiful and clean garden city. Vienna's history began in the Roman Empire in the 1st century A.D., when the Romans built a castle here, and in 1137 it became the capital of the Austrian principality. 1278, the Habsburg family began its 7-century-long empire in Austria, with Vienna as its capital, and it grew rapidly. Magnificent Gothic buildings sprang up, and after the 15th century, Vienna became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe; in the 18th century, Maria Theresia and her son were enthusiastic about reforms during their reign, which pushed for social progress and brought about a boom in the arts. Vienna's 19th century for its most glorious period, the territory is increasingly expanding, but the advent of a world war (1914-1918), that is, for the dynastic history of the end, the Austrian Empire and Vienna also lost its former glory. During the Second World War, Vienna was severely damaged and occupied by the United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union*** for ten years. 1955, after Austria signed a treaty to become a neutral country, Vienna developed once again and became Austria's most important commercial and transportation center.
The most prestigious of Vienna's historic buildings is the Hofburg Palace, which means palace castle in German. This royal castle is situated in the inner city of Vienna. It was here that the Habsburg dynasty ruled the vast Austro-Hungarian Empire. The history of the Hofburg Palace goes all the way back to twelve hundred and seventy-nine, and almost every generation of emperors made alterations or extensions to their palaces. In the long history of seven hundred years, here recorded the empire of Empress Maria Theresia's enlightened rule, recorded Joseph II inherited his mother's career to carry out the reform of the brilliant performance, of course, also recorded Emperor Franz I in order to calm the dispute with Napoleon and married his daughter's shame, recorded Emperor Franz Joseph I era of multinational state from the boom to the decline of the scene. The Hofburg Palace is a witness to the various architectural styles of Europe. Whether Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, or the end of the last century of the imitation of the classical style, Hofburg Palace them all together. The palace was built according to the terrain, divided into two parts: the upper part and the lower part, each with a garden. On it is the emperor's office, welcome guests and hold a grand event place, under it as a living room to receive the lodging use. The whole palace has 1400 rooms with strange decorations, set in a huge complex in the shape of a quadrilateral. Among them, 44 rooms are particularly richly decorated. Napoleon had twice lived in this palace, where his portrait and his relics are still preserved. Palace of the "Austrian Gallery" collection of medieval to modern painting and sculpture masterpieces, this is actually the Austrian Palace Museum of Fine Arts, known as the city of the city of beauty. Austria's Habsburg family summer palace, also known as the "beauty of the Spring Palace", located in the southwest of the capital city of Vienna. American Spring Palace named after a spring, which was originally an open green space. Once Emperor Matthias came here on a hunting trip, drank from the spring and was so refreshed that he called the spring "Beautiful Spring". 70 years later, in 1743, Queen Mariage Theresia ordered the construction of a palace here, and a magnificent palace and baroque gardens appeared here. With an area of 26,000 square meters, it is second only to the Palace of Versailles in France. The palace has 1,400 rooms, 44 of which are Rococo and elegantly chic, but most are Baroque. The palace specializes in Oriental classical architecture, such as Chinese-style rooms inlaid with rosewood, ebony and ivory, and Japanese-style rooms decorated with clay gold and lacquer. The interior decorations of the rooms are also harmonized in the Oriental style, with ceramics inlaid on the four walls and ceilings. Among the wide array of ceramic furnishings are Chinese celadon and a large plate of Ming Dynasty Wanli colored porcelain.
Vienna is also known as the temple of world music. Like a huge magnet, she not only attracted many musicians to this place, but also nurtured generations of outstanding conductors and performers. Vienna State Opera, Vienna Friends of Music Association, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, a series of brilliant names to make the world's music lovers fell for it. The entire city of Vienna is a giant musical sanctuary, where spiritual communication is experienced without the need for words. ...... In 1867, the Society of Friends of Music commissioned Teufel Hansen to design a concert hall. Two years later, a building was born in a faux Renaissance style. Behind the clear lines of the dark red fa?ade was a magnificent hall with thirty gilded statues of the goddesses, which is why the Concert Hall is often referred to as the Golden Hall. Since its completion, the hall has been home to the world's most famous orchestra, the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. The hall specializes in large-scale concerts, the most famous of which is the annual New Year's Eve concert.
The Belvedere - a building known as the "palace of views". The stunning views from the windows earned it its poetic title. From the 18th century the palace was built until today, the view from the windows of the Belvedere Palace remains unchanged, elegant as usual. The beauty of Vienna has not been diminished by the change of time.
Vienna's neighborhoods are built on the Danube. The Ringstrasse around the old city center of Vienna is a famous street. Around it lie some of Vienna's proudest historic buildings.
