1. The history of Jiangnan Water Town
The history of the folk houses in Jiangnan Water Town can be traced back to the Hemudu Culture, about 7,000 years ago. The ancestors lived and multiplied on this land and inherited all the residence and lifestyle. During the Shang Dynasty, residential settlements that began to take shape here had been formed. From the Han Dynasty, officials began to live here. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars in the north caused a large number of people to migrate south. This trend led to the rapid economic and cultural development of the south, and the economic center of gravity moved southward.
In the Tang Dynasty, a considerable scale of official residences had been formed here. In the Song Dynasty paintings "Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" and "Pingjiang Picture", the architectural layout of Jiangnan folk houses has been concretely and vividly described. With the establishment of Hangzhou as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangnan has experienced unprecedented development in politics, economy, and culture. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jiangnan had become the most economically and culturally developed region in the country. dignitaries, landowners, wealthy businessmen, and literati all chose this place to build residences, villas, pavilions, and pavilions everywhere, each with its own characteristics.
Due to the large population and precious land, the buildings in Jiangnan are extremely space-saving. However, due to the efforts made in height, the architectural art is more sophisticated than elegant. However, the houses placed in the gurgling water through the hands of skilled craftsmen are still fascinating.
The six famous ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River in my country include Zhouzhuang, Tongli, and Jiaozhi (sounds like Luzhi) in Jiangsu, and Xitang, Nanxun, and Wuzhen in Zhejiang. These six ancient towns are also water towns with unique characteristics. With deep cultural heritage, Xitang is located in Jiashan County, Wuzhen is located in Tongxiang City, and Nanxun is located in Huzhou City (Huzhou is also the origin of Hubi). These six ancient towns are all concentrated in the southeast of Taihu Lake. Zhouzhuang and Jiaozhi are more than 40 kilometers apart, and the waterway between Tongli and Zhouzhuang is only more than ten kilometers.
2. Which dynasty did the Jiangnan water town originate from? It should be detailed
Eastern Jin Dynasty
The Yangtze River created Jiangnan. Jiangnan literally means the south of the river, but as a typical historical and geographical concept, Jiangnan originally meant the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, Jiangnan often represented prosperous and developed culture and education and beautiful and prosperous water towns. The regions were roughly divided Jiangnan is an area on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Jiangnan represents the Chinese people's infinite yearning and hope for a better life. However, the definition and use of the word Jiangnan have never been unified by ancient and modern Chinese and foreign scholars. Jiangnan in a broad sense refers to the vast area east of Yichang, south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and north of Nanling. Including the narrow sense of Jiangnan, north of Jiangxi, south of the Yangtze River in Hubei and northern Hunan. Some areas in Fujian are sometimes called Jiangnan. The broad sense of Jiangnan was more commonly used in ancient times, such as Du Fu's "Jiangnan Meets the Year of Li Gui", which was written in Changsha. Jiangnan in a broad sense is also used in modern times. For example, Jiangnan in weather forecasts refers to Jiangnan in a broad sense; Jiangnan mentioned in the three famous towers in Jiangnan (Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower in Yueyang and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang) refers to Jiangnan in a broad sense. . Jiangnan in the narrow sense refers to the Jiangdong area that has been beautified by literati, that is, excluding Fujian Province and southern Zhejiang from Nanjing to Suzhou and Hangzhou as the core area, including parts of Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, and Zhejiang Province south of the Yangtze River, that is, Southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui, and northeastern Jiangxi. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as the Yangzhou area, although geographically located in the north of the Yangtze River, are economically and culturally similar to those in the south of the Yangtze River, and are also considered to be part of the Jiangnan region in a cultural sense; while the non-Yangtze River basin is considered to be part of the Jiangnan region. There are some areas south of Taihu Lake and east of Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing and Ningbo areas.
