On October 1, 1949, at 3 p.m., 300,000 people in Beijing held a ceremony in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the founding of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China and the Central People's Government, and raised the first five-star red flag in person. Chairman Mao read out the Proclamation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is the only lawful government representing the people of the People's Republic of China. This Government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government that is willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty." A military parade and mass procession followed. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De inspected the navy, army and air force and announced the Order of the Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), ordering the PLA to quickly purge all remnants of the Kuomintang's armed forces and to liberate all the yet to be liberated territories. On the same day, Beijing Xinhua Broadcasting Station conducted a live broadcast of the Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China*** and the State in Tiananmen Square. This is the first large-scale live broadcast in the history of Chinese people's broadcasting, people's radio stations across the country at the same time syndicated.
Country National Day origin
The basis for determining the National Day in countries around the world is very strange. According to statistics, there are 35 countries in the world that celebrate their national day on the day the country was founded. The day of occupation of the capital as the national day of Cuba, Cambodia and so on. Some countries take the national independence day as the national day. 1804 January 1, the Haitian people annihilated Napoleon's 60,000 expeditionary force, declared independence in Port-au-Prince, and from then on the first of January every year as the national day. The same is true for Mexico, Ghana and other countries. There are also some countries to the anniversary of the armed uprising as a national holiday. July 14 is the French national day. 1789 this day, the people of Paris captured the Bastille, a symbol of feudal rule, overthrew the monarchy. Some other countries celebrate their national days on the days of major conferences. The United States celebrates July 4, 1776, the day the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, as its national day. Canada celebrates its national day on July 1, 1867, the day the British Parliament passed the North America Act of Great Britain. There are also national days celebrated on the birthdays of heads of state, such as in Nepal, Thailand, Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium and other countries.
October 1, 1949, is the anniversary of the founding of the new China. It should be clarified here that, in the impression of many people, on October l, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China*** and the State of China was held in Beijing's Tiananmen Square with the participation of hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians. In fact, this impression in people's minds is not accurate. Because the ceremony held in Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949 was the founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, not the Founding Ceremony. In fact, the "founding" of the People's Republic of China, that is to say, the establishment of the People's Republic of China, had already been announced a week before October 1 of that year. At that time, it was not called the "Founding Ceremony", but the "Founding Ceremony". The date was September 21, 1949, when the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was held. On that day, Mao Zedong, head of the preparatory committee for the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), announced the birth of a new China in his opening speech at the first session of the CPPCC.
So what about National Day on October 1? At the first meeting of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Xu Guangping spoke, "Member Ma Shulun was unable to come on leave, and he asked me to say that the founding of the People's Republic of China should be celebrated on a national day, so I hope that this Council will decide to designate October 1 as a national day." Mao Tse-tung said "We should make a proposal, suggest it to the government and let the government decide." On October 2, 1949, the Central People's Government passed the Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which stipulated that October 1 of each year would be the National Day and that this day would be used as the date for proclaiming the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since then, October 1 every year has become a holiday of grand celebration for all ethnic groups in the country.
The Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, the Autumn Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the August Festival, the August Meeting, the Moon Chasing Festival, the Moon Festival, the Moon Festival, the Moon Festival, the Daughter's Festival, or the Festival of Reunion, is popular among many ethnic groups of the nation's traditional cultural festivals, when in the fifteenth day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar calendar; because of its value in the halfway point of the three Autumns, so the name. It is said that this night the moon is the closest to the earth, the moon is the largest round and brightest, so from ancient times to the present day there is the custom of drinking and enjoying the moon; back to the mother's family of the daughter-in-law is the day must return to her husband's family, to imply the meaning of success, auspicious celebration. There are also places where the Mid-Autumn Festival is set on the 16th day of the 8th month, such as Ningbo, Taizhou and Zhoushan, which is related to the fact that when Fang Guozhen occupied Wen, Taizhou and Mingzhou, he changed "the 14th day of the first month for the Lantern Festival and the 16th day of the 8th month for the Mid-Autumn Festival" to prevent the attacks of the Yuan Dynasty soldiers and Zhu Yuantian. In addition, in Hong Kong, after the Mid-Autumn Festival is not yet finished, but also in the sixteen night carnival again. The name is "chasing the moon".
Origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a remnant of the ancient celestial worship - the custom of honoring the moon. According to the "Zhou Rites - Spring Officials" records, the Zhou Dynasty, there have been "Mid-Autumn night to welcome the cold", "Mid-Autumn offer a good fur", "Autumn equinox sunset (moon worship)" activities; Han Dynasty, and in the Mid-Autumn or Autumn Festival Day Han Dynasty, and on the day of the Mid-Autumn Festival or the first day of the Autumn Festival, to honor the old, old age, given to Xiong rough cake. Jin also have the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival, but not too common; until the Tang Dynasty will be the Mid-Autumn Festival and the storage of e moon, Wu Gang fell laurel, Jade Rabbit pounding medicine, Yang Guifei into the moon god, Tang Ming Huang tour of the Moon Palace and other myths combined, so that it is full of romantic colors, play the wind of the moon before the great rise.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the 15th of August was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival, and there was a festival food of "small cakes like chewing the moon, with crispy and syrupy". Meng Yuanlao "Tokyo Dreaming Records" said: "Mid-Autumn Festival night, the noble family decorative pavilions, the folk fight to take over the restaurant to play the moon"; and "the string heavy boiling, near the residents of Naiyen, late at night when I heard the sound of the sheng yao, like the clouds outside. Between the children, even the night wedding play; night market parallel, to the dawn." Wu Zimu "dream beam record" said: "this time the golden phoenix recommended cool, jade dew cool, Dan Gui fragrance, silver toad full of light. Princes, grandchildren, rich families, all climbed the dangerous building, playing with the moon in front of the Xuanxuan, or open the wide pavilion, tortoise feasts lined up, the zither clanging, drinking wine and singing, in order to divine the joy of the night. As for the house of the store, also climbed a small platform, arrange family feasts, the group around the children, to reward the festival. Although the poor basket of people in the ugly alleys, the farmers city wine, reluctantly welcome the joy, and refused to waste time. This night, the sky street selling and buying, until five drums, play the moon tourists, granny in the city, to burn endless." More interestingly, the "new Drunkard's Record" describes the custom of moon worship: "The children of the people of the city are not rich or poor, but can walk on their own to twelve or thirteen, and all of them are decorated with adult's eyes, and they climb up the stairs or burn incense in the atrium to worship the moon, and each of them has its own direction; the men would like to walk to the Toad Palace and climb up to the Immortal Laurel. ...The women would like to look like Chang'e and be as round as the moon."
Ming and Qing dynasties of the moon activities, prevalent. "The fruit and cakes of the festival must be round"; every family must set up a "moonlight place" and "pay homage to the moon" in the direction of the moonrise. Lu Qihong, "Beijing Years of Chinese Records", "Mid-Autumn Festival night, the family set the Moon Palace Fu image, Fu on the free as a person standing; Chen fruits and melons in the court, the cake surface painted Moon Palace toad free; men and women worship burn incense, Dan and burned." Tian Rucheng "West Lake Tourism Zhiyu" cloud: "is the evening, people have a moonlight feast, or with the Park Lake boat, along the tour through the dawn. Above the Su Causeway, the joint song, no different from the day"; "folk invited to the moon cake, take the meaning of reunion". Fucha Dun Chong "Yanjing times" said: "mid-autumn mooncake, before the door to the beauty of the Zhimai for the first in Kyoto, other places are not enough to eat. Presented to the moon moon cake everywhere. Bigger than a foot, painted on the moon palace wax rabbit shape." "every Mid-Autumn Festival, the House of Jumon all to moon cakes and fruit gifts. When the moon is full on the fifteenth day of the month, fruits and melons are displayed in the courtroom for the moon, and the beans and chickpeas are sacrificed. At that time, the white spirit is in the sky, the colorful clouds are dispersed, the cups are passed and the children are noisy, it is really the so-called festive season. The only thing is that the men do not bow to the moon when it is offered." At the same time, in the past five hundred years, there were also "burning incense", "walking on the moon", "releasing lanterns", "tree mid-autumn festival", "lighting pagoda lanterns", "burning incense", "walking on the moon", "releasing lanterns", "tree mid-autumn festival", and "lighting pagoda lanterns". The festival activities include "Moon Walking", "Release of Sky Lanterns", "Tree Mid-Autumn Festival", "Lighting of Pagoda Lanterns", "Dance of the Fire Dragon", "Trailing of Stones", and "Selling of Rabbits". moonlight viewing, eating mooncakes, reunion dinners and other customs have been passed down to the present day.
