In the actual teaching activities of the teaching staff, often need to prepare the teaching design, the teaching design of the elements of teaching as a system, analyze the teaching problems and needs, to establish the outline of the procedures for solving the problem, so that the teaching effect is optimized. How to write a teaching design to play its role? The following is my collection of the unified version of the compulsory high school language book "Ascent of Mount Tai" famous teacher teaching design, I hope to help you.
2. To understand the stylistic features of the record.
3. Master the key real words, imaginary words, special sentence patterns and other basic knowledge of the literary language; accumulate the relevant ancient cultural knowledge in the text.
Study Method Guidance
1, through repeated reading aloud to experience the language of this "record" refined, vivid words, rhetoric and other artistic features. 2, recite the whole text, memorize the literary sentences, summarize the rules of the literary language. 3, the text of the "record" is a very important part of the study of the Chinese language.
Knowledge Reserve
1, the interpretation of the title:
Mount Tai is also known as Dai Shan, Dai Zong, Dai Yue, Dong Yue, Tai Yue, the momentum of the majestic, "the first of the five mountains," said. Mount Tai is a politically colorful culture of the mountain, was regarded as the ancients "straight to the emperor seat" of heaven, become the people worship the emperor to sue the sacred mountain, at the same time, Mount Tai is also a beautiful natural mountain, attracting countless literati to come to sightseeing to visit.
2, Tongcheng School:
The most influential school of prose in the middle of the Qing Dynasty was founded by Fang Zhao, and developed by Liu Dali, Yao Nai, forming a complete theory, and the three were called the "Three Ancestors of Tongcheng," Yao Nai is known as the leader of the school, who adhered to the idea of "unity in the Way of writing" and emphasized the importance of righteousness and justice. Yao Nai, known as the leader, adhered to the idea of "the unity of literature and Taoism" and emphasized the relationship between content and form. Scenic prose is particularly unique achievements. Tongcheng school of literature in the Qing Dynasty has a great impact on the correction of the late Ming and early Qing literary style, to promote the development of prose has played a role.
3, remembering and travel records
"Record" is an ancient literary style, through the record of people, events, objects, scenery, to express the author's feelings and ideas. "Record" in the Tang Dynasty into the literary world, the Song Dynasty, its content has been expanded, the form is more solid, the Ming and Qing Dynasty, the subjectivity of the color is more intense, gradually mature and solid.
"Travelogue" is a kind of "record". It is a genre of prose that expresses the love of nature and the sense of society and life through the narrative of the tour process and the description of the tour experience, and the form is flexible and free.
Teaching Objectives
1. To guide students to accumulate some real words in the literary language through reading aloud, and then understand the meaning of the text.
2. To guide students to clarify the ideas of this article and to appreciate the characteristics of the scene.
3. Instruct students to appreciate the wonderful writing scene, taste the image and beautiful language, and learn the writing method.
The Teaching Process
A. Introduction of the new lesson:
Chinese literati, seems to have a kind of innate, can not be resolved Taishan complex, Taishan to them, is a vital spiritual image. Cao Zhi declared, "I am a native of Mount Tai," and "I look down on the five mountains, and life is suddenly like a parasite," and regarded Mount Tai as a spiritual support and a place to return to. Li Bai's wildly chanting "A long whistle at the Heavenly Gate, ten thousand miles of clear wind" created a marvelous and magnificent magical mood, reflecting the spirit of indulgence across the world. Du Fu's song, "When you are on top of the world, you can see the smallest mountains", gives people a positive and enterprising spirit of encouragement. The brothers Su Shi and Su Zhe regretted that they had not climbed Mount Tai: "I hate that you don't go to the top of the East Mountain, and watch the golden wheel coming out of the nine ghosts at night." Today we will follow Yao Nai to climb Mount Tai together.
Second, the author of the introduction (projection)
"Mount Tai" from the "Shih hug Xuan Poetry and Literature Collection", the author Yao Nai, the word Ji Chuan, a word Meng Gu, Tongcheng people in the Qing Dynasty, the outstanding prose, Tongcheng school of the masters. He was known as "Mr. Shihou" because of his room name Shihou Xuan, and he wrote "Shihou Xuan Collection", and his "Compilation of Ancient Writings and Rhetoric" is a collection of articles that has been passed down from family to family in recent times.
