(a) Zhang Youyi?
Zhang Youyi was the first original wife of the poet Xu Zhimo. The divorce of Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi was the first civilized divorce case in China in the recent past, which could be described as a shock and a big uproar in the country at that time. At the time, she and Xu Zhimo moved to a small town called Shaston, which was about six miles away from Cambridge University, where Xu Zhimo was to be a specially selected student in the liberal arts at the university's Royal College. They rented a cottage with two bedrooms and a living room with a large glass window overlooking a path of gray sand. Xu Zhimo hired a female teacher to come to his home to teach her English, but the English class was abandoned halfway because the teacher complained that she had too far to go, and at that time, Zhang had already learned half of the alphabet, and could read "good morning" and a little bit of conversation. At that time, she had so much to do, such as asking for things, cleaning inside and outside, and taking care of the meals. Xu always came home for lunch and dinner, perhaps because they were so poor. If the food was good, Xu didn't say a word, and if it wasn't, she didn't comment. Today, we young people know how to discuss things, like you will probably try to discuss with your husband the size of things, but back then, Zhang could not tell Xu Zhimo any ideas, she could not find any language or words to say, she knew that although she was an old-fashioned woman, but if possible, she was willing to change. Xu always rode his bicycle between Shaston Railway Station and Cambridge, sometimes taking the bus to campus. Even if he didn't go to Cambridge, he would rush out every morning to get a haircut. Zhang couldn't understand this habit of his, and she thought he could simply trim his hair at home and save the money, because it seemed like they were always waiting for the family to send a check. However, Xu Zhimo still I do what I do, do a lot of things that Zhang can not understand. Zhang rarely saw Xu Zhimo during the day; he was always at school. Xu Zhimo had always been so fastidious and easygoing, a man of letters and a dreamer, while Zhang was the complete opposite. One morning, Xu Zhimo announced to her, "There's a guest coming to the house tonight, a friend from Edinburgh University, and I'm going to take her for a stroll to Cornbridge and then bring her back to join me for dinner." Later, when he lived in Shaston, he saw Xu rushing out to get a haircut as soon as he finished breakfast every day, and Zhang guessed that his leaving home so early must have something to do with that girlfriend. It was only a few years later that Zhang learned from Guo Jun that the reason why Xu Zhimo rushed out every morning was indeed because he had to contact his girlfriend who lived in London. At that time, the mail between London and Shaston was so fast that Xu Zhimo and his girlfriend were able to communicate with each other at least every day. Their letters were written in English, just in case Zhang happened to find them. At the time, Zhang didn't realize this was happening, only that Xu Zhimo was bringing a young woman home for dinner. She assumed that he had a friend, which he did, and wondered if Xu would reveal this fact to Zhang. Throughout the day, Zhang was threatened by Xu's girlfriend, who she expected spoke fluent English and probably shared Xu's taste for literature. At one point, Zhang thought that Xu Zhimo's girlfriend might be a foreign woman. Xu knew a lot of foreign women, and he was probably obsessed with their bold demeanor, the way they threw their heads back when they laughed, and the way they wore skirts that showed their ankles. But Zhang quickly dismissed the idea: no, that's impossible. No foreign woman would agree to marry into a family as the second wife. Zhang had to reassure herself morning and night that her position in the Xu family would never change: having borne him a son and having served his parents, she would always be the original wife. So Zhang vowed to transcend the insult that Xu Zhimo had forced her to accept with a dignified and noble demeanor, and to be firm and easygoing in her attitude toward the woman, not to show jealousy or anger. Strangely enough, Zhang couldn't remember the woman's name and simply called her Ms. Ming. The only thing Zhang really remembered was her appearance. She tried very hard to look foreign, her hair was cut short, she wore dark red lipstick and a woolen navy dress. When Xu's girlfriend arrived, Zhang looked down her stocking-clad legs and was shocked to see her feet, which were squeezed into two Chinese embroidered shoes. It turned out that this new-fangled woman had her feet wrapped! Zhang almost laughed out loud. As the four of them (including Guo Jun) sat down to dinner, Ms. Ming said that she, too, had grown up in the suburbs of Shanghai, where her father was serving. Zhang has only one thought: if Ms. Ming's family is so hip that they are willing to let her study overseas as a single person, why do they still have her feet wrapped. Xu Zhimo confused Zhang, is this the woman he has been dating since he arrived in London two years ago? Why her? He always shouted Zhang country bumpkin, now he brought back such a woman, just look at her feet, it seems more outdated than Zhang. After dinner, Xu Zhimo sent Miss Ming to the train station, Guo Jun back to