The Mongolian people have always respected the color white, which is why they call the first month of the lunar calendar the "White Moon" and the New Year's Day the "White Festival". Mongolian New Year's preparations begin on the twenty-third day of the Lunar New Year. In addition to sweeping, bathing, and arranging yurts, people wear new clothes and horses wear red tassels and new saddles. A whole cow or sheep with a haida is offered to the closest friends and relatives. New Year's Eve to eat "hand-meat" to show that the family reunion. The first morning of the first day of the year to the elders first toast to the New Year's wine, and then to the same generation of wine, friends and relatives to give each other the hatha, congratulations on the New Year's good luck and good luck. The first day of the New Year to the elders must be in the morning.
The Bai people
The Bai people began to worship each other and give gifts on New Year's Eve. After midnight, young men and women compete to be the first to pick water to show their diligence. Early in the morning, the whole family drinks sugar water soaked with rice flowers, wishing for a day sweeter than honey. After breakfast, children are led by adults to their friends' and relatives' homes to pay New Year's greetings to their elders. Dragon lanterns, lion dances and whip beating are indispensable activities of the festival.
Buyi
Buyi people prepare festive food such as poi and rice wine before New Year's Eve, and keep watch on New Year's Eve until dawn. When the rooster crows at dawn, the girls scramble to the river to carry water, and whoever carries back the first load of water first shows that she is the most industrious and the happiest.
Koreans
The Korean New Year's Eve family vigil goes on all night long, with the ancient music of the Gayeqin and the Tubular Jiao bringing people into the new year. During the festival, men, women, and children sing and dance, and hold competitions such as the pressurized springboard and tug-of-war. On the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month, a traditional celebration is held in which a few elderly people are chosen to climb the "moon watchers" to be the first to see the bright moon, which implies good health, progress, and all the best for their children and grandchildren. Afterwards, everyone dances around the lighted "moon frame," accompanied by long drums, tubular pipes and suona music.
The Daur ethnic group
The Daur language calls the Spring Festival "Ane". On the morning of New Year's Day, every family sweeps the courtyard, and in front of the main door with debris and livestock feces yards into a high stack, and in the evening after the stacks are lit up, the smoke lingers, and a festive atmosphere hangs over the whole place. The old people throw large pieces of meat, buns, dumplings and other food into the fire, blessing the well-being of people and animals, and a good harvest. In the evening, the whole family eats hand-held meat and engages in various activities to celebrate the old and welcome the new. People put incense on the snowy ground on the west side of the house and bow to the west to honor their ancestors. On New Year's Eve, families eat dumplings wrapped in white thread to symbolize longevity. During the Spring Festival, there are field hockey games, masquerades, and games such as listening to books and singing.
The Gaoshan people
Dressed in colorful national costumes, the Gaoshan people gather in groups at the edge of villages to drink wine and sing and dance to the accompaniment of musical instruments in the Spring Festival. Some villages also hold fish-forking competitions and carry out sports activities such as basket ball and pole ball.
Herzhe
Herzhe Spring Festival is the happiest program of the year. On New Year's Eve, every family cooks New Year's dinner, cuts windows and pastes lanterns. On the first day of the New Year, girls, women and children wear new clothes embroidered with cloud borders and go to the homes of their friends and relatives to pay tribute to the New Year. Fish feast is a delicious dish for the Hezhen people to entertain their guests, including the sour and spicy flavor of "Tara Chang" (raw fish), the flavorful and crispy "Fried Fish Hair" and the transparent and bright red salmon roe. Skiing, shooting at straw targets, and pitching straw balls are recreational activities that fascinate the youth of the Hezhen ethnic group.
Lahu
The Lahu celebrate the Big New Year from the first to the fourth day of the first month, and the Small New Year from the ninth to the eleventh day of the first month. On the night of the 30th day of the Lahu month, pigs are killed and sticky rice poi is pounded, and each family makes a pair of large poi to symbolize the stars, which indicates good weather and abundant harvests in the new year. The Lahu also have the custom of gathering together to observe the New Year.
