Because it is located in the southern end of the Tibetan Plateau Hengduan Mountain Range to the northern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau transition zone, Lijiang's climate by the influence of the South Asian plateau winds, wet and dry seasons are distinct, the temperature does not change much, surrounded by beautiful scenery, the natural environment is beautiful.
Lijiang's terrain slopes from northwest to southeast, in a step-like decline. The highest point of elevation is 3396 meters at Fanziphe, the main peak of Yulong Mountain, and the lowest elevation is 1219 meters at Jinshajiang River Valley, with a height difference of 4337 meters.
As early as 100,000 years ago, there have been late Paleolithic Homo sapiens "Lijiang people" in the activities here. The discovery of cave petroglyphs in the Jinsha River Valley and the numerous neolithic, bronze and iron weaponry prove that Lijiang is one of the most important areas of ancient human activities in southwest China. According to historical records, during the Warring States period (475-221 years ago), Lijiang belonged to Shu County of Qin, Suijiu County was set up in Yuhan, and then belonged to Tubo and Nanchang in the Tang Dynasty, and then submitted to Dali in the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty (1271 AD), Lijiang Xuanwu Si was set up and became known as Lijiang. Ming Dynasty (1368"-16644 AD), set up Lijiang military and civilian government; the first year of the Qing Yongzheng (1723 AD) set up Lijiang Province; Republican Period (1911-1949 AD) set up Lijiang County; July 1949 established Lijiang County People's Government, in April 1961 was re-set Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County.
Lijiang Ancient City is located in the Jade Dragon Mountain, a plateau at an altitude of 2,400 meters on the plateau, was built in the late Song and early Yuan (the end of the twelfth century to the 13th century in the middle), with a total area of 3.8 square kilometers. The old set of government offices in the south of the city, built around the Palace Court. On a main axis of east and west, there are stone pagodas, danchi, halls, supporting halls, kuangbi building, yuyin building and other buildings. Xu Xiake, a great traveler in the Ming Dynasty, once marveled: "The beauty of the palace is compared to that of the king". City
North for the commercial district, with the Sifang Street as the center, four trunk roads were meridian-shaped extension in all directions, the street are set up commercial stores.
The east of the city is the seat of the government offices in the old days, the existing civilization Square, Temple of Literature, Temple of Martial Arts.
"City by water, water with the city in" is a major feature of Lijiang Dayan Ancient City. Located in the north of the city's Black Dragon Pool for the ancient city's main water source. Pool water from north to south and meandering down to the double stone bridge is divided into bundles, in the west of the three provisions of the stream, the tributaries and then divided into countless streams, into the wall tickle households, through the field to walk the court, forming the main street along the river, alleys in front of the water, across the water to build the building of the scene. Above the water network, different shapes of stone bridges, wooden bridges as many as 354, so that the bridge density of the ancient city of Danyan in China's top.
Lijiang houses are very rich in national characteristics, the layout of the plan has three workshops and a wall, four and five patios, the front and back of the courtyard, a multi-courtyard and other forms. The houses are built on the height of the terrain, mostly two-story, but also three-story, suitable and beautiful.
The Naxi people, who are the main residents of the ancient city, have a long and rich traditional culture, which is characterized by the famous Dongba culture, Naxi ancient music and Baisha murals.
As a famous historical and cultural city in China, Lijiang Dayan Ancient City has centrally embodied the unique living environment, local history and culture, and ethnic folk customs of the Naxi people. Its FuDaJinXing cultural connotation, for the study of the history of urban architecture, the history of national development, etc. provides valuable information. It is a precious cultural heritage not only for China but also for all mankind.
