Don't forget what your initiative means.
Do not forget your initiative mind, go ahead:
Don't forget your original ideas and will, like forging ahead with a sword, that is, don't give up your original ideas and try to complete and realize them.
This sentence comes from Biography.
Biography is a philosophical work, written by China's philosopher in Ming Dynasty and a representative of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, Wang Shouren (word Bo 'an), known as Mr. Yang Ming. This book records his quotations and letters about learning. The etymology of "Chuan" comes from "Chuan Hu" in The Analects of Confucius.
"It is reasonable to be outside the heart, and this knowledge and behavior are two. Seeking the truth from my heart is the teaching of the unity of knowledge and action in this holy gate. "
Biography reflects Wang Yangming's theory of mind and nature and occupies an important position in the history of ancient philosophy in China. Until the present age, Wang Yangming's thought still has its profound influence in contemporary neo-Confucianism. Many thinkers and scholars in this century have been trying to make a modern explanation of it and try to overcome its prejudice.
Biography is a relatively pure philosophical work, and there has been no major breakthrough in its research for decades. Professor Deng Aimin, an older generation scholar in China, and young scholars such as Chen Lai, Fang Erjia and Yang Guorong have made some meaningful attempts in textual research, interpretation and evaluation of historical materials, which can be used as a reference when reading the Manual.
Wang Yangming's Classic Biography 18 Sentence
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Modest in heart, magnificent in quantity.
Analysis: According to the Book of Changes, the heaven loses its interest and modesty, while the tunnel becomes its interest and modesty, while ghosts and gods harm its interests and human nature is evil and modest. The world keeps moving, and people keep moving forward, relying on the way of "modesty". Modesty is not a hypocritical courtesy, but an attitude of never being satisfied, always advancing and constantly striving for self-improvement. And a broad mind is not only a sign of a person's maturity, but also a wonderful way for us to deal with interpersonal relationships.
02
It is not expensive to make mistakes, but it is expensive to correct them.
Analysis: Everyone makes mistakes, because mistakes are the only way for us to mature and succeed, but we must be good at correcting them. From Confucius to Wang Yangming, they all emphasized reform. Confucius praised Yan Hui for "never making mistakes twice", and it is already a high requirement not to make the same mistake twice. We should treat our mistakes strictly and reflect and correct them in time. Be tolerant of other people's mistakes as long as they can be corrected in time.
03
Every man has a saint in his chest, but he is not confident enough to bury himself.
Analysis: This sentence has three meanings. The first layer is that everyone has a saint in his heart, and everyone can think of him as a saint, Yao Shun. The second layer is that if a person wants to be a saint, he must seek for himself, be a conscience in his heart and seek the truth of everything.
The third level is that the "saints" in people's minds are buried and covered up by their improper behaviors and concepts. If a person wants to be a saint, he must get rid of these behaviors and ideas that cover his heart.
04
Those who don't know or do. Knowing and not doing it is just unknown.
Analysis: We thought we understood a good truth, but failed to put it into action. Wang Yangming thinks there is only one reason. You only know this truth, but you don't really understand it. Coincidentally, Socrates, the great Greek philosopher, believed that no one intended to do evil, and evil only came from ignorance. Although Wang Yangming didn't say evil here, his views are the same as Socrates'. According to this view, if a person really knows what is good and what is good, he will definitely do it. If he doesn't act, there is only one reason: he doesn't really feel good; Similarly, the reason why bad people do evil is ignorance of good, or they don't really realize good.
05
People have to grind things to stand, to calm down and decide, and to move.
