The rise of mine warfare. Within Shandong, Haiyang militia was not the first to invent and use landmines, but Haiyang militia invented and manufactured dozens of landmines in practice, and Haiyang's landmine warfare is the most famous in Shandong, which played a great role in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.
The objective conditions for the rise of mine warfare. The rise and development of mine warfare, has its objective inevitability. China's war of resistance against Japan, is the war of the whole nation, not only the army to participate, the militia is also an important force in the war of resistance of the whole nation. Since the militia was poorly armed, almost no decent guns, easy to make landmines naturally became the main weapon of the militia against the Japanese. Moreover, landmines themselves had a strong anti-personnel power. Under these conditions, the development and large-scale application of landmines became natural.
In the early 1840s, the Haiyang militia did not have landmines, nor did they have the experience of fighting the enemy with mines.In the spring of 1943, the county People's Armed Forces Committee held a meeting of the directors of the district armed forces committees in Nambu Village, Xiaoji District. County Armed Forces Committee Director Luan Jinjian introduced the Pingdu County Dazeshan District militia set up mine formation experience to kill the enemy, staff officer Yang Zhaolong taught the method of laying mines, and sent to the districts of a number of iron mines, Haiyang militiamen began to recognize the landmines, and with the landmines have formed an inseparable bond. In May of the same year, Xiaogi District Ruiyu villagers, deputy leader of the village militia Yu Fengming in Ruiyu, East Village between the highway to bury two mines, bombing killed and wounded from the line of the village out of the wheat grabbing the Japanese pseudo-military 5, opened the prelude to the mine war in Haiyang.
At the same time, the militia of other villages also took active action and began to use landmines to fight the Japanese invaders. In the fall of the same year, Zhao Tonglun, the captain of the village militia of Zhao Tong village, received two large mines from the district armed forces committee successively. After returning to the village, he and Zhao Shoufu and other militiamen got together to study several methods of burying mines, such as pulling threads and tripping threads, etc. One day at the beginning of October, Zhao Tonglun led Zhao Shoufu to bury two tripping mines near the top of Zaobu on the southwestern hill of the village, killing and wounding five pseudo-military soldiers. Wenshan villagers after the village soldiers learned that the line of the village of the enemy to the river cliff, Zhaitou, Xiao Ji area "sweep", instructor Li Shu Zi and sub-lieutenant Yu Huahu led the village bombing group, planted two mines in the wild tiger mountain, "sweeping" of the enemy from the small Ji turn back, just walked up the wild tiger mountain They stepped on a mine, four or five ghosts flew into the air. The enemy panicked, and just as they turned to the front slope, they stepped on another mine, and three more of them met their deaths. The rest of the enemy was so scared that they fled back to their strongholds and didn't dare to move out for more than a month. In the Dashan District, Yejia villagers, Ye Hongfu, a village soldier, buried a mine in Xiejia Village, killing and wounding five Japanese and pseudo soldiers; Yu Fengming had twice led the militia to use mines to kill and wound three Japanese soldiers, eight pseudo soldiers, and blew up the adjutant and interpreter of one, and blew up the war horse 1 dead.
The successful practice of mine warfare at the beginning greatly encouraged the anti-Japanese militia's fighting spirit, and mine warfare began to spread from point to point in the county. At first, mine warfare was only carried out in close proximity to enemy strongholds in Xiao Ji, Xing Village, Dashan and other districts, and then gradually throughout the county, Yushan, Longshan, Leishi, Changshui, Gaojia, Xujiadian and other districts of the militia in some villages, the successful use of mine warfare in the anti-Sweeper, and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders.
After the mine warfare was widely carried out, the supply of mines was insufficient. In order to solve this problem, Wenshan villagers after the village soldiers Yu Huahu, Li Shuzi, Yu Xishui, Yu Jinhu and other explosive backbone gathered together, *** with the discussion of the study of mine-making problems. After repeated tests, they have developed a variety of mines such as stone mines and trip mines. Since then, Zhao Tong, "five tiger village", Luan Jia, Xiaze villagers and soldiers also created stone mine.
In May 1943, Wenshan villagers after the village soldiers captain Yu Huahu led the militia buried more than 70 stone mines, all of which "bloomed" and killed the enemy 17 at a time. After the county armed forces committee summarized and promoted its experience, the county militia generally learn to build stone mines.
Since the development of mine warfare, out of the "sweep" of the enemy repeatedly frustrated, do not dare to act rashly. Party organizations at all levels to seize this favorable opportunity to mobilize the masses "anti-donation", "anti-grain", cut off the enemy's source of supply, so that the enemy strongholds in the grain broken grass. The trapped enemy came out like a tiger to "sweep". The militia in the mountainous region of Bundzi joined forces to fight the enemy.