Features
(1) Lijiang Dayan Ancient City
1, history
(1) the development of the ancient city of the events
The end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lijiang wood first partisan to move the center of its rule from the Baisha to the foot of the Lion Mountain, began to build houses and cities, known as the "Daba field;
Nanwei, the first partisan of the Southern Song Dynasty, the second partisan of the Lijiang Mu moved its center of rule from the Baisha to the foot of the Lion Mountain, began to build houses and cities, known as "Daba field. /p>
Nan Wei Zhi You first year (1253 AD), the wood first side of the A Zong A Liang subordinate to the Yuan Shiwei Kublai. Shiyou two years (1254 AD), in the "big leaf field" set up three talks to manage the people's officials, its establishment is subordinate to the Chahan chapter management of the people's officials;
Yuan Zhiyuan thirteen years (1276 AD), the Chahan chapter management of the people's officials into the Lijiang Road military and civilian general administration of the House;
Yuan Zhiyuan fourteen years (1277 AD), the three treks Tuanmin official was changed to Tong'an Prefecture, the state in today's ancient city of Dayan;
Ming Hongwu 15 years (A.D. 1382), Tong'an Prefecture Governor Ajia Ade returned to the Ming Dynasty, set up the Lijiang military and civilian government, Ajia Ade was given the surname Mujing by the Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang as hereditary governor;
Ming Hongwu sixteen years (A.D. 1383), Mude in the foothills of the Lion Mountain, built the "Lijiang Military and civilian government Yamen";
Qing Shunzhi seventeen years (AD 1660), set up Lijiang military and civilian government, still by the wooden hereditary governor; Qing Yongzheng first year (AD 1723), the court in Lijiang, the implementation of the "change of the Shi return to the stream", to be appointed by the court to appoint the stream of officials as the governor, descending the wooden for the soil Tongjian;
Yongzheng two years (A.D. 1724), the first Lijiang LiuGuan governor YangBismuth arrived, in the northeastern side of the ancient city of JinHongShan under the new LiuGuanGuGuYaMen, barracks, professors, training department, and so on, and around these government buildings to build the wall;
Qianlong thirty-five years (A.D. 1770), lijiang under the civil and military affairs of the county of Lijiang, the county government office was built in the ancient city of the south gate bridge; the second year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1770), the county of lijiang under the military and civil affairs, county government offices built in the ancient city of the South Gate The second year of the Republic of China (AD 1912), Lijiang abolished the government to stay in the county, the county Yamen moved into the original Lijiang government office Yamen;
Republic of China thirty years (AD 1941), set up in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, the seventh Administrative Office and Lijiang County Government;
1949, set up the Lijiang Commissioner's Office and the Lijiang County People's Government,
1961, set up the Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County. .
(2) City Builders
In the late Song and early Yuan dynasties, the "Dabaiba" was built by the Mu Clan's first favorites, the Azong Aryang;
In the Ming Dynasty, the construction of Lijiang's old city was mainly carried out by the Mu Clan's governors in the past dynasties. Ming Wanli years (1672 AD), the governor Mu Zeng construction of the Emperor She gave permission to build the "Zhongyi Square";
Qing Dynasty, the first governor of Yang Bismuth in accordance with the system of the court to build the government offices and the government of the city. The Naxi people live by the residents according to the family production and living needs, economic conditions and land conditions, free and flexible arrangements for the construction.
(3) City Functions and Residents
Lijiang Ancient City is the settlement of the Naxi people, is the carrier of the preservation of the traditional culture of the Naxi people. Since its construction, it has been playing the role of regional political and ethnic culture and education center, Yunnan-Tibet trade, China-India trade hub.
At present, Lijiang Old Town still lives in 6,269 households, ****25,279 people. Among them, the Naxi 16,999 people, accounting for 66.7% of the total population, 30% of the residents are still engaged in the ancient city to copper and silverware production, fur and leather, textile, brewing industry based on the traditional handicrafts and commercial activities.
2, features
(1) site
Lijiang Ancient City to the big river to explore the gorges, mountains and dangerous passes as a basis for the city around the pass defense, northwest of the city set up Tacheng Pass, west of the Shimenkai, southwest of the nine rivers pass, northeast of the Prince Pass, south of the city set up QiuTangKai.
Lijiang Dayan ancient city site, make full use of the geographic environment and the Black Dragon Lake water, north of Jinhong Mountain, west pillow Lion Mountain, overall seat northwest and towards the bundle of the south, the use of the Lion Mountain blocked the cold winds from the northwest in winter. The south of the bundle is connected to the vast flat river, which welcomes the sunrise in spring and drives away the heat in summer, and the buildings are built in accordance with the situation of the mountains and the layers of undulation.
(2) Street Square
Lijiang Dayan Ancient City of the streets to the four sides of the diffraction as the center, take Xinhua Street, Wuyi Street, seven one Wei, Xinyi Street, Guangyi Street, the five main streets for the meridian pattern. Streets by the mountains and the water, the space is sometimes closed, sometimes open, composed of a network of roads leading to the city.