Jiangnan in the cultural sense refers specifically to "Jiangnan" in the cultural sense, that is, Jiangnan in a narrow sense. The area is equivalent to the Jiangdong region, including southern Jiangsu (and Yangzhou), Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui, Northeastern Jiangxi Province. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty when the gentry from the Central Plains migrated southward and the Chinese government established its capital in Jinling, the Jiangnan region has replaced the Central Plains region as the most economically and culturally developed core area in China.
Jiangnan is known for its prosperous culture and education. The Confucius Temple located on the Qinhuai River is a temple commemorating Confucius. The Jiangnan Gongyuan in the Confucius Temple complex was the examination room for imperial examinations in ancient times and is a symbol of Jiangnan imperial examination culture. There are many famous academies in Jiangnan.
Important ones include Bailudong Academy, Xiangshan Academy, Lize Academy, Donglin Academy, Mingdao Academy, Maoshan Academy, etc. From ancient times to the present, a large number of literary works praising Jiangnan have constructed the "Jiangnan" in Chinese people's imagination. Famous ones include Bai Juyi's "Jiangnan Hao" and Su Dongpo's "Looking at Jiangnan". In terms of regional culture, Jiangnan culture and Wu culture are closely linked. Wu dialect is sometimes called Jiangnan dialect, and Mandarin, which is a fusion of Wu dialect and Yayan, is sometimes called Jiangnan Mandarin. Famous Gardens Jiangnan gardens are natural landscape gardens that mainly feature pools and mountains. They flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Suzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Huzhou, Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou and other cities are the main ones, among which Suzhou and Yangzhou are the most representative, while Suzhou is the most representative for private gardens. most. Jiangnan gardens are usually private gardens, and Xuanwu Lake is the only remaining royal garden in the south of the Yangtze River. 3. Which ancient towns in the Jiangnan water town have a long history and still retain their original cultural atmosphere
Speaking of the beauty of Jiangnan, we have to talk about the ancient water towns ~ whether it is the "Wuzhen" that has passed by like water , or the fresh and elegant "Xitang", or just a silent water town "raised in a boudoir unknown to others", you can find your own dreams and beauty ~ Jiangnan ancient town has a strong traditional Chinese culture. It is a living cultural heritage.
The style, along with the alluring Jiangnan delicacies, are inviting you to visit here, leaving behind nostalgia and nostalgia, recalling the beautiful moments of sipping tea, listening to the rain, and being in a daze in the covered bridge, and enjoy a feeling of being gradually distant. Go to the quaint feelings. There are four distinct seasons here, with red flowers and green willows in spring, the fragrance of lotus and books in summer, the fragrance of fruits in autumn, and light snow and frost in winter. No matter how you look at it: it is a distant and tranquil ink painting.
Jiangnan Water Town Ancient Town - Zhouzhuang, the Six Major Water Town Ancient Town Zhouzhuang has a quiet environment and simple architecture. Although it has gone through more than 900 years of vicissitudes, it still completely preserves the architectural style of the original water town. More than 60% of the residential buildings in the town are still Ming and Qing Dynasty buildings, with only 0.
The 47-square-kilometer ancient town has hundreds of ancient houses and more than 60 brick-carved gatehouses. The most representative ones are Shen Hall and Zhang Hall. At the same time, Zhouzhuanghai has preserved 14 ancient bridges with different characteristics, which together create a wonderful picture of the water town.
Zhouzhuang has become synonymous with China’s first water town in the minds of Chinese people. With the spread of the Internet, the staff of the Direct Bus Travel Network discovered that tourists flocked to Zhouzhuang, which is famous for its reputation, making it very lively during the day and quiet and lonely at night.
But in the early morning and dusk when day and night intersect, it is the most beautiful time in Zhouzhuang. There are no bustling tourists during the day, and there is no silence at night. Instead, there is a quiet and simple life inherent in the water town. Falling in love with Zhouzhuang starts from the wonderful time when day and night alternate, allowing you to experience the authentic Jiangnan water town, feel the small bridges, flowing water, People's unique charm.