Third, ask questions about the main points of knowledge of the literary language
Requirements:
1, the explanation of the punctuation.
2. Translation of the added horizontal line, and state the characteristics of the sentence.
The sun of Mount Tai, the water of Wen flows west; its Yin, the water of Ji flows east. The Yang Valley are all into the Wen, Yin Valley are all into the Ji. When its north-south division, the ancient Great Wall. The highest Riguanfeng, in the Great Wall fifteen miles south.
Yu to Qianlong thirty-nine years in December, from the capital by the wind and snow, through Qihe, Changqing, through the northwest valley of Taishan, over the Great Wall of the limit, to Tai'an. Is the month of dingwei, and the governor Zhu Xiaochun Ziying by the southern foot of the board. Forty-five miles, the road are stone for stone steps, its level seven thousand more.
Mount Tai is south of the three valleys. In the valley around the city of Tai'an, Li Daoyuan called the ring of water. I began to follow to enter, Road less than half, over the middle ridge, and then follow the west valley, so to its top. In ancient times, when we climbed the mountain, we followed the east valley to enter, and there was a heavenly gate on the road. The east valley is called Tianmen Stream in ancient times, which is not reached by the rest of the world. Today, through the middle ridge and the mountain top cliff limit when the road, the world are called the Tianmen cloud. Road in the fog ice slippery, stone step a few can not be climbed. And both on, Cangshan negative snow, bright candles south of the sky; look at the evening sunshine city, Wenshui, Feedback, such as paintings, and half of the mountain fog if the band.
E Shen obscure, five drums, and Ziying sitting at the Rikuan Pavilion, to be the sunrise. Gale force winds Yang snow hit the face. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of a car and I was in the middle of a car, and I was in the middle of a car, and I was in the middle of a car. Extreme sky clouds a line of different colors, in a flash into five colors. On the day, is red as Dan, under the red light, shake to bear. Or said, this East China Sea. Back to look at the day view to the West Peak, or get the day, or not, Jiang Hao barge color, and all if the hunchback.
Pavilion west of the Dai ancestral temple, and the Bixia Yuanjun ancestral temple; the Emperor's Palace in Bixia Yuanjun ancestral temple east. On this day, the view of the road in the stone carving, since the Tang Xianqing, the ancient carving of the far end of the diffuse loss. The remote not when the road, are not as good as to go.
Mountain more stone, less soil; stone pale black, more square, less round. Few trees, more pines, raw stone gaps, all flat-topped. Ice and snow, no waterfalls, no birds and animals sound traces. To the day within a few miles of the view of no trees, and snow and human knees.
Fourth, to guide students to draw a mind map
(a) the mind map is relatively simple to do:
Understanding of modern literature is generally interpreted in three ways: first, what is written (content, structure); second, how to write (techniques); third, what is expressed (feelings, emotions, etc.) can be included in these three aspects, you can write a point.
(b) students free play to create a mind map (20 minutes)
(c) student exchanges, recommended display (10 minutes)
V. Teacher summary
1, summarize the characteristics of this article:
First, the writing of the scenery to remember the tour, always centered on the author's activities, from the capital "by the snow" and came to the "wind and snow".
Secondly, the description of the whole activity and tightly around a center, that is, the day view of the peak as the center of the whole article, the structure is rigorous.
Third, the language is simple and clear, the description is vivid and vivid, and the depiction is very characteristic.
The article takes the time as the warp, takes the Taishan scenery as the weft, and adopts the writing method of moving step by step to describe the scenery layer by layer in-depth, with a complete and rigorous structure, concise language, vivid image, reflecting the style of Yao Nai's prose.
2. The realization of life:
(1) The world's wonders and monsters, the very view is often in the danger of far away, not the aspirant, not the powerful, not the sentimental and can not reach, can not be realized.
(2), not through the storm, how can I see the rainbow. To get the feeling of beauty, not to pay the price of hard work can not be the world of the strange and weird, very often in the view of the risk of distant, non-aspiring, non-powerful, non-emotional and can not be to, can not be enlightened.
The purpose of teaching:
I. Analyze the author's visit to Mount Tai and the route of the mountain.
II. Teaching related words to understand the different meanings of related words in ancient and modern times.
C. Understand the special sentence patterns.
Teaching Focus:
Understanding the author's route.
