"Diligence and faithfulness" is the basic impression left by the Tu people to the world. In the history books, it has long been recorded that Tu people are "simple in folk customs, strong in customs, firm and generous in human nature" and "diligent in farming". Traditional virtues such as unity and mutual assistance, respect for the elderly and love for the young, and hospitality are very popular in Turkey.
Turks often say, "guests come, they like to come." The reception etiquette of the Tu people is particularly interesting, such as the custom of "three glasses of wine" and "three meals", which is well known. As long as they know that there are guests visiting, Turks will prepare wine sets in advance and wait outside the village. After the guests arrive, respectfully propose three glasses of wine to each guest, called "dismount wine"; After the guests come to the door, they pour three more glasses of wine, which is called "three glasses of wine at the door"; After the guests sit on the kang at home, the host will propose a toast to everyone three times, this time called "three glasses of wine for good luck". Every festive and important festival, the host should prepare "three dishes" with different flavors to entertain the guests: generally, the first meal is Fu tea and steamed buns; The second meal is oil cake and milk tea; Three-course rice noodles or noodles. When the guests taste the delicious food, the host will also offer wine and delicacies such as green tree wine and hand-grabbed mutton, and sing a song with you before getting drunk. When the guests get up and leave after eating, the host will finally throw three toasts at the guests. This is the guest's farewell wine, called "horse wine". Turkish hosts believe that if guests drink more wine and eat sweeter food, it means that they are successful and considerate in hospitality.
1, clothing
1950 or so, Turkish young men usually wear a white jacket with a small collar and black cuffs, and a green jacket with a 4-inch square embroidered pocket sewn at the upper part of the lapel and a long embroidered cloth belt at the waist. Embroidered small wallet on the shoulder during a long journey. The crotch is wide, the calf is bandaged, and embroidered shoes and socks are worn on the feet. Women in felt hats are good at embroidery. A blouse is a wide robe of various colors, with 3 to 4 layers at the neckline, and various patterns are embroidered with silk thread. Coat, black or blue vest. The sleeves are made of five-color cloth. The waist is embroidered with wide cloth or ribbon, and the skirt is tied with flowered handkerchiefs, purses and small bells. Pants are wide, and a one-foot-high coat is "bent" with black or blue cloth. The "bent" is connected with the trouser legs with white cloth strips below the knee, and the black and blue cloth is edged. Wear embroidered waist shoes with stockings. Married women have double braids and knitted sleeves. Wear lace felt hat or flower arrangement hat, long silver earrings, amber, jade, silver, copper bracelets or rings. Unmarried girls tied a red rope with a single braid and sewed a red cloth to "bend over". Old women are mainly dressed in black and blue. In the 1980s, except for the elderly, young men and women changed clothes according to the changes of the times and rarely wore traditional clothes.
Step 2 eat and drink
Tu people are mainly farmers, and their diet structure is similar to that of Han people. When entertaining guests, use a square red lacquer wooden plate to bring the whole piece of pork up and insert a knife on it for the guests to cut. Festivals use flour and clear oil to make cakes, which are buried in the fire and burned into buns to entertain guests. In the local language, it is called "day after day". In summer, I like to pick nettles and flour to make soup, bake pancakes and roll them, which is called "back pocket". I like to eat greasy dough. Men generally like to drink home-brewed wine, but now they use white wine instead.
Step 3 be alive
Tu people live in a single-family villa, a bungalow with civil structure, a wall in front of the door, a circular rotating groove in the courtyard and a neutral "Mani column". Make a mud kang by the window in the house, and simmer for dinner or sleep in cold weather.
Step 4 get married
The Tu people are monogamous. Marriage has procedures such as proposal, engagement, gift giving and marriage. Tu nationality. Men and women can sing and dance, and the wedding scene is lively and cheerful. On the first day of marriage, the man asked the matchmaker to send the woman a "maze" (mutton or pork). In the evening, choose two smart and capable "Na Xin" (wedding people) who can rap, ride horses with the groom, and pick up the bride with mutton, wine and clothes. At the door of the woman's house, her relatives and neighbors receive gifts. The two sides sang and danced at the door and sang to each other. When entering the door, two young women sprinkled flour and water on the married person. After singing in the door, go to the kang to host a banquet. During the period, a pile of firewood was burned in the yard, and the girls and * * * danced "Zhao An Dance" around the fire, singing songs and praising the bride's beauty, wisdom and ability; The letter praised the groom for his diligence, courage and shrewdness. The two sides drank wine songs all night. At dawn, the bride got dressed and set off. When going out, the bride's father scattered red chopsticks in the yard, indicating that he wanted to leave the money at her family's house, and her mother threw the bride's old clothes outside the yard, indicating that she was married. Married men return to the man's door and are allowed to enter after drinking. The bride and groom walked slowly into the room on the white carpet, worshipped the heavens and the earth and entered the bridal chamber. The next morning, the bride offered tea and toast to her in-laws and neighbors, and went home three days later.
5. Funeral
There are three kinds of Tus: cremation, celestial burial and burial. Cremation: After death, the corpse is tied with white or yellow cloth into a crouching posture with hands folded, covered with white and yellow shroud, and placed in a wooden coffin to mourn for relatives. Then send it to the field cremator for burning on the selected date, and then put the ashes in wooden boxes or temporarily bury them in the soil in porcelain jars. Moved into the ancestral grave the next year. Celestial burial is the same as Tibetan burial, but it is mostly used for children. Ask the Lama to recite the scriptures when he is buried. A man should turn his brown shirt upside down, tie a hemp belt around his waist and don't wear a hat. Women don't wear red, green and other colors. From the 3rd day to the 49th day after burial, family members go to the grave to pay homage every day.
6. festivals
The Turks mainly celebrate the Spring Festival and Duanyang Festival. Its customs are basically the same as those of the Han nationality. Spring Festival couplets are generally not posted during the Spring Festival. During the Lantern Festival, many swings are erected in every village for young women to swing on.
7. Taboo
Tu people don't eat horses, mules and dog meat. Avoid defecation in the barn. Don't take off your hat in front of your elders. Children are not allowed to visit during mourning. Family members wear red and green clothes within one year after death, but it is not New Year's Day. Go out in the morning to avoid people who pick empty barrels and baskets. Women are forbidden to have children. It is forbidden to dry clothes on the flagpole. You don't need a cracked or perforated bowl to serve tea and rice to your guests.