Falling in love with Zhouzhuang is no longer a legend... Wuzhen "has been here and never left" - these are the words written by Rene Liu herself. From "The Lost Time" to "The Ghost in My Heart", Wuzhen, a small water town, has formed an indissoluble bond with this petty-bourgeois sentimental woman.
As long as I have been here, I have never left. What’s more, I am used to seeing Wuzhen’s spring, summer, autumn and winter, and I have no attachment to other places. In the afternoon, leaning in the sun, sitting there with a blue and white porcelain teapot and a cup of white chrysanthemum tea, writing postcards, it became the most peaceful moment in Wuzhen... Wuzhen has been prosperous since ancient times. For thousands of years, ancient town houses have been built along the river and beside the bridge. , the folk customs in the town are simple, and it is a model of the "small bridges, flowing water, and people" in the Jiangnan water town. At the same time, Wuzhen also has a waterside building that is not found in other small towns - water pavilion. Wuzhen is also known as "China's last pillow". Water people".
Wuzhen has a long history and is a typical ancient cultural town in the south of the Yangtze River. Wuzhen Water Town has a complete style and maintains the complete Jiangnan water town pattern.
Wuzhen is rich in folk customs and is an activated museum that reflects the life of the Jiangnan water town. Tongli The morning in Tongli starts from the river.
People by the waterside wake up early. Some of them are washing themselves in the river in front of their doors, some are washing clothes, some are washing vegetables, and some are looking at the sky, wearing cotton pajamas. , with laziness. Not far across the street, there was an old lady washing the toilet.
It seems that this is the way of life of people in the ancient town, and it should be called "Yishuiqing". The river in Tongli woke up and started to move amidst these sounds.
It was foggy in the early morning in the ancient town, and there were not many pedestrians on the street. There were only old people who got up early and walked slowly with their hands behind their backs. Occasionally, people who got up early to exercise ran past. Everything is peaceful and quiet.
The pedestrians on the road were calm and peaceful, and the soothing rhythm of the town really stood out to me. On the river bank, early risers were lighting stoves, and puffs of green smoke slowly drifted into the air... Mudu Mudu is located in the west of Suzhou City, on the shore of Taihu Lake, and is a famous ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River.
The territory has beautiful scenery and abundant products. It is also surrounded by famous mountains in Wuzhong such as Tianping, Lingyan, Shishan and Qizi, so it is called the "treasure basin". Mudu is an ancient water town of the same age as Suzhou City.
According to legend, in the late Spring and Autumn Period, when Wu and Yue were in dispute and the country of Yue was defeated, King Gou Jian of Yue used a "beauty trick" to offer beautiful women to the King of Wu. King Wu Fu Chai doted on Xi Shi and specially built the Guanwa Palace for her on the elegant Lingyan Mountain. He also built the Gusu Terrace on Zishi Mountain. "It took three years to gather materials and it took five years to complete." The continuous flow of wood was blocked. The river Gangdu at the foot of the mountain is "blocked by wood", hence the name Mudu... Nanxun Nanxun Ancient Town is located in the hinterland of the Hangjiahu Plain, bordering Taihu Lake to the north and Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province to the east.
The water and land transportation is convenient. National Highway 318 and Changhu Shenhang Channel cross from east to west. It is about 100 kilometers away from Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou. The town area is 34 square kilometers. In 1991, Nanxun ranked first among the 15 famous historical and cultural towns in Zhejiang Province.
Nanxun Town has been recommended by my country to the United Nations as a world cultural heritage. The rain in the south of the Yangtze River is the most overwhelming, and the small towns in the water town are certainly no exception.