Mid-Autumn Food Customs
Ancient Han Chinese mid-autumn feast customs, the most refined and elegant court. Such as the Ming Dynasty court fashionable eating crabs. After the crab steamed in a bag, the crowd sat around and tasted, accompanied by wine and vinegar. After eating, drink Su Ye soup, and wash their hands with. Banquet table area around, full of flowers, pomegranates and other seasonal food, the performance of the Mid-Autumn Festival mythological opera. Qing Palace in a courtyard to the east to put a screen, screen on both sides of the shelves of the cockles of the flowers, beans technology, taro, peanuts, radish, fresh lotus root. Screen set up a table in front of the Eight Immortals, on the top of a large moon cake, surrounded by pastries and fruits. Offerings completed, according to the Royal population will be cut into several pieces of moon cake, each person symbolically taste a mouthful, called "eating reunion cake". Qing dynasty moon cake is large, unimaginable. Like the last emperor Puyi rewarded the Minister of Internal Affairs Shao Ying, a moon cake, is "about two feet in diameter, weighing about 20 pounds.
China has more than 20 ethnic minorities have also been the Mid-Autumn Festival, but the festival customs are different. Zhuang used to worship the moon in the river on the bamboo row house with rice cakes, young girls in the water lanterns, in order to measure the happiness of a lifetime, and sing the beautiful "please moon aunt" folk songs. The Koreans use wooden poles and pine boughs to build a "Moon Watching Stand" and first ask the old man to go up to explore the moon, and then light up the Moon Watching Stand, play long drums and Dongxiao, and dance the "Nongjiale Dance" together. The Gelao people slaughter a bull on the Tiger Day before the festival, and save the heart of the bull for the Mid-Autumn Festival night to offer sacrifices to their ancestors and welcome the new valley, which is called the "August Festival". The Dong ethnic group also let young people go on outings and gatherings at this time, which is called the "Catch Ping Festival". On the first day, there is a Lusheng meeting, and on the second day, there are songs. The young people will put on make-up and express their love to their sweethearts. The Dai are firing muskets into the air, then sitting around drinking, tasting dog meat soup pots, pork jerky, pickled eggs and dried eels, laughing and looking at the moon. The Li people call the Mid-Autumn Festival the "August Meeting" or "Tuning Festival". At that time, the towns held songs and dances, each village by a "sound head" (i.e., the leader) led the male and female youth to participate. After the people have gathered, they give each other mooncakes, sweet cakes, sweet pandas, flower scarves, colorful fans and undershirts, and then gather in groups in a continuous stream. At night, they gather around the fire, roast game, drink rice wine, and sing in a grand tune, with unmarried young people taking the opportunity to find their future partners.
Mid-Autumn and Mooncakes
Mid-Autumn is the time to eat mooncakes. It was first mentioned in the words of Su Dongpo, who wrote, "A small cake is like chewing the moon, and there is pastry and syrup in it. In the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the only food for enjoying the moon was "playing with the moon soup" and so on, but not mooncakes. Mooncake as a food name and with the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival linked together, was first seen in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Old Story of Wulin". Since the Ming Dynasty, about the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival to eat moon cakes on the account of more. Wan Department of Miscellany" said that every Mid-Autumn Festival, the people are making cakes to give each other,: the size varies, called "mooncake". Market stores sell moon cakes, more fruit for the filling, clever name, some moon cakes are worth hundreds of dollars. The Xichao music "also said that the 15th of August known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, folk mooncakes as gifts to each other, take the meaning of reunion. On this night, every family holds a feast to enjoy the moon, or brings the food box and wine pot with mooncakes to the lake to enjoy all night. On the Su Causeway of West Lake, people sing and dance in groups. There is no difference with the daytime. From these records, you can see the people of Hangzhou Mid-Autumn Festival night to enjoy the moon.
Over the long term our people have accumulated a wealth of experience in the production of mooncakes, mooncakes are more and more varieties, more and more elaborate process. Salty, sweet, meat, vegetarian each with a different flavor; glossy, lace, each with its own characteristics. The end of the Ming Dynasty Peng Yunzhang in the "Youzhou soil customs" wrote: "Moon Palace cake, the system on the silver toad purple House shadow, a pair of Zhan rabbit full of people. A pair of rabbits filled the earth. I regretted that I had to steal medicine. I can't return to Guanghan, but I have to work on the mortar and pestle to keep my face." This shows that the skilled chef has Chang'e beautiful legend of running to the moon, as a food art pattern image reproduced in the moon cake. Qing dynasty rich tsun chung "yanjing yearly record & gt; also has "to for moon cake, everywhere, the big one more than a foot, painted on the moon palace toad wedding rabbit shape" description. See the ancient moon cakes from the content to the form has been blossomed. Baidu Map