Teaching focus:
I. Understand the special sentence pattern.
II. Understand the different meanings of words and phrases in ancient and modern times.
Teaching process:
I. Review and consolidation:
Draw students to recite the first natural paragraph off to answer the following questions.
1, the ancient and modern meaning of words: Yang
2, to understand the live use of words: west, east.
3, understand the special sentence: when its north and south of the division, the ancient Great Wall.
Second, teaching a new lesson:
Draw students to read aloud the article two natural paragraphs and answer the following questions:
What is the main content of this natural paragraph?
Clear: the account of the mountaineering process, focusing on the difficult mountaineering and the sights seen after reaching the top of the mountain, which is the focus of the narrative. (This paragraph of the line of thought: first write from the capital to Tai'an, pointing out the time and seasonal excursion - and then write the process of climbing - and then write the beauty of the scene.)
Teach the relevant words: `The world is called the clouds of the Heavenly Gate - clouds, tone auxiliary. Today it is generally used as a noun, clouds. Sentence meaning - the world has called it "Tianmen Mountain"
As for Tai'an - "as for" is a verb. The verb "to" is used in conjunction with the preposition "于", which is not a conjunction for bringing up something else, and its meaning is to arrive, to reach. The meaning of the sentence is: arrive at Tai'an.
The month is Ding Wei - is, this, this. Today, it is often used as a judgment word. The meaning of the sentence is: this month Dingwei.
The western valley was followed again - again, again, and again. The word is often used as a judgmental word. Today's commonly used meaning: back and forth, repeat and so on. Cliff limit when the road ---- limit: threshold, noun. When, block, verb. Where there is a high cliff across the road. Crossing the limit of the Great Wall - limit, boundary, noun. Crossing the limit of the Great Wall.
Yu in the second month of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (Yu: I, to: in. I am in the February of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong.)
Its level of seven thousand and more. (Several, indicating an indefinite remainder after the whole number. There are more than seven thousand steps)
and both on (and: until, preposition. I'll wait until I get to the top of the mountain.) Today, we are passing through the middle ridge and the top of the mountain. (and: and, conjunction. (The middle ridge and the top of the mountain that we are passing through now)
The world is called the Heavenly Gate Cloud. (Cloud: a modal auxiliary, expressing an uncertain tone of voice. (The world is known as Tianmen Mountain.)
Special syntax: Yu did not reach there (也，表判，句意为：我没有到达那里。) Pavilion east from the feet of all clouds Man (with all, table judgment. The east of the pavilion is filled with clouds from the feet down.)
Omit the sentence: I sat with Ziying at the Riguan Pavilion waiting for the sunrise (omit the subject: Yu.). Sentence meaning: I sat with Ziying on the Riguan Pavilion waiting for the sunrise.)
The Cangshan Mountain is snowy and brightly lit in the south of the sky (the object of the latter clause is omitted from the subject of the former). "Cangshan" before the omission of the predicate: see. Sentence meaning: the green mountains are covered with snow, and the light of the snow illuminates the sky to the south. (Candle: noun verb, shine.)
Third, translate the second paragraph:
I set out from the capital in December of the thirty-ninth year of the Qianlong reign, braved the wind and snow, passed through Qihe and Changqing, passed through the valleys in the western part of Taishan, crossed the boundary of the Great Wall, and arrived at Tai'an. On the twenty-eighth day of this month, with his friend Zhu Xiaochun Zhi Ziying, the governor, climbed from the foot of the south side of the mountain. The entire forty-five miles, the road are stone stone steps, the steps have more than seven thousand. There are three valleys on the south side of Mount Tai. The middle one flows around the city of Tai'an, and this is what Li Daoyuan called the Ring of Water. We entered the mountain along this valley at the beginning, and after walking a little more than half the distance, crossed the middle ridge, and then went up the western valley to its summit. In ancient times, when one climbed the mountain, one entered the mountain along the eastern valley, and the Heavenly Gate was in the path. The valley to the east, which in ancient times was called Tianmen Stream, is a place we have not reached. Now we pass through the middle ridge, and the top of the mountain has a high cliff across the road, the world is called "Tianmen Mountain". The road is cloudy and icy, and the steps are almost impossible to climb. When we reach the top of the mountain, the green mountains are covered with snow, and the light of the snow illuminates the sky to the south. Looking at the city from afar, in the light of the setting sun, Wenshui, Feedback seems to be a picture, halfway up the mountainside stayed in the clouds, as if a belt like.