The Manchu
The Manchu celebrate the Spring Festival with window decals, couplets and the word "God". On New Year's Eve, the whole family wrapped dumplings, dumplings, speaking of pleated, can not pinch the light side of the "monk head" dumplings, fear of the day over the "bald". Dumplings should be coded into horizontal and vertical rows to symbolize the new year's wealth in all directions, dumplings can not be arranged in a circle, fear that the days have no doorway.
She
She people have to pound mochi for the Spring Festival, which is a symbol of good luck in the new year, and is sweet and sticky every day. The She tribe worships the ancestor of "Pan Gou", and on the first day of the New Year, the whole family bows down to "Pan Gu Zutu" (a picture painted according to the legend of Pan Gou) to tell the story of the hardship of the ancestor's business.
The Tujia people
The Tujia people have a Spring Festival dance. In the past, when the dance of swinging hands, we should first hang three cages of tents in the "swinging hands hall", inside the tent hanging pig's head, pork, incense and wild boar's head, hooves, and so on, and then dressed in red vestments wearing the crown of the law of old Tuji holding a magic weapon, with Guan swinging shouts, men, women and children to participate in the worship of the gods, and then dance. Now the Tujia in addition to dance swinging hands, but also to play dragon lanterns, playing lion, performing theater and martial arts.
The Spring Festival of the Zhuang People
The Zhuang People
The Spring Festival of the Zhuang People is held for three days from the 30th day of the new year to the first and second day of the first month of the lunar calendar, ****. On New Year's Eve, families kill chickens and ducks, and steam buckled meat, powdered fine meat and barbecued pork. The rice on New Year's Eve should be steamed a lot to symbolize affluence. There should be white chopped chicken on the dinner table, and for families with elderly people, there are also stewed pig's feet and stewed whole chickens. Rice dumplings are an essential food for the Zhuang Spring Festival, but they are not eaten on the 30th night. Zhuang dumplings are more noble food, large one or two pounds, small two or three two. In addition to this there is a "Feng Mo", meaning that the oversized dumplings, weighing one, twenty pounds. The flavor of the dumplings is excellent. On the first and second day of the first month of the guests to eat rice dumplings. Spring Festival to be held during the song, playing gyro, dancing, ball games and other cultural and sports activities.
Tibetan New Year
According to Tibetan scholars, in the ancient times, Tibet is not the turn of winter and spring New Year, but the summer New Year, "wheat ripe for the first of the year," "under the snowy mountains, the wheat is yellow, happy New Year came." Now, in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, there is a tradition of "Wang Guo" festival before the fall harvest. People wear ancient costumes, riding a horse, along the harvest barley land circle prayer, but also horseback archery, dancing around the bonfire carnival, both entertainment themselves, but also entertainment local protection god. According to legend, this is all ancient Tibet June New Year's Eve legacy.
There is also the New Year in the Tibetan calendar on the first day of October, "wheat harvest for the first of the year". Four hundred kilometers east of Lhasa, snow-capped mountains and primeval forests surrounded by the work of the cloth (Linzhi) area, is still the first day of the tenth month of the Tibetan New Year, known as the "work of the cloth Loza". Tibetan history records, Gongbu area has a very long history, as early as in the Tubo dynasty before the establishment of the Tibetan primitive religion benzene religion is very prevalent here. The celebration of the New Year in the tenth month of the Tibetan calendar originated in those ancient times.
Around the 13th century AD, when the Sakya dynasty ruled Tibet, Tibetans celebrated the New Year in the first month of the Tibetan calendar. However, farmers often celebrated the New Year earlier, on the first day of December, which was called "Sorang Losar" (Farmer's New Year). The reason is that in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, spring is in the air, and the preparation for plowing is so busy that farmers no longer have the heart to celebrate the New Year.
New Year's Day to wear the most beautiful clothes, wear the most precious jewelry, even if the economic conditions of the poor, but also to prepare a New Year's Eve robe, or one or two rough decorations, the Tibetan language is called 'Saju', i.e., the new clothes. These of course come from the nature of Tibetans to love beauty. But there are also said that the God King Xinzhu Qu Jie, to observe the world's life from the copper mirror, everyone dressed beautifully, he was happy, and then give the world some favor, dressed in rags, he was upset, descending disasters and plagues. Therefore, wearing new clothes on New Year's Day has the meaning of pleasing the God-King.