Spring came suddenly in this not annoying drizzle. It moistened the smooth and mirror-like stone roads in the town, smeared green the tallow trees next to the old houses, and fell on the bluestones under the eaves. There is the rhythmic sound of raindrops in the tank, and on the thick winter melon beams in the hall of the ancient house, barn swallows are busy holding mud and building nests... "The spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River is as moist as jade, and it does not wet the clothes of pedestrians." Umbrellas are dispensable. Yes, the drizzle season in early spring is the best time to wander around Nanxun Town in Huzhou. The town does not have any strong colors. The slippery river pier is glowing with a faint cyan color, and has hosted countless warm stories about "shake, shake, shake to Grandma's Bridge...". The stone road in the alley has been polished by the various shoes of passers-by, and it is a sight to behold. A thick but not exaggerated brown color, like the patina on an antique handed down from ancient times... The name of the horn.
There are rivers here, the environment is quiet, green waves are rippling everywhere, and every house is surrounded by water. Next to the ancient river, there are well-preserved architectural complexes from the Ming and Qing dynasties, with antique houses stacked one on top of another. More than 1,000 meters of quaint corridors and sheds, all covered with black tiles, are built along the river and integrated into one, as if the ancient style still exists. mood.
The corridors and ancient lanes can be called the "double wonders" of Xitang. Xitang people’s description of their hometown.
The vicissitudes of life still completely preserve the original style and pattern of the ancient water town. The most famous scenic spots in Zhouzhuang are Fu'an Bridge, Shuangqiao, and Shen Hall. Fu'an Bridge is the only three-dimensional bridge and wall building in the south of the Yangtze River; Shuangqiao It is connected by two bridges and has a unique shape. The Shen Hall is a Qing-style courtyard house with a strict overall structure and different local styles. In addition, there are religious sites such as Chengxu Taoist Temple and Quanfu Temple. The whole town is connected by bridges and streets. Houses are built on the river, and green shadows are whirling. Visitors who return to simplicity can't help but recite: Wu trees rely on the Wu water flow, and Wuzhong boats compile good Yiyou. The river in the ancient town is in the shape of a well, and houses are built along the river, and streets are formed along the water. , the river spans 14 ancient bridges built in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. 5. ~~~~Urgent~~~~~The history of Jiangnan water towns
The history of the folk houses in Jiangnan water towns can be traced back to the Hemudu culture, which dates back about seven thousand years.
The ancestors lived and multiplied on this land and inherited all living and lifestyles. During the Shang Dynasty, residential settlements that began to take shape here had been formed.
Since the Han Dynasty, officials began to live here. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars in the north caused a large number of people to migrate southward. This trend led to the rapid economic and cultural development of the south, and the economic center of gravity moved southward. In the Tang Dynasty, a considerable scale of official residences had been formed here. In the Song Dynasty paintings "Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" and "Pingjiang Picture", the architectural layout of Jiangnan folk houses has been concretely and vividly described.
With the establishment of Hangzhou as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangnan has experienced unprecedented development in politics, economy, and culture. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jiangnan had become the most economically and culturally developed region in the country. dignitaries, landowners, wealthy businessmen, and literati all chose this place to build residences, villas, pavilions, and pavilions everywhere, each with its own characteristics.
Due to the large population and precious land, the buildings in Jiangnan are extremely space-saving. However, due to the efforts made in height, the architectural art is more sophisticated than elegant. However, the houses placed in the gurgling water through the hands of skilled craftsmen are still fascinating.
The six famous ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River in my country include Zhouzhuang, Tongli, and Jiaozhi (sounds like Luzhi) in Jiangsu, and Xitang, Nanxun, and Wuzhen in Zhejiang. These six ancient towns are also water towns with unique features. With deep cultural heritage, Xitang is located in Jiashan County, Wuzhen is located in Tongxiang City, and Nanxun is located in Huzhou City (Huzhou is also the origin of Hubi). These six ancient towns are all concentrated in the southeast of Taihu Lake. Zhouzhuang and Jiaozhi are more than 40 kilometers apart, and the waterway between Tongli and Zhouzhuang is only more than ten kilometers.