The villages of Zhao Tong, Wenshan Hou, and Xiaotan were suitable for guerrilla warfare, and these three villages were the most active in mine warfare. The enemy tried to "sweep" inland several times, but they had them by the throat and beat them to a pulp. As a result, the three villages were honored by the Jiaodong Military Region as "Model Bombing Villages of Special Class". At that time, Zhao Tonglun and Zhao Shoufu of Zhao Tongtong, Yu Huahu and Li Shuzi of Wenshan Hou, and Sun Yumin of Xiaotan Village were the most famous. Although Sun Yumin was a fifteen or sixteen year old girl, she was a tiger who killed the enemy. She had to five or six miles away from the village to send information, but also only deep into the tiger's lair, disintegrated when the traitor's uncle Zhang Xianbin. She had taught more than forty women to bury mines and make mines. They buried some stones, copper coins, broken pots of iron and other things in the mine pits to multiply the lethality of the mines. The Zhao Tong militia created aerial trip mines, which were used to bomb enemy commanders and cavalry. In this way, they not only hit the "snakeheads", but also played a role in dismantling the pseudo-army. At that time, the whole mountainous area of Basin became a place for the militia to carry out sparrow and mine warfare. The enemy was defeated with a large number of casualties every time they went out.
Haiyang mine warfare played a great role in the war of resistance. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Haiyang militia used the flexible mine warfare, cooperated with the Eighth Route Army in combat, and skillfully engaged in a life-and-death struggle with the Japanese invaders, which made the Japanese army unable to defend themselves and lost their nerve on hearing the mines, and the Haiyang militia thus gained a great reputation, played a great role in the Anti-Japanese War, and became an important guarantee of the victory of the war of resistance.
In the winter of 1943, more than 300 Japanese and pseudo-army troops came to the area of East Village, north of Zhao Tong Village, to seize grain. Upon hearing the news, the Zhao Tong militia ambushed the nearby Zhaizi Mountain and laid a minefield on the main road. When the enemy reached a distance of two or three miles from Zhao Tong, they suddenly turned west. At this time, Zhao Tonglun, the militia leader who was ambushed on the hill, decisively ordered "Sparrow group to shoot, earth gunners to light the cannon, to draw the enemy over!" At once, the guns were firing and everyone was shouting to kill. The Japanese and pseudo-militia immediately pounced on the militia. Militiamen alertly turned to the direction of the minefield, continue to shoot cold shots, the enemy pounced towards the militia again, right into the militia laid a minefield, blowing up dead and wounded the enemy 15 people.
The cunning enemy has suffered a few times, they came up with some ways to deal with the mines. They met the "tread mine", they used lime powder to spread a circle around it to prevent contact; met the "trip mine", they are far away from the hook with an iron hook out. In order to prevent the enemy demining, we also studied the "mother and child chain mine", the enemy started the mother mine, the child mine followed by the explosion; the enemy caught the people in front of the mine, they studied the "pull mine", the masses to let the past, special bombing the ghosts of the brigade; the enemy irregularly walking, they implemented the "pull mine", the masses to let the past, special bombing the ghosts of the brigade, the enemies of the enemy. irregular walk, they will implement the "flying explosion". In the continuous practice, they have made and improved more than 30 kinds of mines, such as "Dingzi mine", "water mine", "plum blossom mine", etc., so that the enemy could not defend themselves and were repeatedly bombarded by mines. At that time, Zhaotong, Wenshanhou and Xiaotan were the most active villages in mine warfare, and they were famous as the "Special Model Explosive Villages" in Jiaodong Military Region. They buried a large number of mines on the enemy's lines of communication and offensive sections, and the enemy took the big road to blow up, took the small road to blow up, and took the cliffs, mountain ranges, beaches and crop fields to be bombed. Once, the enemy out of the cave to Wenshan, found the road buried mines, still in accordance with the old practice, with iron hooks to fish mines, and then hastened to lie down, but a fishing is false, but the real mine in the enemy lying down at the explosion, the traitor captain and a few ghosts were blown up into the sky together. In order to deal with the enemy's minesweeping team, the militiamen went around picking out new soil, deliberately revealing suspicious traces, burying the mines in places where there was no new soil, so that the enemy would be deceived. When the enemy discovered the secret of mines in places without new soil, the militiamen buried mines in the new soil, and inserted straw men next to the new soil, with slogans of "Down with the Japanese ghosts" written on them, so that the enemy was bound to pull up the mines angrily when they saw them, and then they were blown up by the mines. In order to numb the enemy, the militia also studied a mine in the belly of the automatic ignition of the "slow mine". Once the ghosts up out of the mines, carefully bring back to study, suddenly boom, the mines exploded, the house of the enemy blew to pieces. When the Japanese and pseudo forces went there, the mines sounded there, and the enemy was killed and wounded in every "sweep". At that time, there was a song circulating among the masses: "Haiyang's iron watermelon is famous all over the world. Rumble, rumble, rumble, bombing the ghosts blossomed."