On the third day of the first month, Lhasa people in groups, out of the noisy and bustling market, to the eastern suburb of the Baobao Mountain and the western suburb of the Medicine King Mountain, inserting sutra flags, hanging colorful streamers, sacrifices to the god of the mountain and the god of the water.
The first five days of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, Lhasa suburbs of farmers to hold a grand open plow ceremony. Farmers dressed in festive attire, strong Pian plough oxen dressed more beautiful, forehead pasted with ghee pattern, horns inserted with red flags and colorful feathers, shoulders draped in colored satin, satin decorated with shells and turquoise, tail tied with colorful ribbons, with "flamboyant" to describe, is not excessive.
Mongolian small year and big year
Mongolian people on the twenty-third day of the lunar month "small year". This day is to send "the fire god of the year fire" day, every family in front of the "stove god" niche burning incense. Offerings of beef, mutton, butter, milk skin, cheese, milk cake, candy and other offerings, called "Zaizao". This day is the most important family reunion, eat reunion dinner, drink reunion wine, especially lively. In the evening, that is, to send the gods to heaven, people should be prepared in advance of the firewood or cow and sheep dung pieces, with fire, and then from a variety of offerings to take out a little, thrown into the fire, help the fire burning. At this time, the whole family prayed to the fire goddess against the flame. Generally on the fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year, every family should slaughter the cows and sheep, in addition to leaving their own food, but also to prepare some meat to give to friends and relatives. At the same time, they have to make a good-looking Mongolian robe for children and adults, buy new boots, new hats, purchase milk buckets, felt, pots and pans, pots and spoons and other utensils, and then the holiday riding horse conditioning. The Spring Festival, which is called "White Festival" and "Big Year" by Mongolians, is a traditional program of Mongolians, which is held on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.
Mongolians living in rural areas, cities, industrial and mining areas of the Spring Festival customs with the Han Chinese are similar, but the pastoral areas have many different characteristics. New Year's Eve night for the "old age", the old family sitting on the floor in the yurt around a low table, the table is set with a plate of fragrant meat, milk food, as well as sweets, cigarettes, wine and other things, and some have to be on the low table for a large paper, written on the paper with the name of the ancestor. At midnight, start drinking and eating New Year's dinner, or eat New Year's Eve dumplings. According to the rules of the reunion feast to eat more wine, meat, food utensils should be set full of a seat. If you can't eat it all, you should have as much left over as possible to symbolize that you will have more food and drink in the new year, and that you will have more money every year. The young people in the family should toast to the elders, "the New Year's Eve wine". Particularly interesting is the whole family **** eat a piece of ghee, sugar, white flour branded into a large round cake, which is called to eat New Year's Day cake, each person only ate a bite, meaning the whole family will never be separated, permanently reunited, and will always have sweet days. New Year's Eve to play "Garamu" (play sheep bones), storytelling, singing, dancing, all night long, lively night. New Year's Eve, according to the custom of New Year's Day, the night of the New Year's Eve for the resignation of the old year ceremony, the first morning of the New Year, the younger generation to parents and the old man kowtow, toast, offer hatha, wishing the old people good health, happiness in old age! The old people embrace their grandchildren and pour a bowl of fresh milk, wishing their children happiness and purity like milk. Before liberation, some families also invited the lama to the home to recite sutras, eliminating the New Year's bad luck, praying for the New Year's prosperity of the family. The whole family, old and young, go to the Lama Temple to burn incense and worship, and seek the blessing of the living Buddha. After breakfast on the first day of the New Year, men and women in full costume, three or five groups to the HaoTe (villages and towns), from house to house to friends and relatives to pay tribute to the New Year. Guests into the house first kowtow to the elders to pay tribute to the New Year, wishing the elderly good health, abundant life. According to customary son-in-law of the host shirt to the guests one by one toast, each toast must drink, or drink while singing, singing and dancing. In the village cold or choose a piece of grass horse racing, jousting, camel racing and so on.