The center part of the main streets are left with a square, of which Sifang Street is the largest. Sifang Street is not only the center of Dayan Ancient City, but also the center of trade and commerce in northwestern Yunnan. Its west side of the high point is the Kegon Square, a unique style of three-story gatehouse. On the west side is the West River, and on the east side is the Middle River. The West River is equipped with movable gates, utilizing the height difference between the West River and the Middle River to wash the street surface. This unique sanitation facility is rare at home and abroad.
The streets and alleys of the ancient city are all paved with red conglomerate (known as wuhua stone in folklore), which is not muddy in the rainy season and not dusty in the dry season, with natural and elegant patterns on the stone and delicate texture, which is very harmonious with the whole urban environment.
(3) Water System
Healongtan is the main water source of Lijiang Dayan Ancient City, as a starting point, the clear water flows through the dry households through a network of river ditches, and scattered wells and springs to form a strict water system to meet the needs of the whole city's fire fighting, residential water needs.
a. River:
Located at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain, the Black Dragon Pool has dozens of water outlets, with water output ranging from 1.918 to 4.430 cubic meters per second, converging to form a pool of nearly 40,000 square meters. Pool water from north to south to the double stone bridge under the split into Shuhe, in the river, the West River. Three tributaries wells and then divided into countless streams, through the alleys and households, into the wall over the house, flowing throughout the city. The streets of the ancient city and the river are closely integrated, and the streetscape and water features complement each other. The widest part of the river is 3 to 6 meters, and the narrowest part is less than 1 meter.
b. Springs and pools:
Dayan Ancient City of the springs and pools of the Black Dragon Pool, the White Horse Dragon Pool and Yishang Ganze Spring. White Horse Dragon Pool is located in the southern foot of the Lion Mountain, the west side of the ancient city, also known as the Lion Milk Springs, the water surface area of nearly one hundred square meters, the water output O.023 cubic meters / second. Spring water is sweet and pure, never dried up. Ganze Spring is located in the ancient city of Cambodia at the foot of the Jinhong Mountain, the water surface area of dozens of square meters, the water output O. O1 cubic meters / second, the water quality is very pure.
c. Wells:
Dayan Ancient City, scattered in a number of wells, most of the wells take the "three-eyed well" form. "Three-eyed well" that is, a well is divided into three eyes, three eyes are connected, in order: drinking water eyes, washing water eyes and washing water eyes.
(4) Bridges
In the Lijiang Ancient City area of the Yu River water system, there are 354 bridges, the density of an average of 93 bridges per square kilometer. The form of corridor bridge (wind and rain bridge), stone arch bridge, stone bridge, plank bridge, etc.. The more famous ones are Lock Cui Bridge, Dashi Bridge, Wanqian Bridge, Nanmen Bridge, Ma'an Bridge and Renshou Bridge. They were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a unique architectural style, so that the ancient city of Lijiang has become a bridge city.
(5) Residential buildings
The residential buildings in Lijiang Ancient City are the concentration of Naxi architectural art and architectural style. It is formed on the basis of the original Naxi well-drying Benleng houses, absorbing and integrating some of the advantages of the buildings of the Han, Bai and Tibetan nationalities, and has distinctive local characteristics and national styles in the layout and architectural art.
a. Layout and architectural features;
The residential buildings are generally about 7.5 meters high two-storey wooden buildings, there are also a few three-storey buildings, for through the bucket frame, the base of the bad wall, tile roof, with an outside corridor (i.e., the degree of sub). According to the different forms of frame and corridor, it can be divided into seven categories such as bungalow, bright building, rain step building, riding degree building, barbaric building, stuffy building, rain surface building and so on. Layout forms include three houses and one wall, four and five patios, front and back yards, one house and two yards, two houses and two corners, quadrangle, multiple houses, multiple courtyard combinations, etc., of which three houses and one wall and four and five patios are the typical ones. Three houses and a wall, that is, the main house of a house, the left and right side of the room two houses, plus the main house opposite the wall, surrounded by a triple courtyard. Four five patio refers to the main house, the lower room, the left and right room four houses composed of closed four houses. In addition to a large patio in the center, there are four small patios or leakage rooms in the corners. The three houses and five patios are the most basic and common forms of Lijiang houses, and the other layout forms are their variations, evolutions, developments and combinations. Lijiang residential frame processing is very flexible, there are overhanging and in the wooden frame of the main stress parts, with "Le Ma hanging", "foot", "through the square", "jack" and other components with the role of tie, the entire frame according to the slope of one percent so that the column head tilted inward, the root of the column to the outward expansion, enhancing the stability of the frame. In the joint node part of the frame, according to the stress, respectively use "two-ledge tenon", "big head tenon", "flat insertion tenon", well set up the dark tip and other flexible nodes, in order to facilitate earthquake resistance. The heavy (shila) and light (plank) retaining walls are sturdy and practical. The Lijiang houses are in the combination of the body shape and the wheelhouse modeling on the vertical and horizontal. The wheelhouse is beautiful; the fa?ade is mostly made of stone masonry, plastered walls, bricks in the corners and green tiles on the roof, with harmonious color tones and simple appearance.
