At 3:00 p.m., the grand and solemn founding ceremony began. Participating in this ceremony were all the delegates of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, representatives of the capital's factories, colleges and universities, institutions, citizens, suburban farmers and city defense forces and so on, **** about 300,000 people.
Lin Boqu, Secretary General of the Central People's Government, announced the beginning of the ceremony. The Chairman, Vice-Chairman and members of the Central People's Government took their places. When Lin Boqu announced "please Chairman Mao raised the national flag", Mao Zedong look solemn, pressed the electric button leading to the electric flagpole ...... the first dazzling five-star red flag down the flagpole, rising. At the same time, 54 guns salute 28 sound. These 54 salutes symbolize the 54 nationalities represented in the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference; the 28 salutes mark the 28 years of heroic struggle of the people under the leadership of the Chinese ****anufacturing party. The 300,000 people attending the Congress stood at attention and saluted, the conductor performed the hand-raising salute, watching the solemn and beautiful five-star red flag of the Chinese People's **** and the country rising.
At this solemn, enthusiastic moment, Mao Zedong read out the proclamation of the Central People's Government in a loud voice, announcing to the 475 million Chinese people and to the world: "The Chinese People's Republic of **** and the State is established! The Chinese people have stood up from now on!"
Then, the military parade began. Parade commander, commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army, Zhu De riding in an open car, in the "three major disciplines, eight notices" and other military music, accompanied by Nie Rongzhen, out of the east three gates, along the East Chang'an Street, Dongdan Square, until the foreign consulates gathered in Dongjiaominxiang Lane, the order of the three military forces in order to review the solemn and neat. After reviewing the troops, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De drove back to the Tiananmen Tower and read out the "Order of the Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army": All members of the Chinese People's Liberation Army resolutely carry out all the commands of the Central People's Government and Chairman of the Central People's Revolutionary Military Commission Mao Zedong to quickly purge the remnants of the Kuomintang's reactionary army, liberate all the land that has not yet been liberated, and at the same time, purge the bandits and all the other counter-revolutionary gangsters, and suppress all their acts of resistance and disturbance. all their acts of resistance and mischief.
The parade*** took more than two hours, and the total number of troops on parade was more than 16,000 people.
Next came the mass parade. In the front of the parade are workers, farmers in the suburbs of Beijing followed. The next step was the march of the cadres of the authorities and young students.
At 9:25 p.m., countless colorful fireworks were launched around the square. The people and the army of the capital sang and danced, celebrating the first night of the Chinese people's **** and the country to the fullest.
The Founding Ceremony proclaimed the birth of the People's Republic of China! It proclaimed the new birth of the Chinese nation!
The Founding Ceremony Milestones
Unknown
1949:
10.1 The first meeting of the Central People's Government Committee (CPGC) is held in Beijing. The meeting accepts the NCCP's "****together Program" as the policy guidelines of the Central People's Government; elects Lin Boqu as Secretary-General; appoints Zhou Enlai as Premier of the State Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Central People's Government, Mao Zedong as Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Committee of the Central People's Government (hereinafter referred to as "the Central Military Commission"), Zhu De as Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army, and Shen Junru as Chairman of the Supreme People's Government. Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shen Junru as President of the Supreme People's Court, and Luo Ronghuan as Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate. At 3:00 p.m., 300,000 people in Beijing held a solemn ceremony in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the founding of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly proclaimed the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China*** and State and personally raised the first five-star red flag. Chairman Mao read out the Proclamation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is the only lawful government representing the people of the People's Republic of China. This Government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government that is willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty." A military parade and mass procession followed. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De inspected the navy, army and air force and announced the Order of the Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), ordering the PLA to quickly purge all remnants of the Kuomintang's armed forces and to liberate all the yet to be liberated territories. On the same day, Beijing Xinhua Broadcasting Station conducted a live broadcast of the Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China*** and the State in Tiananmen Square. This is the first large-scale live broadcast in the history of the Chinese people's broadcasting, people's radio stations across the country at the same time broadcast.
10.2-3 The founding conference of the Chinese Congress for the Defense of World Peace (hereinafter referred to as "CDPWP") was held in Beijing. The Congress adopted the Declaration of the Chinese Congress for the Defense of World Peace, and Guo Moruo was elected President of the NCPDP.
10.3 China establishes diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.
10.9 The first meeting of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was held in Beijing. The meeting elects Mao Zedong as Chairman of the First National Committee. The meeting adopted the proposal of "taking October 1 as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China" and sent it to the Central People's Government for adoption and implementation.
10.21 The State Council of the Central People's Government was established.
11.11 The Air Force of the People's Liberation Army was formally established.
11.15 Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai calls the United Nations General Assembly, denying the legitimacy of the Chiang Kai-shek clique's participation in the General Assembly, and calling for the immediate cancellation of the Chiang Kai-shek clique's delegation. Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai called the Secretary-General of the United Nations Organization (UNO), Mr. Rhee, and the President of the UN General Assembly, Mr. Romulo, and declared that the so-called "Delegation of the National Government of China" had no right whatsoever to represent China, and demanded that the United Nations immediately abolish the Delegation's right to participate in the United Nations.