Tibetan Spring Festival
Tibetan people celebrate the New Year, is in accordance with their own calendar for the Tibetan calendar year. The Tibetan calendar is similar to the Chinese lunar calendar. The Tibetan New Year usually comes a few days after the Han Chinese New Year. On the day before New Year's Eve, when the sun is about to set, every family pours out dirty water and dirt to the west, so that those dirty things can be removed following the setting of the sun, in order to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and to hope for the prosperity of the people and the growth of all things.
New Year's Eve this day, to hold a grand, grand "Jumping God will". People wearing colorful costumes, wearing strange masks, in the conch, drums, suona and other musical instruments accompanied by singing and dancing, to show that the old to welcome the new, drive away the evil and blessing. New Year's Eve night, Tibetans like to eat food is oil cake, milk cake, blood sausage, hand-held meat and so on. On the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, women go to the river or well to carry "auspicious water" to symbolize the good luck of the whole family, health and longevity. Then, every family puts a symbolic offering, "Druk Suqi Ma", on a conspicuous red table. "Bamboo Suqi Ma" that is the Yuan Bao type of long, large colorful pot (similar to the Han region of the grain bucket), at one end filled with wheat grains, the other end is filled with sugar, ghee and barley flour made of pastries, and inserted in the top of a few bunches of color dyed wheat and barley ears, wishing to look forward to a bumper harvest, livestock and prosperity. Happy people in the house with "bamboo Suqi Ma", gathered around each other to drink barley wine, presenting khata, singing and dancing to celebrate the New Year.
During the Spring Festival, family, friends and neighbors, are to pay homage to each other, give each other khata, wishing a happy and happy. And with barley wine, ghee tea and cakes to entertain guests. The square and the wilderness is very lively, the young people get together to hold a race and shooting competition, singing and cheering one after another. After the competition, everyone gathered around, lit a bonfire, played and sang songs of unity and blessing, danced the "pot Zhuang" and string dance, and partied into the night.
The Spring Festival of Other Ethnic Groups
The Bai people:
The Bai people begin to worship each other and give gifts on New Year's Eve. After midnight, young men and women compete to be the first to carry water to show their diligence. Early in the morning, the whole family drinks sugar water soaked with rice flowers, wishing for a day sweeter than honey. After breakfast, children are led by adults to their friends' and relatives' homes to pay New Year's greetings to their elders. Dragon lanterns, lion dances and whip beating are indispensable activities of the festival.
Buyi:
Buyi people prepare festive food such as poi and rice wine before New Year's Eve, and keep vigil on New Year's Eve until dawn. When the rooster crows at dawn, the girls scramble to the river to carry water, and whoever carries back the first load of water first shows that she is the most industrious and the happiest.
Korean:
Korean New Year's Eve is a time when the whole family observes the New Year's Eve all night long, and the ancient music of the Gayeqin and the Tubular Jiao brings people into the new year. During the festival, men, women, and children sing and dance, and hold competitions such as pressure skipping and tug-of-war. On the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month, a traditional celebration is held in which a few elderly people are chosen to climb the "moon watchers" to be the first to see the bright moon, which implies good health, progress, and all the best for their children and grandchildren. Afterwards, everyone dances around the lighted "moon frame," accompanied by music played by long drums, tubular pipes and suona.
Daur:
The Daur language calls the Spring Festival "Ane". On the morning of New Year's Day, every family cleans the courtyard, and in front of the main door, they make a high stack of debris and animal dung, and in the evening they light up the stacks with light smoke, and a festive atmosphere hangs over the whole place. The old people throw large pieces of meat, buns, dumplings and other food into the fire, blessing the well-being of people and animals, and a good harvest. In the evening, the whole family eats hand-held meat and engages in a variety of activities to celebrate the old and welcome the new. On New Year's Eve, families eat dumplings, which are wrapped with white threads to symbolize a long life. During the Spring Festival, there are field hockey games, masquerade parties, and singing and listening to books.
The Gaoshan people:
Dressed in colorful national costumes, people of the Gaoshan people gather in groups at the edge of villages to drink wine and sing and dance to the accompaniment of musical instruments in the Spring Festival. Some villages also hold fish-forking competitions and carry out sports activities such as basket ball and pole ball.