b. Local features in the residential courtyard:
The Lijiang residential houses pay great attention to the decoration of the houses, which focuses on the doorway, wall, porch, door and window partitions, patio, beams, etc. The form of the doorway is brick-arched. The form of the gateway has a brick arch, wood over the beam flat arch type and wood frame type three, brick arch type gateway for the middle of the high, two sides of the low three drops of water cards around the neck style. Wood over the beam flat arch type gatehouse is to wood over the beam support, outside the book of brick three drops of water pagoda. Wooden frame doorway is mostly double-slope roof, and the eaves are decorated with multi-layer flower boards and flower covers. Residential walls generally have three drops of water, a word flat two kinds of internal small porch wall decorated with marble. The doors and windows of the houses are decorated with wood carvings, such as birds, flowers, qin, chess, calligraphy and paintings, bo stone utensils, etc., which are the products of combining function and art. In addition, the beam square, to the head, railings, column base, foot, eaves, roof ridge and other wood, stone, tile parts are also decorated. Such as the beam of the beam carved into the head of the beast, commonly known as "lion head", to the base also carved into a drum, bottle, etc..
c. Residential courtyard design:
The courtyard of the ancient city residences using cobblestones, stones and other raw materials pavement, pattern according to the size of the courtyard or the owner's preferences, the content involves flowers, fish and insects, eight to the yin and yang, folklore, myths and so on, simple and simple techniques, rigorous layout. Occupying a large area, more courtyards of the mansion, generally consists of two square a wall, flower beds, pools and so on.
(2) Danyan ancient city around the residential complex
1, Baisha residential complex
Baisha residential complex is located in the ancient city of Danyan north of 8 kilometers, was the center of the Song and Yuan dynasties Lijiang political, economic and cultural. Baisha residential complex is distributed in a north-south axis, the center of a trapezoidal square, four lanes from the square to the four sides. Residential stores are set up along the street, a spring is introduced into the square from the north, and then integrated into the residential community, very distinctive. The famous Lijiang Naxi Stick Festival also originated here. According to traditional custom, on the twentieth day of the first month, open the hall (Baisha Wei east side, there is the protection of the law hall and other ancient building complex) sacrifices to the gods. Lijiang on the day of the various ethnic groups have come to worship, market trade to wood products, bamboo utensils, mainly, everything. Bisha residential complex formation and development for the later layout of Lijiang Dayan ancient city Mo fixed the foundation.
2, Shuhe residential complex
Shuhe residential complex 4 kilometers northwest of Lijiang Old Town, Lijiang Old Town is a small market around. Shuhe by the mountains and the water, residential houses are scattered. There is a pool of spring water in the street, called "Jiuding Longtan", also known as "Dragon Spring". The water in the spring is clear, and the fish can be counted, and the water overflowing from the spring is winding along the street. In addition, the Qinglong River passes through the center of the village, and the Qinglong Bridge, built in the Ming Dynasty, crosses over it. Qinglong Bridge is 4 meters high, 4.5 meters wide and 23 meters long, and is the largest stone arch bridge in Lijiang. The side of the bridge beam is built 32 meters long and 27 meters wide small quadrilateral guard. Surrounded by stores, according to the water to set up guards, the shape of the ancient city of Lijiang and the four sides of the street is similar, the same can lead to water to wash the street. 束何以发达的文化教育和手工业而著名。 The village has a large-scale Shuhe secondary school, many people engaged in leather processing and other handicrafts for a living, is the famous leatherworker village, "Shuhe leatherworker, an awl walk the world," said.