rest. Zhang was distracted that night, clumsy and slow to wash dishes. When Xu Zhimo returned home, Zhang was still washing dishes in the kitchen. He looked like he couldn't sit still for a while, and turned around Zhang, who was so angry, disappointed, and disgusted with him that he could hardly speak. After Zhang washes the dishes, Xu follows her into the living room and asks her what she has to say about Ms. Ming. Although Zhang had already vowed to adopt a dignified and easygoing attitude, because there were too many thoughts swirling around in her head, she rushed to blurt out the first thought that appeared in her mind, and Zhang said, "Uh, she looks nice, although her small feet don't go well with the suit." No longer walking around the living room, Xu Zhimo spun on his heel, as if Zhang's comment had vented a torrent of his irritation and frustration suddenly screaming, "I knew it, that's why I want a divorce." It was the first time Xu Zhimo had raised his voice to Zhang, and their room suddenly seemed too small to accommodate them. So Zhang escaped through the back door, feeling the cold night air rush into Zhang's lungs. After about a week of this, one day Xu Zhimo disappeared as suddenly as he had asked for a divorce. He didn't come home for the first day, the second day, or even the third day, and Zhang thought he might have gone to London to see a friend. At this point, the physical load of pregnancy scared Chang. What was she going to do? Where did Seo go? Chang couldn't sleep in the same queen-sized bed she'd ***pillowed*** with him, nor could she walk through a room without feeling like she'd scream and lose her voice. It was at this point that Chang contemplated ending her life and the life of her child, thinking how easy it would be to just disappear from the world and end this tragedy! She could have crashed headfirst into the balcony or drowned in the pond, or she could have closed all the windows and twisted off the gas. When Xu Zhimo abandoned me like this, wasn't he just trying to get me to die? Then she remembered the first basic code of filial piety from the Teaching Sutra: "The body's hair and skin is received by the parents, and if it is not to be destroyed or harmed, the beginning of filial piety is also the beginning of filial piety." So Zhang interrupted this morbid thought, such a teaching seems to linger for a lifetime. Zhang knew that Xu Zhimo will not come back, Xu wants a divorce, see not agree, but even walked away, leaving Zhang alone in Shaston. Maternity is approaching, helpless when Zhang wrote to the second brother for help, she first went to Paris, and later gave birth to a child in Berlin. She was aware of this, but ignored it. It was only when the divorce was finalized that she found her way to Berlin. After giving birth, Zhang Youyi quickly pulled herself together and enrolled in the Pestalozzi Institute specializing in early childhood education. After returning to China, she set up the Yungsang and took charge of the Shanghai Women's Savings Bank, both of which were very successful. What is even more remarkable is that Zhang still served Xu Zhimo's parents after her return to China (recognized as a foster daughter), nurtured her and Xu Zhimo's son, and "The Complete Works of Xu Zhimo" was also published under her planning. Whenever the question "Do you love Xu Zhimo?" comes up, Zhang Youyi always says, "Do you love Xu Zhimo? Whenever the question came up, Zhang Youyi would always say, "If it's called taking care of Xu Zhimo and his family, then I probably love him. In his life, he met a few women, maybe I love him the most." (ii) Lu Xiaoman? Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman's relationship, with the "love of sensational" to describe, is not too much. Lu Xiaoman's husband Wang Geng was Harbin director, although not in, but Houmen like the sea, Xu Zhimo to use money to bribe the door (each time yuan) before it is possible to meet with Lu Xiaoman, and Lu Xiaoman to Xu Zhimo to write a love letter not only to use English, and even send a letter can only be sent out of their own time to send. After several twists and turns, Xu and Lu's love affair intensified, making the city rain, Wang Geng even pulled out a gun to threaten Lu Xiaoman, but all of this can not curb the enthusiasm of the two. For Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman's love, Yu Dafu's view is quite pertinent: "their a strong love, if in the progressive society, there is understanding of society, is not a thousand years of beautiful story? Faithful and soft and Xiaoman, passionate and sincere as Zhimo, meet together, naturally to issue sparks, burned into a piece, where there is still concern for the rules and ethics? How could they still care about the patriarchal customs of the family?" October 3, 2007, Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman wedding, Liang Qichao for the witness, Hu Shi for the introducer. Their wedding, can really be regarded as a "unique", Liang Qichao as Xu Zhimo's teacher, in the wedding ceremony, quoting the classics to a lecture, reprimanded the newlyweds: "You are divorced, re-married, are not dedicated to the love of the future to be painfully self-repentant, to be a new man". You must repent and start a new life." Finally, he also said, "I wish you guys would get married for the last time!" But Xu Zhimo such painstaking to pursue, to test the dream of the sacred