6. I beg for the words that describe Jiangnan water towns or ancient towns, with delicate writing style
Turning a corner, the green with some dense water vapor comes into view. The library, Xiaolianzhuang, is full of literary style. It is elegant and elegant, with the wisteria corridor filled with the fragrance of books and the fragrance of lotus filling the hall; there is also the former residence of Zhang Jingjiang, who once served as Chiang Kai-shek's matchmaker, and the former residence of Zhang Shiming, who had a Western dance hall in the 1920s. Wandering there, you can imagine the great times of those days. Qihua, sighing...Nanxun is fascinating. The winding corridors are more than a thousand meters long. Under the corridors along the river, there are pictures of small town houses. The doors are wide open, embroidered and painted, Some people were sitting leisurely smoking cigarettes, and some people moved the tables outside to have a drink by the river, or make a cup of tea, and enjoy themselves. A boat rolled across the stone bridge and slid into the distance... Shipi Lane, let's go for a run. Well, in that narrow alley, I can vaguely hear the sound of footsteps; Bazhen cake is here to support people. Bring a few bags back... Xitang, an ink painting of a Jiangnan water town, makes people want to go there again. Mao Dun Sir, my former residence is in Wuzhen. "Lin's Shop", "Spring Silkworms" and "Midnight" must be familiar to everyone, right? My husband has passed away, but his articles have been passed down for a long time. Come and have a look at his former residence. Perhaps, the harvest will be beyond your imagination. Wuzhen has developed tourism with a large amount of money and a high starting point. The characteristics of folk cultural tourism have attracted many tourists. Wuzhen’s snack Gusao Cake There is also a story, and there are legends about the black buildings. In fact, Gusao cakes are no better than the peach cakes in Shanghai, and the black houses on the green water are not necessarily sobering. However, because there are legends and stories, It shows its unique charm. Oh, and don’t forget to bring some chrysanthemums back. This is the birthplace of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum. Tongli, a water town, a bridge town, a land of fish and rice. It was once one of the "four major rice markets in the south of the Yangtze River". Two halls and three bridges are used as symbols. It is a custom here to walk on three bridges to bring good luck when getting married or having a child full moon. The Tuisi Garden is a classic of Aishui Garden in classical gardens. Walking in the garden, the scenery changes every step of the way, which makes it even more wonderful. What's amazing is that there are no railings along the pool, and the water is close to the shore. The breeze blows, and you feel as if you are walking on the green waves, and you feel lighter without realizing it. No wonder, this place has been used as a location for 40 movies and TV series. There are 1 number one scholar, 38 Jinshi, and 80 Juren. This small town has produced so many celebrities and scholars, and there are no shortage of deep residences and courtyards. There are still more than 10 Ming Dynasty buildings and dozens of Qing Dynasty buildings. "Pearl Tower" The story of Zhouzhuang originated from here. Because of Chen Yifei’s Shuangqiao, Zhouzhuang’s fame has already spread beyond the country. But because of this, Zhouzhuang has become a big market. I first met Zhouzhuang 18 years ago, and it was not famous yet. Shuangqiao Wanran, quietly greeting and carrying people, is only used for transportation. Nowadays, the twin bridges have become scenic spots with high added value, but they are also causing trouble. I wonder if this is worth celebrating? Or worry? I wonder if the floor of Shen Hall can withstand the trampling of many tourists day after day? Peanut cake is no longer as delicious as it used to be, and the overflow of Wansan Hoof has also turned off the appetite of tourists. It is said that Zhouzhuang *** is adjusting the pattern of Zhouzhuang's tourism development, hoping to return tourists to their hometown in the near future. An authentic ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River. Jinxi----Chen Mu----Jinxi, the changes in the name of the ancient town tell the story of the pace of history. Since the emperor's concubine surnamed Chen was buried here due to illness, Jinxi was renamed