The folk literature of the Gelao people consists of poems, stories, proverbs, etc. The poems are mostly ditties that can be easily sung and are categorized into three, five, and seven words.
Gelao musical instruments include erhu, xiaojiao, suona, gongs and drums. The "Eight Immortals" music played by the Gelao is rich in national characteristics, which is played by eight people with a pair of erhu, a pair of horizontal xiao and other musical instruments, and the tone is very harmonious and melodious. The suona is an indispensable instrument for Gelao celebrations, and the suona is used to play more than ten tunes such as "Old Gray Tune", "Crossing the Mountain Tune", "Crossing the River Tune", "Crossing the Street Tune" and "Welcoming the Marriage Tune", and with the gongs and drums, the atmosphere is even more enthusiastic.
Gelao living in the mountains, also known for its many skilled stonemasons. They are in the stone tombs, monuments, pagodas, bridges, railings and other supplies and buildings on the stone carvings unique, quarry often come from their rough and bold, the mountain should be heard in the valley of the stone workers horn.
Respect for bamboo
The Gelao people call bamboo "Gelao", and "Gelao" is accurately translated as bamboo. It is not strange to use bamboo as a person's name, but to use bamboo as the name of an ethnic group certainly gives a fresh feeling to people who hear this translation for the first time, even if it is a very old ethnic group, it is also a novelty, just like seeing spring bamboo shoots coming out of the ground in winter, which is very exciting. The Chinese have given bamboo many virtues, such as hardiness, integrity, modesty, toughness, and a wide range of uses, so the use of bamboo as a name for the ethnic group is actually very elegant and meaningful. About the custom of Gelao people to respect bamboo, as early as 1600 years ago, the book "Huayang Guozhi" and more than 1500 years ago, "South China Zhi" were written. South China Zhi" written more than 1600 years ago and "Hou Han Shu" written more than 1500 years ago, both recorded in the "Legend of the Southwestern Barbarians". Southwest barbarians biography" are recorded in the following legend: the night, earlier a woman in the recluse water (now the Beipan River in western Guizhou) washing, there is a section of three sections of a large bamboo tube drifted to the woman's feet between the two, pushed it refused to drift away. She heard the sound of a child crying in the tube. Split open the bamboo tube, see a baby boy, carry back to raise, talented and martial arts, self-made Yelang Hou, to bamboo as the surname. In the place where the broken bamboo tube was discarded, a lush bamboo forest grew, and the descendants built the Bamboo King Shrine to worship it. The legend of the Bamboo King and the custom of honoring the bamboo still remain widely in the Gelao folklore. The Gelao of Meijiazhai in Daochen Gelao-Miao Autonomous County, when they give birth to their first boy, the parents bury his placenta and some egg shells into the ground of the bamboo forest to pray for the blessing of the Bamboo King. In the Spring Festival, families go to the bamboo forest to offer money to the bamboo king. There are quite a few places where rice in bamboo tubes is offered to ancestors or for a good harvest. Some scholars believe that the veneration of bamboo originates from the bamboo totem worship, and this worship originates from the bamboo on the Gelao ancestors of the life has an important meaning and practical value.
Feeding the tree on the New Year's Day
The Gelao people have two New Year's Days in a year, one is the Spring Festival, the other is the Gelao Year, which is celebrated on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. The time and customs of the Spring Festival are more or less the same as those of the Han Chinese, but there is a special content of "feeding the trees". The custom of "feeding the tree", also known as "sacrificing the tree" or "worshipping the tree", originated from the Gelao people's belief in the worship of ancient trees (big trees), which have spirits in everything. The Gelao people of Longlin Autonomous County in Guangxi, at noon on the 14th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, each family prepares offerings such as rice wine, pork, fresh fish, glutinous rice, etc., and brings red paper firecrackers, and goes up to the mountain to worship the tree with friends and relatives. After seeing the tree first firecrackers, and then choose the tall and sturdy tree burning paper and incense kneeling. Worship to the tree after "feeding" offerings: a person holding a knife in the bark of the tree cut 3 mouths, another "feed" some meat and rice wine in the mouth of the knife, and finally sealed with red paper to the knife mouth, to the tree weeding cultivated soil. "Feed" rice for different trees, to answer different words. Such as fruit trees, to say: "feed you rice, knot string; feed you meat, knot lump", said wishing fruitful. After "feeding" the tree, people gather to feast. In some areas, on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, we also hold a cow's heart and new rice to worship the sacred tree next to the village, "Bodhisattva tree", and pray for a good year.
Every year on the second day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, the Gelao "insect eating festival". On this day, there are several dishes of other flavors on the dinner table - fried locusts, pickled grasshoppers, sweet fried butterfly chrysalis, burnt fried aphid loach and so on.
There are also some areas of the "sacrifice tree" called "sacrifice mountain", because the Gelao people have been living in the mountainous areas, love the mountain, respect the mountain is completely understandable. The specific object of "offering to the mountain" is also a tall and luxuriant old tree near the village, which is a manifestation of its tenacious vitality. The festival is organized on a village basis, and only adult men are allowed to participate. In addition to offering sacrifices, the shaman should sing the "sacrifice of the mountain song" to seek the blessing of the God of the mountain village peace, grain harvest, livestock and prosperity.