Analysis: A student asked Wang Yangming that when I was quiet, I felt good and my thoughts were clear, but I was confused when I met something. Why? Wang Yangming said: "This is an effort that you only know how to rest, but have no self-denial. In this way, when something happens, it will be a mess. People should temper themselves on specific things, so as to stand firm, calm and firm, move with emotion and make decisions with reason. A person should temper himself in things, and it will help to study hard in things. If you only love silence, you will be flustered and never make progress. " Static kung fu, on the surface, is convergence, but in fact it is indulgence. "
06
Learn from yourself. If you only blame others, you will only see others' mistakes, not your own. If you can turn your back on yourself, you will see that you have a lot of unfinished business, and you will blame others.
Analysis: A friend often blames others for being angry. Wang Yangming warned him: "Learning should be reflexive. If you only blame others, you can only see others' mistakes and not your own shortcomings. If you can reflect on yourself, you can see that you have many shortcomings and have no time to blame others. Shun's younger brother is called Xiang. Xiang tried to kill Shun many times, but Shun still loved him. Wang Yangming said that the main reason why Shun can influence the arrogance of elephants is that Shun doesn't look at elephants. If Shun is determined to correct the evil of the elephant, he will only see that the elephant is wrong. The elephant is an arrogant person, and he will certainly not admit his mistake. How can Shun influence him? This friend felt very ashamed after hearing this.
07
Virtual spirit is not ignorant, everything has many causes, unreasonable outside the heart, nothing outside the heart.
Analysis: Virtual spirit originally refers to the initial hazy, chaotic and primitive state of the universe. From the point of view of human beings, virtual spirit refers to the return of human beings to nature and truth, which embodies a person's truth, goodness and beauty. It exists in a realm and style. In Wang Yangming's view, virtual spirit is probably connected with conscience. This sentence means that when you carefully reach the realm of "pure justice", "ethereal ignorance" or "conscience", that is, when a person's heart reaches a very quiet, single-minded and quiet moment, then the truth of everything will automatically appear. So there is no cause outside the heart, and there is nothing outside the heart. All the people who look outside are looking for fish by the tree.
08
There is no good disgusting body, there is good malicious action. Knowing good and evil is a conscience, and doing good and evil is a matter.
Analysis: There is no good or evil in my heart. There are good and evil, and your mind is moving. Knowing good and evil is a kind of good knowledge. Doing good and eliminating evil is based on understanding things. Wang Yangming condensed the essence of "Mind Learning" into these four sentences and 28 words. He believes that "conscience" is the noumenon of the heart, and all good and evil are hearts that are not covered by selfish desires. This is "natural justice" and "no good or evil" in "emotion has not yet developed", which is also the realm we pursue. And when people have thoughts and add them to things, this kind of thoughts will be divided into good and evil.
When evil thoughts rise, people often make mistakes in judgment, that is, "the action of will", that is, they cannot correctly distinguish good from evil, treat evil as good and treat good as evil, then people's "conscience" will also make mistakes, and thus "personality" will also go astray. At this time, I have to ask myself. Try to make your heart return to a state of innocence. Only by returning to the state of no good and no evil can we have a correct conscience and attitude. As long as we can achieve a heart without selfish desires, the truth in our hearts is actually the truth of everything in the world.
09
Persistence is like heartache. When you are absorbed in the pain, you have no time to gossip and meddle.
Analysis: You have a belief in your heart, which leads to conscience and ends in perfection. Just like the pain in your heart, always remind yourself to reflect on yourself, keep good thoughts and do good deeds, so that you will naturally have no distractions.
10
Good thoughts are known and full; Evil thoughts stop when they are known.
Analysis: when a good idea germinates, we should realize to expand it; When evil thoughts germinate, you should realize to stop them. Knowing, expanding and stopping is ambition and wisdom given by God. The ancients said that it is easy to act according to one's own evil thoughts, just like a landslide, which suddenly broke out and was out of control; Acting according to one's own beautiful ideas is as difficult as climbing a mountain, which requires unremitting confidence and perseverance. When your good thoughts germinate, you should be good at discovering and amplifying them in time, and eventually become good deeds; When evil thoughts germinate, we should detect them in time and stop them as soon as possible. Wang Yangming said that this is the way for saints to cultivate themselves.