(C) rich ethnic culture
1, important cultural relics and monuments:
(1) Ming Dynasty Lijiang military and civilian government and wood home: Ming Dynasty Lijiang military and civilian government government offices and wood home is located in the southwest of the Lijiang Danyan Ancient City, was built in the Ming Dynasty, Hongwu fifteen years (A.D. 13 years), the government offices are distributed in a 286-meter-long east-west axis, in order to be arranged in the Jinshui Bridge, the Zhongyi Square, Round pool, the main hall, light than the building, the birthday building, the Dan Edward, a text Pavilion, Yuyin building, three Qing Hall (Yuquan between), until the Lion Rock Royal Garden, a into several houses, majestic. The north side of the government office built a three-yard residence, commonly known as the wood home. Lijiang military and civilian government offices in qing xianfeng, tongzhi years by military chaos and looting, existing a text pavilion, light than the building, stone lions and so on.
(2) Yuquan Ming and Qing architectural complex
Yuquan Ming and Qing architectural complex is located in Heilongtan Park, including Yunnan Province, the key cultural relics protection unit of the Ming Dynasty building Fuguo Temple five wind building: Lijiang County, the key cultural relics protection unit of the Civilization Square, stone lions, a Wen Pavilion, the relief of the forest gate building, light Bilu, the moon floor, the Dragon Shrine, and so on, to the five phoenix building the most distinctive
Fuguo Temple five phoenix building
Five Phoenix Tower (formerly known as the Law Cloud Room), located in the northern end of the Black Dragon Shan Park, was built in the twenty-ninth year of the Ming Wanli (1601 AD), 1974 by the Zhishan Fuguo Temple moved back to the Black Dragon Lake, was announced in 1983 as a key cultural relics protection units in Yunnan Province. Floor height of twenty meters, for the layer of roof ridge triple stanchion structure, the base is subzigzag, platform three stacks, house stanchion octagonal, three layers *** Man into twenty-four flying eaves, from any angle, see the wings of the flying angle, like five colorful phoenix spreading its wings to the instrument, so the name of the five phoenix building. The whole building *** there are thirty-two columns on the ground, four of them in the columns are twelve meters high, the columns on the part of the frame with a bucket approach to build, the tip of the building with a gold solid top. Ceiling painted with taiji, flying god king, dragon winds presenting auspicious and other patterns, smooth lines, colorful, with Han, Tibet, Naxi and other national architectural art style, is a rare treasure and typical examples of ancient Chinese architecture.
(3) Baisha Religious Complex
Including Liulidian Hall, Dashilibao Palace, Dading Room, Vajra Palace, Wenchang Palace. Among them, Liuli Hall and Dashijie Palace were announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Yunnan Province in 1965, and now they have been recommended as China's key cultural relics protection units.
(4) Baisha murals
Baisha murals were distributed in the Liulidian, Dabaojigong, Dading room and other religious complexes in Baisha, painted in the early Ming Dynasty (early 13th century), there are 44.
The content of the murals to preach religious doctrines, both the Ming Dynasty Naxi social life content, a blend of Buddhism, Buddhism, Tantric and Taoist themes, in the artistic style of the integration of traditional techniques of Chinese culture and Tibet, Naxi and other ethnic minorities in the painting style, the use of brush coloring is delicate and smooth, colorful and colorful, the use of the base of the gold, gold, etc., the more appear to be a golden wall of splendor; characters modeling realistic, different physiques, outstanding personality, vivid and vivid. Characters are realistically modeled, with different physiques, outstanding personalities, lifelike and vivid, and they call out to the world. Among them to the large responsible for the mural in the Palace for the largest scale, the most complete preservation. The largest one, "such as to come by the map" 3.67 meters high, 4.98 meters wide, an area of 18.29 square meters.
2. Mysterious Naxi Dongba culture
Naxi people since ancient times has created a unique national culture, because of its main preservation of dry Naxi religious Dongba religion and named.
Dongba culture mainly includes Dongba writing, Dongba scriptures, Dongba paintings, Dongba music, Dongba dances, Dongba magic weapons and various rituals.