12.16-1950.2.17 Chairman Mao Zedong visits the Soviet Union. （On January 21, 1950, Premier Zhou Enlai arrives in Moscow.) On the 14th, the two governments concluded the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance in Moscow.
12.27 Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, was liberated. Thus, the campaign for the liberation of the Great Southwest China ended victoriously. The war of liberation of the mainland was basically over.
After the founding of New China in 1949, the policy of confiscating bureaucratic capital and transforming it into socialist state-run enterprises was carried out, so that the proletarian-led people's **** and the state took control of the country's economic lifeline, making the state-run economy the leading component of the entire national economy and laying the material foundation for the socialist revolution and socialist construction. ◆
Why Tiananmen Square was chosen as the venue for the celebration
Anonymous
At 2:58 p.m., Mao Zedong and other leaders appeared on the Tiananmen Square Citadel. Live announcer Ding Yilan immediately cheered: "Chairman Mao is here! Chairman Mao steps onto the Tiananmen Square Citadel." At once, Tiananmen Square became a sea of jubilation ......
Table of Contents
1. Weighing the choice of celebration site
2. Removing more than 200,000 tons of garbage from the three dynasties
3. For the facade of the new China facelift
4. Tiananmen Gate Tower of the Super Calligraphy Exhibition
4.
5. Chinese and Japanese artists teamed up to make the red lanterns
6. Zhou Enlai proposed that China's "first monument" be built in Tiananmen Square
1. Weighing the choice of venue for the celebration
The day of the founding of the new China should be held in a grand ceremony, which will be held on the parade, the idea of this as early as in, at the end of July 1949, the new China's first ceremony was held at the end of the month. At the end of July 1949, the idea was finalized.
But where to choose the venue for the founding ceremony?
The problem was that the founding leaders had a lot of trouble deciding on a location for the ceremony, and it took them a long time to decide.
The Founding Ceremony was held in the face of the whole of China, the world solemnly proclaimed the birth of the Chinese people **** and the country, this thing must be successful. And the importance of choosing a suitable venue, and therefore highlights.
In July, the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China set up the Preparatory Committee for the Founding Ceremony with Zhou Enlai as the director and Peng Zhen, Nie Rongzhen, Lin Boqu and Li Weihan as the deputy directors.
The program for the Founding Ceremony was soon taken out by the Preparatory Committee. There are three main elements of the program: first, the founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China*** and the State; secondly, the military parade of the Chinese People's Liberation Army; and thirdly, the people's procession.
The Preparatory Committee believes that these three elements are essential for the founding of a new China. In these three, how to hold a military parade, especially where the parade is held, determines the whole founding ceremony how to carry out the problem.
The question of how and where to hold the military parade became the center of the preparations for the Founding Ceremony.
Soon after the Founding Ceremony Preparatory Committee was established, a military parade command organization was set up. The leadership of this command organization was strong. The Founding Father, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, personally took command as the Commander-in-Chief of the parade. The commander-in-chief of the parade was Nie Rongzhen; the deputy commander-in-chief was Yang Chengwu, Tang Yanjie (chief of staff of the North China Military Region), Tang Yongjian (head of the Operations Division of the North China Military Region Command), Liu Ren (deputy secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the People's Republic of China***), Xiao Ming (chairman of the Beijing Municipal Federation of Trade Unions), and Xiao Song (secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the **** Youth League), and so on.
Yang Chengwu and Tang Yanjie on the special leadership positions, under the leadership of the Central Military Commission, first presided over the drafting of the "parade ceremony program".
The program was drawn up, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi and other central leaders, in the South China Sea, Huairen Hall, met with the person in charge of planning the parade ceremony, listened to the relevant reports.
Nie Rongzhen, the commander-in-chief of the parade, reported on the basic concept of the parade. Deputy commander-in-chief of the parade reported on the main contents of the parade program: the selection of the parade troops, organization, parade procedures, parade music and training before the parade and other matters; the program envisioned that the parade is divided into a review ceremony and a separate ceremony.
After listening to the report, the leaders have spoken, made some instructions.
The parade program passed successfully, but the opening of the parade place where, but not immediately decided.
Mao Zedong attached great importance to a good military parade. He said: "We have always advocated caution in the first battle, this parade is also the first battle, the first time the country. Must be good!"
Focused around the issue of determining the location of the parade, the members of the parade command center has been repeatedly studied.
One day in August 1949, a few generals of the North China Military Region were in the middle of the parade. Several generals from the North China Military Region came to Zhou Enlai's office and handed Zhou Enlai two sets of parade programs that they had repeatedly argued.
The first set of plans: the location selected in the city center Tiananmen Square; the second set of plans: the parade location in the suburbs of Xiyuan Airport, the two sets of plans were marked with a troop location and road map. For Zhou Enlai used to see the battle map, this map seems both simple and complex.
Zhou Enlai carefully looked at the map, tightly frowned, habitually one arm when hugged in front of the chest, pacing up and down in the office.
He did not immediately clap.
Both sets of proposals have advantages, but both also have disadvantages.