Fourth, draw students to answer the following questions:
(a), how is the process of climbing the mountain?
Clear: from the southern foot of the climb, began to follow (in the valley) into the road less than half, over the middle of the ridge, and then follow the west valley, so to its peak.
(b), along the way and after reaching the top of the mountain to see what scenery?
Clarification: On top of the mountain, I saw the green mountains covered with snow, and the snow reflected the southern sky. Looking away from the sunset shining citadel, Wenshui and Feedback live like a landscape painting, halfway up the mountain still stays in the mist, like a girdle.
Generalization: this part can be divided into three layers: First, write the journey from the capital to Tai'an. Second, write the route from the southern foot of Mount Tai to the top of the mountain, and third, write the summit of Mount Tai, the view of the southern part of Mount Tai from a distance. (The journey is far, the climb is difficult, the scenery is beautiful)
V; homework design: familiar with the text
VI, the board design:
I. Write the journey from the capital to Tai'an. The journey is far, the climb is difficult, and the scenery is beautiful
ii. Write the route from the southern foot of Mount Tai to the top of the mountain.
C. Write the summit of Mount Tai and look out over the southern part of the mountain.
I. Design Purpose:
1, to cultivate students' awareness of modern life.
2. Cultivate students' independent learning ability.
3. Shorten the distance between students and ancient literature.
II. Teaching Ideas
According to the text, reorganize the teaching content. Students are invited to introduce Mount Tai to tourists as a guide, designing hiking routes for tourists, arranging trips and living arrangements, and introducing key landscapes.
The teaching process
(a) Introduction to stimulate interest:
We have had the experience of traveling, the mountains and the water, the beauty is breathtaking, we often have a "mess of flowers" feeling; humanities, rich and brilliant, but we have a "In the treasure mountain do not know the treasure" of regret. At this point, we thought of the tour guide. Tour guide, can lead us to explore the subtle, get the essence of nature; can guide us to find our roots, get the essence of culture. The merit of the guide is "guide", read "Mount Tai", please also be a tour guide, lead us to appreciate the beauty of the landscape of Mount Tai, the beauty of culture.
(B) advertising excitement
According to the first paragraph of the text, reference to the relevant information, write a paragraph about Mount Tai, advertising for Mount Tai, arousing the interest of tourists.
Example (multimedia courseware display):
Mount Tai, anciently known as Dai Shan, is also known as Dai Zong. Located in the middle of Shandong Province, with a total area of 426 square kilometers. The main peak Jade Emperor Peak, elevation 1532. 8 meters. North and south of Mount Tai, each with a large river. In the south, there is Wenshui which flows away to the west; in the north, there is `Jishui which flows away to the east. At the demarcation of the north and south waters are the ruins of the Great Wall built by Qi during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods. The highest point of Mount Tai is Riguan Peak.
Mount Tai is majestic and magnificent, magnificent, with the power of the earth and the sky, and the posture of the sun, has always been the "Five Mountains" reputation. Mount Tai's natural landscape is unique in the world, the rising sun, sunset, the Yellow River, the jade belt, the sea of clouds and jade disk is known as the four best of Mount Tai. Mount Tai has been honored by successive emperors and kings, taking it as a symbol of the eternity of the mountain; Mount Tai has been praised by generations of literati, leaving thousands of inscriptions and carvings on the mountain, and Mount Tai is a treasure trove of culture and art in our country.
Du Fu has a poem, "When the top of the summit, a glimpse of the mountains," climbing Mount Tai, the top of the mountain, you can recognize the true face of Mount Tai, the infinite scenery of the eyes.
(C) design line
According to the second paragraph of the text, let the tourists from the south side of the mountain, designed to climb the line.
1, Zhonggu Mountaineering:
Tai'an City - Zhonggu - Zhongling - Xigu - - Mountain Top (the whole forty-five miles) -Top of the mountain (the whole forty-five miles)
2, East Valley Mountaineering:
Tai'an City - East Valley - Tianmen
(D) Arranging the tour
According to the text , a two-day winter tour is arranged for tourists.
The first day: from the city of Tai'an, hiking to the South Heavenly Gate, watching the evening sunsets on Mount Tai, staying at the top of the mountain.