realm of love, although there is "reckless, with intense combustion" and "regardless of the sky high and thick, people die, I die, is not to the whole universe are burned into the red," the enthusiasm, and finally The passion of the people is not to burn the whole universe to the ground", but finally ended in failure, thinking about it is very sad.The fate of Xu Zhimo related to the woman, Lu Xiaoman is let people red, in the unmarried before has been the social world's leading celebrities, known as "South Tang (Tang Ying) North Lu (Lu Xiaoman)," the reputation of the people who have seen the Lu Xiaoman all by its style. At that time, it was really chasing after countless, how could I expect a married with Xu Zhimo, those who usually pity her all the people turned against each other, as the so-called "the mouth of the people, cumulative destruction of the bone. In this fearful society, a mouthful of spittle can drown a person. I am afraid this is also personality mellow Lu Xiaoman never expected. What is the reason for this? When is the love of hate? From the admiration of the pursuit to not get after the jealousy of all kinds of similar subtle psychological changes it. The man's heart is really not big to go, a lot of surface phenomena from the conventional logic can not find the reason, often from the deep psychological but can get the answer. In the married life, Lu Xiaoman is difficult not to let people out of balance. Lu Xiaoman married two husbands in her life, both of whom were extremely outstanding men with family backgrounds, education, status and appearance. Whether it was her ex-husband Wang Geng or later Xu Zhimo, she was mesmerized by them. So the glory of the hall all let Lu Xiaoman one person to take up. A big tree attracts the wind, a person is too flashy, how not to let people jealous? Just, no matter men or women, once the psychological imbalance, will be very willing to do those who fall into the well, kicked on the thing, which is Lu Xiaoman's biggest failure, because she is too naive and stupid, too much lack of sophistication and calculating, so she does not understand the dark side of the world's power. Too blunt, she does not understand the reasoning behind the hiding of the front and the back.
In terms of personal style, Lu Xiaoman has more capital to make people hate her, she is smart and talented, not only can poetry and painting, but also good at Jingkun, French and English. After looking at a few of Lu Xiaoman's landscapes, I realized that Lu Xiaoman was a woman rich in artistic talent. Women who can paint good landscapes are rare, and those who can make landscapes without craftsmanship are even rarer among people. But no wonder, is not talented and how to win the fascination of so many men? Lu Xiaoman's tragedy is of course related to her character, Lu Xiaoman is emotional, she has the typical rate of the artist's characteristics, but the rationality of the lack of (and she lacks this point is Lin Huiyin has). Her generous, straightforward, "more than talent, not enough perseverance", capricious, dare to love, dare to hate, dare to deviate from all kinds of leniency and forward character in the society at that time, but it has become a hidden scourge. Especially on the body of the rich girl's weakness is the main reason for her tragedy, and the social environment is the root cause of her tragic end, change now this more enlightened society, people should not be so much as her personal problems, but too much flamboyant behavior in any era in China will be the same end. On the married Lu Xiaoman, people more talk about her shuttle social spending like water, is simply Xu Zhimo's "nemesis", although this is also true. Probably because of this, as a talented woman Lu Xiaoman, the rumor is very little. What exactly is her talent? To say that Lu Xiaoman's "talent", regardless of eloquence, can be counted as "poetry, literature, painting, art" four aspects. In the old days, no poem was without talent, first of all, poetry. See her "Crying Zhimo": "A thousand parting hates to whom to say, a body of sadness and illness, a small parting soul, the world should not be long, the last article compiled to fit the heart of the king." Almost let people write off the blame for Xu Zhimo's death on her, the most people to keep a record of praise. Poetry naturally good at writing, Lu Xiaoman can let Xu Zhimo fell under the skirt, I'm afraid that in addition to poetry is the writing is clear prose vivid, but also wrote a novel, this so-called "literary talent". Her level of foreign language is also good, know English and French literature, even after the victory in the war translated the English "Tagore's novels". Lu Xiaoman's talent, the least known to be considered "painting". Shortly after the liberation, Chen Yi, who had seen Lu's paintings in a Chinese painting gallery in Shanghai, was surprised and asked, "Is this a good painting? Is her husband Xu Zhimo? Xu Zhimo is an old friend of mine." She was thus given a new lease on life, and her earliest public service was to join the Shanghai National Painting Institute and the Artists' Association in the 1950s. In fact, Lu Xiaoman had been a poet and a painter since her childhood, and after studying oil painting and then switching to Chinese painting, she had already made a name for herself in the women's painting world in the 1930s. China's first women's art group "China Women's Painting and