The parade is placed in Tiananmen Square, the favorable conditions are obvious: located in the center of Beiping City, when the leaders, the army and the masses of water and milk, the founding ceremony can be done with a bang, especially Tiananmen Square is a ready-made parade, do not have to spend too much effort, you can let all the delegates of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to the Tiananmen Square for the parade.
And, the streets around Tiananmen are well-connected and easy to concentrate and evacuate.
However, the parade in Tiananmen Square, there are some shortcomings: mainly to participate in the Founding Ceremony of the large number of people, the day of the city traffic to be interrupted for at least four hours; at that time, Chang'an Street is not wide enough, not after the widening of the street, far from being as broad as the later, can only be horizontal rows of infantry through the twelve columns. Three columns of cavalry and two columns of armored cars.
Compared with Tiananmen, Xiyuan Airport has the advantage that it has a wide airport runway, there is no worry about obstructing traffic. And there has been successful experience in holding military parades at Xiyuan Airport. On March 25, 1949, the North China Military Region, in order to welcome the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao into Peking, had already held a military parade watched by more than 10,000 people.
The defects of the military parade held at Xiyuan Airport, first of all, there is no parade deck, temporary construction to cope with some of the small scenes can be held, there will be hundreds of thousands of people to participate in the founding of the Grand Ceremony on the can not be, if you want to build the Tiananmen Square Tower as majestic parade deck, the cost of the project is large, investment of money, at that time are very difficult to do. Secondly, Xiyuan Airport is a long way from the city, hundreds of thousands of people to participate in the ceremony, it is not convenient to go back and forth; if there is no sizeable crowd to participate in the Founding Ceremony should be the atmosphere can not come out of the parade will not achieve the purpose of raising my military might, will affect the Founding Ceremony in the international and domestic impact. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night.
Two sets of programs, the arguers clearly favor the first program, but did not come up with a conclusive opinion.
The date of the founding ceremony is approaching day by day.
Troops preparing for the parade have already begun training for the separation ceremony.
There is only one month to go before the Founding Ceremony!
The center of gravity of Zhou Enlai's thinking falls on Tiananmen Square.
This stands in the center of the city of Beiping lofty and magnificent ancient Que Lou, formerly known as the Gate of Heaven, advised to carry the heavenly enlightenment, the orders of heaven" meaning. It was built in Ming Yongle fifteen years (1417). Destroyed by fire, the Qing Shunzhi eight years (1651) after the reconstruction called Tiananmen. It is the main gate of the old imperial city, the city gate five que, heavy building nine pillars. Tiananmen Square, from the overall layout of the square, there is a big "out of the sky" image. Looking out from Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, a brilliant, glittering, seemingly unparalleled solemnity, majestic. In fact, the Ming and Qing dynasties, all the buildings on the square, are as a companion to this main building and the building, which is why it looks like the Tiananmen Square Tower extraordinary mystery. Tiananmen Square is also one of the important activities of the Ming and Qing emperors, the most important activity is the "Golden Phoenix Award", every winter solstice to the altar of heaven, summer solstice to the altar of sacrifice, as well as the emperor's wedding and military campaigns and other grand ceremonies, are from the Tiananmen Gate access.
Tiananmen Square, the highest building in Beijing during the feudal era, is about to disappear as all traces of feudal imperial power, because the Chinese people *** and the founding of the country will be held to give it a whole new meaning, so that it from now on has a brand-new time and space.
The decision was made in the early morning. After repeated weighing, Zhou Enlai finally waved the pen and ink, wrote down the opinion: Chairman Mao, Commander-in-Chief Comrade Shaoqi parade: the date after the closing of the day of the establishment of the government. Parade location in front of Tiananmen Square is good. Time to be determined. Review commander by Nie (Rongzhen) as, parade commander please comrade Zhu De.
Zhou 9-2
This opinion reached Liu Shaoqi, who drew a pinecone-like not too small circle on his name.
Mao Zedong and Zhu De did not circle this opinion; they listened to Zhou Enlai's verbal presentation and analysis, and agreed to hold the Founding Ceremony in front of Tiananmen Square.
Since October 1, l949, Tiananmen Square became the symbol of the Chinese people*** and the nation. ◆
※ Excerpted from: Yu Jiang, edited by the "Founding Ceremony 6 hours - the secret behind the ceremony" article.
Why is Zhu De not in the photos of the Founding Ceremony?
Anonymous
On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in a strong Xiang tone from the Tiananmen Square citadel, and in an instant, ten thousand people cheered and the salute went off. However, in this solemn and sacred moment, Zhu De quietly walked out from behind Mao Zedong.
Why did Zhu De leave his position? Originally, the space on the citadel is narrow, he saw that the task of taking photographs of the Xinhua News Agency reporter in order to capture the complete picture, had to lean on the alabaster railing, a hard to lean back, leaning back. This is too dangerous! Zhu De saw the situation, rushed an arrow leap over, firmly hold the legs of the photojournalist.
With Zhu De's help, the reporter finally successfully completed the shooting. And Zhu De himself, also permanently left in the Founding Ceremony outside the lens