The next day: five drums get up, watch the sunrise on Mount Tai at the Riguan Pavilion, and in the morning visit the Dai Ancestral Temple, Bixia Yuanjun Ancestral Temple, and the Emperor's Palace. In the afternoon on the way back to see the stone carvings in the road and Taishan Pine.
(E) key landscape introduction
According to the content of the text, to introduce the key landscape of Mount Tai to tourists. Requirements for the interpretation of the poetic, so that tourists are intoxicated, so that tourists stay and forget.
1. Cangshan Negative Snow Figure (Taishan Sunset Figure)
Yao Nai describes:
Cangshan Negative Snow, bright candles south of the sky. Looking at the evening sunshine city, Wenshui, Feedback as a picture, and the mid-level residence fog if the band.
Ask students to describe this spectacle in the language of modern prose.
Reference text (multimedia courseware display):
Climbing to the top of the mountain, looking far and wide, the mountains backed by snow, pale and holy; gnarled branches hung with silver bars, powdered jade. The mountain's continuous added to the momentum of the snow, snow white added to the mountain's clean. Snow light refracted to the southwestern sky, to the twilight added brightness; the evening sun reflects the peaks, to the snow covered with a layer of light red veil. Red makeup, enchanting everywhere. Mid-mountain clouds and mist wisps, winding mountains, like powder makeup woman singing and dancing. Landscape snow fog and fusion, daylight intertwined with the city, forming a magnificent and beautiful landscape painting.
2, Taishan sunrise
Yao Nai described:
Pavilion east from the foot of all the cloud diffuse, a little bit of white in the clouds if gambling gambling dozens of standers, the mountain also. Extreme sky clouds a line of different colors, a short time into the five picks. On the day, is red like Dan, under the red light shaking bear, or said: this East China Sea. Back to look at the day view to the west peak, or get the day, or not, Jiang Hao barge color, and all if the hunchback.
Students are asked to use modern prose language to describe the sunrise spectacle.
Reference text (multimedia courseware display):
Early in the morning on a winter's day, the sky was just white. A group of people will help each other to ascend to the Riguan Peak, under the feet of the clouds and mist, ears of the pine waves, sitting on the Riguan Pavilion, there is a sense of cloud driving mist. Distant mountains in the mist, like a mirage, near the peaks in the clouds, like a game of chance. Eyes on the east, between the sea and the sky floated a color line, a moment, the color line to expand its scope, into a brilliant ribbon, the ribbon slowly expanding into the red sea, the red light raging, shaking. The sun slowly rose from the sea as if it were burdened with something. In a flash, this crimson thing, it will emit dazzling light, the clouds are red, the snowy peaks are red, Riguanfeng on the tourists also bathed in the red sunrise.
(F) send off (homework):
Nowadays, advocating civilized tourism, "in addition to your footprints, do not leave anything; in addition to your memories, do not take away anything", goodbye to Mount Tai, what kind of memories is the best? Familiarize yourself with the "Ascent of Mount Tai", the beautiful scenery of Mount Tai, the splendid culture of Mount Tai, will be long stay in your heart.
Four, creative description
1, optimize the teaching materials
ancient Chinese teaching is the most taboo string of lectures, everything, the focus is often submerged. The use of guided tours to deal with teaching materials can highlight the key points, but also the pulse fall clearly. The second paragraph of the text is relatively cumbersome, and let the students design a hiking route, leading a line with the whole paragraph, and complete the relevant exercises after class. Introducing the key landscape, in fact, is to learn the text of the two or three paragraphs, which is the essence of the whole text.
2, role-playing
Learning psychology has a good educational method is role-playing, that is, let students imitate the role of others to act. Experiments have shown that the more effort put into role-playing, the more effective it is in changing attitudes and the more learning is achieved. Students are sitting in a classroom, and they are tired of sitting on the sidelines in passive roles. Let the students be a tour guide, will be difficult to learn the ancient text and vivid tour guide work combined, can make learning in a relaxed image of the situation, but also add their new life experience.
3, read and write together
advertisement for Taishan, with modern prose language introduction to the landscape of Taishan, etc., is not a simple translation of the ancient text, and to mobilize the literary description of the techniques, in order to introduce the poetic. Read an ancient text, but also write a few scenes alive.