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Life is a serious illness, but it is just a proud word.
Analysis: Mr. Yang Ming said: "A serious illness in life is just a proud word." The word "pride" is the biggest problem in life. When I was a child, I was arrogant and inevitably unfilial; Being an arrogant parent is inevitably unkind; Arrogance as a friend is bound to be faithless. "Pride" is the antonym of modesty. It disdains to associate with others and looks down on others in study. Seems to be far above knowledge. So Mr. Yangming warned people: "Modesty is the foundation of all good, and pride is the root of evil."
12
Everyone has this conscience. A saint just keeps himself alive without hindrance, works hard, keeps his wings flapping, and naturally keeps learning.
Analysis: Wang Yangming inherited the essence of Mencius' thought. He said that good knowledge and ability are possessed by everyone, whether a saint or a fool. Saints just let them not be deceived, be conscientious and diligent, and their conscience will naturally last forever. This is also practice.
13
The human heart is heaven. The noumenon of the heart, everything should be done, is originally heaven. Just because of selfish desires, I lost the ontology of heaven.
Analysis: The human heart is heaven. The noumenon of the heart is all-encompassing, and it is heaven. Just blinded by selfish desires, lost the original face of the sky. There is no end to the reasons in my heart. This is a deep one. It was only because of selfish desires that Yuan's true colors were lost.
14
The truth of the heart is infinite, and it is a kind of profundity. Only for selfish desires, deep loss of ontology. Now you think about your conscience and suffocate this obstacle together, and the ontology will be restored, which is heaven.
Analysis: human heart, nature and heaven are one, and everything contained in the sky is also everything contained in the heart. The essence of the sky is the essential content in people's minds. Therefore, there is only one mind, one sky and one noumenon day of knowledge.
Now, if you don't forget your conscience and clean up all the blinding and suffocation, your heart will recover and your heart will be a paradise again.
15
As long as you know, how can you remember? You know, this is the second meaning. As long as you know yourself. If you want to remember, you don't know; If you want to know, you can't know your own ontology.
Analysis: A friend asked Wang Yangming: "Study hard, what if you can't remember?" Wang Yangming replied: "As long as you understand it, why do you have to remember it? To know that understanding is secondary, it is important to make your mind bright. If you just want to remember, you can't understand; If we only seek understanding, we cannot make the self-centered ontology bright. " Wang Yangming said that the purpose of reading is to invent our true nature, that is, "to our conscience", rather than to remember a word or a sentence. Not how to remember books, but how to motivate yourself with the truth in the book.
16
Conscience is the spirit of nature. These elves, born, turned into ghosts and emperors, all came out from here, and it really has nothing to do with things.
Analysis: Conscience is the spirit of nature. These spirits gave birth to heaven and earth ghosts and gods, and they gave birth to everything. Nothing can be compared with them.
17
If a person regains his integrity, he owes nothing, and he doesn't want to dance. I don't know what joy there is between heaven and earth.
Analysis: "If people can completely restore their conscience and have no defects, they will naturally dance. I wonder if there is any fun between heaven and earth to replace? "
18
Those who plant trees need to prune their roots, while those who plant virtue need to prune their hearts.
Analysis: Wang Yangming said in his letter to his son: "Everyone who is a man is in his heart; Kind-hearted, a good man; Fierce and cruel. Like a tree fruit, the heart is the pedicle; If the pedicle is bad, the fruit will fall. " The heart is the root, and the heart is like the pedicle of the fruit. If the pedicle is broken, the fruit will definitely fall prematurely. The most important thing in doing things is to "cultivate the mind" and invent the initial heart. When a person's inner evil thoughts overwhelm good thoughts, he will do bad things; A person's heart is unstable and can't do anything. Wang Yangming used the metaphor of planting trees here to tell us that the heart of our school is the foundation of our Xiu De and doing things.