Chen Mu. With the development of tourism and the development of the ancient town, returning to Jinxi is actually the expectation of the people in the ancient town. The tomb of Concubine Chen in the lake outside the town witnesses the progress of the ancient town. Today's Jinxi is full of tourists, but the ancient town still remains It has retained its tranquility. There are also shops on the streets, but most of them are home-made local specialties: dried shrimps, dried malan head, pumpkin cakes, sock-soled crisps. Under the eaves, along the river, there are small wooden tables. It looks old, and the paint color is no longer visible, but it is an extension of the teahouse. Spend a few yuan, sit there for a long time, watch the ripples in the water, and chat casually with the old people in the town. For a moment, it feels like you have traveled through time and space. , the secular world, impetuousness, are so far away... At the foot of Lingyan Mountain, there is an ancient town named Mudu. In order to ecstasy the King of Wu back then, there is Guanwa Palace and the name Mudu. Let's take a stroll in the ancient town. After all, the development days are not long. Long, there are not many tourists yet. You can calmly enjoy the flowers in the Yanjia Garden, you can calmly see the emperor's imperial edict in the Hongyin Mountain House, you can calmly appreciate the exquisite Suzhou embroidery, and you can calmly take photos without worrying about the background. Many tourists "take photos" together. Let's go and climb Lingyan Mountain, which is very close at hand. Every pore is open and sucks in the cool mountain breeze. It's so refreshing! .
7. Jiangnan composition in ancient poetry
The Jiangnan water town is sentimental and tender.
Du Mu's "Thousands of Miles of Orioles Crying Green and Reflecting Red, Water Villages and Mountains with Wine Flags" once described the spring scenery of Jiangnan: Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, orioles flying in the sky, grass growing, green leaves and red flowers, birds singing and flowers fragrant, mountain villages next to the water, and city walls nestled against the mountains. The spring breeze is strong and the wine flag is fluttering. There are natural landscapes such as mountains, rivers, flowers, and birds, as well as humanistic phenomena such as cities, villages, and wine flags.
Jiangnan is not only extremely beautiful, but also densely populated and very wealthy. It can be seen that the Jiangnan water town is sentimental and tender towards people! Ma Zhiyuan's "Little Bridges and Flowing Waters".
The bridges and water interpret Jiangnan as poetic and picturesque, completely natural. Water is the dream of flowing water in the Jiangnan water town. The gurgling water technology spreads out the soft silk, flutters in the breeze, and runs happily on the earth.
Water is the lingering dream of the Jiangnan water town, and its ingenious figure is like the light wings of an elf flying. It is transparent and simple in the sun, elegant and blurred in the drizzle. The water town in the south of the Yangtze River is sentimental and tender towards the water and the bridge! The rain in the south of the Yangtze River is spiritual, and the spiritual river is poetic. The rain falls from the long and distant historical time and space, which is somewhat stagnant but also somewhat bright.
The rain from the south of the Yangtze River fell on the rubble. Just like the sound of Sizhu, worry and resentment are urgent and slow.
There are Jiangnan’s thoughts and soul in the river. Otherwise, how could Jiangnan have a different charm in the misty rain? When you hold an umbrella and walk across the small bridge and the long ancient alley. It will definitely make you feel a little melancholy and give you a vague nostalgia.
Pingtan playing to the sound of silk and bamboo is another scenery of Jiangnan. The long ancient alleys, ancient stone bridges and long clear water carry the feelings of history. The soul of Jiangnan is in the water, in the stone bridges, in the ancient alleys, and deep in people's hearts.
This is Jiangnan, the picturesque Jiangnan, the Jiangnan that arouses the poet's thoughts and poetic nature. It is sentimental and tender. No wonder there is this poem by Bai Juyi: "Jiangnan is good, and the scenery is familiar to me.
When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire, and when spring comes, the river is as green as blue. Can you not remember Jiangnan?".