Calligraphy Association", when it was conceived in Shanghai, she was one of the original initiators. At the end of the rest of her life, Lu Xiaoman actually did a very valuable and meaningful event, is to organize and edit the "Zhimo Complete Works" devoted, full of her talent and blood of the eight volumes of the clear sample of the paper type is still preserved in the library. A good sentence "crying Zhimo" "the remains of the compilation of the heart of the king", so that the talented girl **** on the nine heavens. (C) Lin Huiyin? In modern literary history, the three words "Lin Huiyin" seem to exist because of the three words "Xu Zhimo", and loud. Xu Zhimo's father, Xu Shenru, was a rich man in the town of Kishan, Zhejiang Province, who ran a bank and was a famous banker. According to his father's wishes, Xu Zhimo should pass on his father's work to his son, so when he went to the West to study, he studied in the economics department. However, he soon felt that economics had nothing to do with him. He often socialized with literary figures and gradually neglected economics, and soon dropped out of school to travel in Europe and the United States. In London, I heard that the famous calligrapher and poet Lin Changmin came, that is, door to door to ask for advice, and unexpectedly met Lin Huiyin, immediately fell in love, and for the later generations of literary history researchers to provide more of a research topic. When he met Lin Huiyin, Xu Zhimo was already the father of a two-year-old child, twenty-four years old, he was eight years older than Lin Huiyin, is the older brother generation of characters. At the time, his wife, Zhang Youyi, had come to London with their children. After Xu Zhimo launched a number of fierce offensive, Lin Huiyin seems to be a solid line of defense finally almost broke the dike, she said to him: I am not a casual feelings of women, you must choose between me and Zhang Youyi. The romantic Xu Zhimo went home and told Zhang Youyi that he was ready for a divorce. Although Zhang Youyi felt too sudden, but still rational to deal with this matter, and then took the child to study in Germany. (When Xu Shenru heard that his son was treating his wife in this way, he was furious and announced that he would sever the relationship between father and son, stop supplying food, and put Zhang Youyi in charge of his banking business and property.) After that, the eldest son of the Xu family was left to fend for himself, and Xu Zhimo became the third party, as Lin Huiyin was already betrothed to Liang Sicheng. However, Lin and Xu's good times did not last long, because soon after the end of Lin Changmin's time traveling to Europe, she had to return home with her father, and when Xu Zhimo rushed back to his country, Lin Huiyin was already engaged to Liang Sicheng. Xu Zhimo was a student of Liang Qichao, and in front of his teacher, what else could he do but restrain himself? But before he met Lu Xiaoman, Xu had always missed Lin, and was always a frequent guest in Liang and Lin's home. After Liang and Lin went to the United States to study often have conflicts, intense times, Lin wrote to the domestic Xu Zhimo, because of this, Xu Zhimo Lin has been fantasized. Soon, Xu met a married woman, Lu Xiaoman, at a ball, and Xu once again interfered and married Lu. Xu after marriage is not happy, even very unhappy, and often confide in friends, the object is mainly Hu Shi, Lin Huiyin and Ling Shuhua, etc., until the year was killed in a plane crash body forgotten. After Xu was killed in a plane crash, Lin found the wreckage of the plane, has been placed in the bedroom, to express the thoughts of Xu. Lin in the year and the year respectively wrote two articles in memory of Xu, can be described as true feelings. It should be said that Xu Zhimo's influence on Lin Huiyin is huge, if there is no Xu Zhimo, Lin Huiyin is not engaged in literary creation. Xu wrote a lot of poems to Lin, the most famous is "by chance", its original text is as follows: "I am a cloud in the sky, occasionally projected in your center of the wave, you do not have to be surprised, not to mention joy, in a split second to eliminate the trace. You and I meet on the sea of darkness, you have your, I have my, direction; you remember or better yet, forget, the light that shines from each other at this rendezvous!" Lin Huiyin began writing new poems in the early 1930s, influenced in large part by Xu Zhimo. Her poem "Still", written in 2007, can be regarded as a response to Xu Zhimo's "Chance", and a frank statement of her own thoughts: "You stretch like a lake toward the clear sky, white clouds, and like a cold stream, clarified, and allowed me to follow the forest bank to investigate your source: I still hold a hundred suspicions about every one of your reflections! You unfold like a flower of a thousand petals! Fresh is your every petal, and more fragrant, that warm and inviting flower-air, with evening coolness: I say, flower, this is the very trickery of spring, to steal people's infatuation! And you learn leafy book chapters blowing with the wind to display, revealing your every deep thought; every corner of the heart, your eyes look, I keep on talking: but I remain unanswered, a piece of silence, forever guarding my soul." Of course, Lin wouldn't have written poetry without Xu's influence; she had a wide range of interests and left behind heirlooms in literature and architecture.