In order to avoid stepping on mines, the enemy came up with an even more venomous tactic, which was to let the common people open the way in front. Once, when the enemy wanted to come out to seize grain, they captured some common people from the vicinity of the garrison and forced them to lead their animals to step on the mines in front to open the way, with the enemy trailing behind. In order not to hurt the people without reason, the militia invented a "long vine mine", and so on the front of the masses walked past, the militia ambushed in the side of the long line quickly pulled, with a few loud bangs, the enemy was blown up blood and flesh, while the people are safe and sound.
Because the enemy had been hit in succession, their strength was greatly damaged. In order to survive, they concentrated all of their peripheral Japanese and pseudo troops inside the Xingcun stronghold, forcing the surrounding masses to feed inside. Zhao Shoufu, Yu Huahu and other militiamen went to Dongshan, Peng Huazhuang, South Pozi and other villages, mobilizing the masses to cut off the enemy's supply, and organizing the establishment of their armed forces, learning mine-laying techniques. The enemy in the stronghold is sitting on empty, so they have to use cars from Qingdao to this side of the transportation. Our militia planted mines on the Qingwei highway where enemy cars were passing through, and blew up a car in front of it, while the remaining three cars turned around and fled in a panic. The militiamen swarmed up and unloaded a lot of rice and white flour from the cars, all of which were surrendered to the district committee.
The enemy failed to transport grain by land and switched to transporting grain by sea. The ship sailed to the south of Hejiacun, where there was no pier, the ship could not dock, the Japanese army asked the pseudo army to carry food in the water. Zhao Shoufu, Yu Huahu, etc. through the investigation, feel please the enemy to carry food in the water to and from the route, they will be buried in advance in the enemy to and from the road mines, such as the enemy to carry food close to the shore, the underwater chain of mines exploded, the enemy fell down a large number of deaths in the water, the militia took advantage of the opportunity to take the food away. Later, the enemy switched to using airplanes to transport grain, but there were too many wolves and not enough meat to meet the needs. Therefore, they could only throw to the "West Temple" Japanese side. But the aircraft flying too low to be beaten, flying too high and throw the inaccurate, threw three times something, the result is only thrown into the "West Temple" a packet of canned goods, the rest of all fell outside the fence, but became the militiamen's consolation. The enemy was trapped and fidgety.
May 19, 1945, the Japanese and pseudo-army more than 500 people invaded the "five tiger village", caught in a minefield, five hours to go less than five miles, step on more than 20 landmines, more than 30 people killed. The same year by the Jiaodong Military District awarded "combat model village" honorable title.
In May 1945, more than 2,000 Japanese and pseudo-army troops occupied the mountainous area of Bunzi. The Haiyang militia fought against the enemy in an unprecedented scale of landmine bombing, and achieved a major victory.
On May 18, the enemy in the Xingcun stronghold sneak attacked Zhao Tonglun. Zhao Tonglun and Zhao Shoufu obtained this information in advance, that is, they led the militia to set up a minefield in the village. The enemy broke into the woods in the north of the village and struck a trip mine; they then pounced on the crossroads and set off a "box mine", killing and wounding 16 Japanese and pseudo soldiers and killing a horse. On the 19th of the same month, more than 500 Japanese and pseudo troops invaded the "five tiger village", from 10 am to 3 pm, walked less than 5 miles, more than 20 mines. 26th afternoon, the Japanese and pseudo troops in the stronghold of Suogezhuang more than 600 people, retreating south in three ways. Wenshan villagers after the village soldiers captain Yu Huahu led the explosion group speed set mines to stop the enemy. Pseudo-army more than 200 people first arrived in the west of the village, three mines in a row, do not dare to move. The Japanese army of more than 200 people then arrived, in the northwest head of the village stepped on a mine, in the river stepped on a chain of mines, heavy casualties. The enemy was surrounded by mines and had a dilemma, so they had to carry more than 40 dead and wounded and fled to the strongholds of Kuangli and Sunjiakuang villages.In the second half of May, Japanese and pseudo-military forces set up strongholds in Sunjiakuang and Kuangli villages, which were a great threat to the militia's activities and the safety of the masses. Dashan District Combat Command deployed more than 20 explosive experts from Yejia, Xiujia, Daigezhuang, and Huijiapo villages, led by Yu Dongshan, the head of the District Armed Forces Committee, who touched the top of Huangshan Mountain at night to lay landmines. Since then, the militia will be night and day on the mountain to lay mines, the enemy was bombed every day, dead and wounded.