(1) The only living hieroglyphic script in the world:
The Dongba script is a primitive hieroglyphic script, with 1,400 individual scripts, which is still in use today, and therefore is regarded as the only living hieroglyphic script in the world, and a precious cultural heritage of mankind as a whole. It has attracted the attention of the international academic community since the 1870s. The French scholar Barker first introduced 370 Dongba scripts in his book "Mauds Studies" published in 1913. The American scholar Rock has made important contributions to the collection and study of Dongba scripts. Chinese scholars have compiled the Naxi Hieroglyphic Spectrum and the Dictionary of Hieroglyphic Words of Maosu, which also represent the high level of research in the field of Dongba script.
(2) The Encyclopedia of Naxi Ancient Society and Dongba Scriptures
Dongba Scriptures are scriptures written in Dongba characters. There are about 40,000 books in existence. Which is not the same bibliography of about one thousand kinds of books, in addition to China, the United States, Britain, France, Japan, Germany, Canada, Austria and other countries have Dongba scriptures collection, only hidden in the United States Library of Congress and Harvard University book skeleton up to more than 4,000 books.
"Dongba" scripture is rich in connotation, is the study of ancient Naxi philosophical thought, religion and folklore, social history, ethics, ethnic relations, literature and art, voice and text of the precious information. Such as the Dongba scripture in the "jumping dance regulations", "sacrifice Shiluo law Yi jump regulations", "dance from", "dance and origin" is the world's only hieroglyphics written in the dance score, now also can dance according to the score.
(2) Dongba paintings:
Dongba paintings are broadly divided into three kinds of wooden paintings, cardboard paintings and scroll paintings, among which the scroll book is the most prestigious. "God road map" is the representative of the dongba painting, about 14 meters long, about 30 meters wide, the whole painting is divided into three sections: the performance of heaven, earth, hell, written *** book more than three hundred and seventy people, God, fries, ghosts and more than seventy images of strange birds and monsters, lines of rugged, simple and vivid and pleasing to the eye.
(4) a wide variety of Dongba rituals:
Dongba religious rituals*** there are more than fifty kinds. Among them, the larger ones include the sacrifice of heaven, the sacrifice of sight, the sacrifice of wind, and the seeking of longevity.
(5) many Dongba magic weapon:
Dongba magic weapon counts about thirty kinds, the most important of which are: five Buddha's crown, hat, staff, Zhanlang (copper plate bell), Dagu (leather tambourine), knife. Dongba chanting as an accompaniment to the musical instruments are: "Negative Negative Panke" (white conch, blowing machine), "Panke..." (plow horn), "Negative Negative Panke" (white conch, blowing machine). (plow horn), "ear Shao" (gong) and so on.
3, Lijiang ancient city around also religious buildings
Lijiang ancient city around also distributed many characteristic religious buildings, these religious buildings contain Chinese, Tibetan Buddhism, Taoism and other religions, which are the five temples and Beiyue Temple for the most famous.
Reasons for applying for inclusion in the world list
Lijiang Ancient City is a historical and cultural city of high comprehensive value and overall value, which centrally embodies the local history and culture and national customs, reflecting the essential features of social progress at that time. The flowing urban space, full of vitality of the water system, unified style of building groups, appropriate scale of residential buildings, friendly and pleasant spatial environment, as well as unique style of ethnic art content, etc., make it different from other historical and cultural cities in China. The construction of the ancient city is more reflective of the spirit of human creativity and the significance of progress that is unique to the architecture of towns and cities under specific historical conditions, as well as the valuable qualities of naturalism, pragmatism, straightforwardness, and compatibility. Lijiang ancient city is of great significance to the traditional settlement of ethnic minorities, its existence for the study of the history of human urban construction, the study of the history of human development of nationalities provides valuable information, is a precious cultural heritage, is China's and even the world's treasure, in line with the reasons for joining the "World Heritage List"
(a) Lijiang ancient city in China in the status of the city
Lijiang ancient city has a long history, simple and natural, both the water township of the face, the appearance of the mountain city, which as a long history of ethnic minority cities, from the city's overall layout to the engineering, architectural integration of the Han, Bai, Yi, Tibetan essence of the various ethnic groups, well since the Naxi unique style. In 1986, the Chinese government will be listed as a national historical and cultural city, to determine the status of the ancient city of Lijiang in the Chinese city.