Architecture, fine arts, music, literature ...... Vienna's historic central district materializes all the outstanding talents of Europe and reflects the high artistic taste of Europeans. The richness of Vienna's history makes it worthy of the title "Jewel Box of Europe". The historic center of Vienna, which is a work of art in its own right, was registered as a World Heritage Site in 2001.
The Hofburg Palace is located in the center of the city. Built in the 13th century, this palace was the palatial home of the Habsburgs for 600 years. Following the tradition that a new monarch could not live in a room that had been occupied by a previous emperor, the palace here has been remodeled and expanded many times, showing the architectural features and styles of each era. There is a statue of Elizabeth, who married into the Habsburg family and became an imperial consort. Elizabeth, who escaped from the suffocating palace and embarked on a life of debauchery, is a legendary beauty with tragic qualities. Elizabeth was obsessed with her own beauty to the point of morbidity. Various gymnastic equipment displayed in the room, are Elizabeth in order to maintain the ideal body shape and daily use. Elizabeth was also the first of the royal family to install a bathtub. However, Elizabeth's husband - Francis? Emperor Joseph's bedchamber was extremely plain. He detested luxury and considered it both pointless and unnecessary. Francis Joseph spent most of his time in his bedchamber. Joseph spent most of his days in his austere chambers, and in 1857 he issued an imperial decree for the transformation of Vienna. The main project for the transformation of the capital was the demolition of the surrounding walls. In the 19th century, Vienna's population increased dramatically and urban renewal became imperative. On the site of the dismantled walls, circular roads were built. One by one, representative buildings of Vienna were erected on either side of the new, wide road.
The Opera House was the first building to be erected along the ring road. The Parliament building was heavily influenced by ancient Greek style. The spire that rises behind the Parliament building is the Vienna City Hall. This is a very different neo-gothic building from the Parliament building. This area can be described as a "melting pot of architectural forms". Among the many European theaters, the Theater Royal is considered to be the most elegant. Inside the Theater Royal, there was a special staircase for the Emperor, which only Francis Joseph was allowed to use. Francis Joseph was the only one allowed to use it. This theater, which combines the decorative styles of several eras, was a particular favorite of Emperor Francis Joseph. The Emperor Joseph was particularly fond of it. The painting of the patio above the staircase is striking. There is a fresco of the birthplace created by the young Klimt at the end of the 19th century.
Klimt's artistic achievements were appreciated by the emperor and he was awarded a medal. However, he was unimpressed by the honor, but was instigating a new artistic trend that reflected the demands of the times. A domed building decorated with golden laurel leaves was the exhibition hall of the Art Nouveau Secessionists. The Secession was a new wave of art that emerged at the end of the 19th century. The leader of the Art Nouveau wave was the famous Klimt. In the underground exhibition room, Klimt's mural on the theme of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, "Ode to Joy," is on display. This is also his masterpiece. Klimt's work depicts the various desires of human beings. Its expressive power shocks every viewer.
Schiller, the great German writer, once said, "It is a vice to want to be loved by all people". Klimt's quest for a new kind of art is a response to these words. The New Wave, with Vienna as its stage, spread to architecture as well.
This is the case with the Secessionist architect Otto? Wagner designed collective apartments with walls decorated with floral patterns. Wagner also tried to root a new "beauty" in Vienna. Wagner's masterpiece is the Post Office. The roof was entirely glazed in order to let in all the sunlight. The people of the time could not help but marvel at this ingenious design. In fact, this all-glass roof design is also full of Wagner's wish, that is, for the Viennese living in the long winter to get as much light as possible, functional and practical things are pleasing to the eye. And Wagner's claim is carried out in every detail.
Just as the Ringstrasse was being built, a musician began to make a name for himself in Vienna. That musician was Johann Strauss, known as the King of the Round Dance. Strauss. At the emperor's palace, grand balls were held every night. The ball echoed with Strauss's beautiful melodies. Strauss's elegant and light melody firmly captured people's hearts. People said, "Without Strauss, Vienna would not be able to survive".
The Hofburg Palace can be called the landmark of old Vienna. In stark contrast to the Hofburg Palace is a building opposite it. It abandoned all the cumbersome decorations, with a simple and fresh style stands in front of people. It was designed by Adolf Roth, an architect who returned from the United States. Ross Building designed by Adolf Ross, an architect who returned from the United States. There were no decorations, only neatly arranged windows. The simplicity of this design gave a strong shock to those who were used to baroque architecture at that time. But it was the Roth Building that announced the beginning of a new era in modern architecture. Ironically, the second half of the 19th century, when Vienna became one of the world's cultural centers, was also a period of political decline. The Austrian Empire, beset by internal and external conflicts, slowly went into decline. And it left the world with the blinding glory of a European gem ......