Herzhe:
On New Year's Eve, every family cooks rice, cuts windows and pastes lanterns. On the first day of the New Year, girls, women and children wear new clothes embroidered with cloud borders and go to the homes of friends and relatives to pay tribute to the New Year. Fish feast is a delicious dish for the Hezhen people to entertain their guests, including the sour and spicy flavor of "Tara Chang" (raw fish), the flavorful and crispy "fried fish hair" and the transparent and bright red salmon roe. Skiing, shooting at straw targets, and pitching straw balls are recreational activities that fascinate the youth of the Hezhen ethnic group.
Lahu:
The Lahu celebrate the Big New Year from the first to the fourth day of the first month, and the Small New Year from the ninth to the eleventh day of the first month. On the night of the 30th day of the Lahu month, pigs are killed, glutinous rice poi is pounded, and each family makes a pair of large poi to symbolize the stars, indicating good weather and abundant harvests in the new year. The Lahu also have the custom of gathering together to observe the New Year.
Manchu:
Manchu people have to put up window decorations, couplets and the word "God" during the Spring Festival. New Year's Eve, the whole family wrapped dumplings, dumplings are concerned about pleated, can not pinch the light side of the "monk head" dumplings, fear of the day over the "bald". Dumplings should be coded into horizontal and vertical rows, symbolizing the new year's wealth in all directions, dumplings can not be arranged into a circle, fear of the days of no doorway.
She:
She people have to pound mochi for the Spring Festival, taking its harmonic sound, wishing for good mochi in the new year, day after day, sticky (year after year) sweet. The She people worship their ancestor, Pangu, and on the first day of the Lunar New Year, the whole family bows to Pangu Zutu (a picture painted according to the legend of Pangu) and tells the story of the hardships of their ancestor's business.
The Tujia people:
The Tujia people have a Spring Festival dance. In the past, when dancing, we should first hang three cages of tents at the "Pendulum Hall", and inside the tents, we should hang pig's head, pork, incense and wild boar's head and hooves, etc., and then we should wear red vestments and a crown of old Tuji holding a magic weapon, swaying and shouting, men, women and children participate in the ceremony, and worship the gods and then dance. Now the Tujia people in addition to dance swinging hands, but also to play dragon lanterns, playing lion, performing theater and martial arts.
Wa:
The Wa congratulate each other on the first day of the Lunar New Year, and especially pay homage to the elders in the village. When paying homage, they give each other bananas, glutinous rice poi and sugar cane to symbolize unity and harmony. The Wa men and women in Cangyuan and other places gather in squares on festival nights to dance in circles, while older women wear long skirts and dozens of them are in a line, with their hands on the shoulders of the person in front of them, singing ancient songs while moving lightly in their dance steps.
Kirghiz -- the first month of every year, the Kirghiz people will celebrate the "Norodz" festival, which is very similar to the Chinese New Year. At the festival, each family according to their own ability to make the meal more sumptuous, treating each other to celebrate. On the night of the festival, when the herds of animals from the pasture back, each family felt house before the use of hyacinth grass to build a pile of fire, people first jumped from the top, and then the livestock jumped from the top, to signal the elimination of disasters and difficulties, in the new year, livestock and people two prosperous.
The Hani people celebrate the New Year twice a year. One is the October Festival and the other is the June Festival. Hani calendar to October for the first year, that is, the "big year". New Year's Day, people visit friends and relatives, marriage. "June Festival" during the animal sacrifice to ancestors, swinging, wrestling, singing songs and other cultural and sports activities.
Kado people (Hani tribe)--The Kado people in Xinping County, Yunnan Province, celebrate the New Year on the sixth day of the first month of the lunar calendar. Legend has it that in ancient times, brave Kado youths went out to fight in the war in order to resist foreign invasions, and left the word on their way that a new life would begin on whichever day they returned to their hometowns. After the war, they did not return home until the sixth day of the new year because of the long journey. People in their hometown set this day as the beginning of a new year. During the New Year, they celebrate by killing pigs and slaughtering sheep and dancing the big drum.
The Yi People
The Yi Torch Festival is also known as the Yi New Year. In the eyes of the Yi people, fire symbolizes light, justice, prosperity, and a powerful force capable of destroying all evil. The Torch Festival is a festival of joy, love and happiness for the Yi people.