(2) Lijiang Ancient City fully reflects the achievements of ancient Chinese city construction
Different from any of China's royal city, Lijiang Ancient City is not affected by the "square nine miles, next to the three gates, the country of the nine warp and weft, through the way of the nine tracks," the copy of the original city of the Central Plains. The city has no rules of the road network, no strict walls, the layout of the ancient city of the three mountains for the screen, a river connected; water use in the three rivers through the city, home water; street layout "meridian" settings and "curved, quiet, narrow, up to" style; buildings on the water on the mountains, staggered design art The design and art of staggering is extremely rare in the existing ancient cities in China, which is the result of the Naxi ancestors' re-creation according to the national tradition and environment.
(3) Lijiang old town houses are one of the types of Chinese houses with distinctive features and styles
Towns, buildings themselves are the physical form of social life, residential buildings are more reflective of the economy and culture of an ethnic group and a region, customs and religious beliefs than the official government offices, temples and halls and other buildings. Lijiang ancient city dwellings in the layout, structure and modeling according to their own specific conditions and traditional living habits, organic combination of the ancient architecture of the Central Plains, as well as the Bai and Tibetan dwellings of the best traditions, well in the housing seismic, sunshade, rain, ventilation, decoration and other aspects of the bold innovation and development of a unique style, the distinctive feature lies in the composition of the body of the non-uniform, clearly showing the mountains and water, poor in the wisdom, Its distinctive feature is that it has no uniform compositional body, which obviously shows the creativity of relying on mountains and water, wisdom in poverty, skill and natural simplicity, and it also has great influence on the development of the Naxi nation in a long time and in a specific region. Lijiang houses are a rare and important heritage for the study of Chinese architectural and cultural history.
(4) Lijiang ancient city is the natural beauty and artificial beauty, art and applicable economy of the organic unity
Lijiang ancient city is a well-preserved model of the overall style of the ancient city. Relying on the three mountains and built the old city, and nature has produced an organic and complete unity, the ancient city of tile houses, lined up, surrounded by verdant mountains, the tightly linked pieces of the old city tightly embraced. The simple and vivid modeling of the city dwellings, exquisite and elegant decoration is the crystallization of Naxi culture and technology. The art of the ancient city comes from the Naxi people's deep understanding of life, reflecting the people's wisdom, is the product of local ethnic cultural and technological exchanges, is an important part of the valuable architectural heritage of the Chinese nation.
(E) Lijiang Old Town is rich in traditional ethnic culture, reflecting the prosperity and development of the Naxi people, and is an important historical material for the study of the development of human culture
The prosperity of the Lijiang Old Town has a history of more than 800 years, and has gradually become the economic and cultural center of northwestern Yunnan Province, which has provided a good environment for the development of ethnic culture, and the Naxi who live here have created a glorious and beautiful life together with other ethnic minorities. The Naxi people living here together with other ethnic minorities have created a glorious national culture. Whether it is the ancient city streets, squares, plaques, water systems, bridges, or residential decorations, courtyard vignettes, threshold joint plaques, monumental carvings, all permeated with the Naxi people's cultural cultivation and aesthetic taste, and fully embodies the local ethnic religion, aesthetics, literature and other aspects of the cultural connotations, moods and charisma, to show that the history of the culture of the depth and richness of the content. Especially with the rich connotation of the Dongba culture, Baisha murals and other traditional culture and art is the history of human civilization has left a brilliant chapter.
(F) about the authenticity of the old city of Lijiang
Lijiang ancient city from the overall layout of the town to the form of residential, as well as building materials, technology and decoration, construction technology, environment, etc., are well preserved in ancient times, first of all, the road and water system to maintain the original state, the five stone pavement, the stone arch bridge, boardwalk, Sifangjie Trade Square has been retained. Residences are still being restored and built with traditional crafts and materials, and the style of the ancient city has been protected to the maximum extent by the local government, and all the construction activities have been controlled and guided by Yange. Lijiang Old Town has always been created by the people, and well continue to be created. As a settlement, additions or "new buildings" that depart from the original form and structure of the Old Town are gradually being removed or refurbished to ensure that the artistic or historical value of the Old Town itself can be fully developed.
The Lijiang Ancient City is a historical and cultural city of comprehensive value and overall value, which can only be protected by its inclusion in the World Heritage List, so that it can be handed down for a long time, and the well can better fulfill its world significance.