[Edit] National Wedding
Gelao girls get married three or five days before the start of the "crying marriage". The groom does not welcome the bridegroom, but sends a sedan chair to the woman's home before dark on the day before the wedding. Before entering the door, the woman has someone to preside over the "door ceremony", to perform a toast, laying felt, waiting and other rituals, each program has a traditional answer to the words, must be sung in line with the rules, or to be laughed at. When the girl was married first sedan chair into the house, by the bride's brother or uncle will be the bride "pulled out" of the house, to the parents kowtow to the ancestors, and then "strong embrace" into the sedan chair, said the family of the mother's reluctance to give up. The bride's family to carry the sedan chair outside the village, before handing over to the male bearer. Sedan chair in front of two people holding a sword to open the way, sedan chair surrounded by colorful flags and blue umbrellas, on the way to sound the trumpet and firecrackers, blowing and beating, very lively. To the groom's home to pay homage, the bride to re-dressing, and then to the walled village in a spacious place for everyone to appreciate, laugh, in order to establish a friendly relationship with the townspeople.
In Gelao in northwest Guizhou, the wedding is more interesting. The groom rides a horse to meet the bride, accompanied by four groomsmen, two of whom carry bamboo brooms and the other two carry gifts of wine and meat. On the way there are a few strong men sent by the female side of the road "robbery", the "robbery" of the meat and wine on the hillside to eat, that the female family rich, do not care about you this gift. Groom to the female side of the cottage door, there is a group of people holding wood chips around the "fight" groom, the male side of the bamboo broom to fully protect the breakout. Groom ran into the door of the woman's home, immediately have "toasting wine" reception, and the groom and the bride also toast to each other. After the toast, the bridegroom will bride "hold" on horseback, the groom led the way back with the reins.
2. Write an essay on Miao customs①
Miao Folkways and Customs The Miao have their own traditional festivals, such as the Miao New Year, the La Drum Festival, the Lusheng Festival, etc., but one of the most grand and rich in content is the Miao New Year. The time for celebrating the Miao New Year is not the same everywhere. In Rongshui, Sanjiang and Longsheng, the Hmong New Year is usually celebrated in the eleventh month of the lunar calendar. In addition to ancestor worship and banquets, all kinds of activities are held. When the New Year comes, the whole family observes the New Year's Eve. Eat "over the ground meal" (which is the Miao people and ancestors in the netherworld *** into the reunion meal), worship the New Year, people will carry out a variety of activities. Sacrifice Longtan, sacrifices to the god of the field, blowing the sheng dance, lively and extraordinary, is the most grand scene of the Miao New Year. Praying to the gods for a good harvest is a major theme of the Hmong New Year activities. Miao New Year, food is also a variety of rice, glutinous rice, meat (sour meat), fish (sour fish), etc., there is a special food called "chili bone", which is fragrant and spicy, can enhance appetite, drive away the wind and cold, prevention and treatment of colds, is a common food in the Miao family, but also a good gift for guests.
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②
I don't know how much you know about the Miao people, I don't know a lot about ethnic minorities, but I recently learned about Miao customs in a book, in which I think the Miao Huashan Festival is very interesting.
The second to seventh day of the first month of the lunar calendar is the annual festival of the Miao people in Pingbian, Mengzi and Hekou in Yunnan. Every time, from all villages and cottages of the Miao people, tide like from all directions several Miao village cottage on the open slope between. The "flower pole" is an important symbol of the flower mountain festival, generally choose straight and tall pines or cypresses, tied with flowers, colorful flags. The person who sets the flower village (also known as the head of the flower pole) is recognized as a "good-hearted person". This person must be in the first morning of the festival, before the sun came out of the flower pole erected.
"Stomping on the flower mountain" on this day, first by the "flower pole head" to participate in the former "stamping on the flower mountain" people toast, blessing, and then announced "stamping on the flower mountain" festival began. Then, it was announced that the "Stomping on Flower Hill" festival would begin. At this time, inside and outside the Flower Hill field, the gongs and drums sound, the sound of firecrackers and the sound of brass guns rise and fall, flowers and flags wave in the wind, and all kinds of celebratory activities start successively. Some young men and women sang mountain songs, some danced the three-step dance, the foot-stomping dance, some danced the lion dance, and some bullfighting, and the whole Huashan field was full of joy and excitement.
The Miao people in northeast Yunnan and south Yunnan, every year on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, "stamping on Huashan Festival". Legend has it that in ancient times, the Hmong people were defeated in wars and displaced, and remembered the suffering of their ancestors who fled the country and were scattered all over the world, and they were saddened by their grief and wept. On the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar year, the ancestors showed their spirits and advised them not to be too sad, but to go to the top of the high mountains to play the reed-sheng, sing and dance for us to see. A flower fell from the sky and hung on a tree. Everyone sang and danced around the tree and played the reed-song, and the crops grew exceptionally well that year. Since then, every year on June 6, the Miao family will put on holiday dress, to the mountains to plant a flower tree, held a dance of lusheng, bullfighting, lion dance, climbing the flower pole and other activities. Among them, the striking one is climbing the flower pole. Whoever climbs high, a pig's head and good wine will be awarded to him. This is the Flower Hill Festival of the Miao people, isn't it very lively?
3. Miao customs and habits essayThe Miao people mainly live in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Guangxi Damiao Mountain, Hainan Island and Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces and districts in the border zone. In ancient Chinese texts, there have long been records about the ancestors of the Miao people more than 5,000 years ago, which are the clans and tribes from the Yellow River basin to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River known as the "Southern Barbarians". The Hmong have migrated many times in history, and the general route is from the Yellow River basin to Xiang (Hunan), to Qian (Guizhou), to Dian (Yunnan).
The Miao have their own language, which belongs to the Miao branch of the Miao-Yao language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Originally, there was no national script, but in the late 1950s, they created the Latinized Pinyin script. Nowadays, most of the people use Chinese as a common language.
The Miao people used to believe in the spirit of all things, worship nature, and sacrifice to their ancestors. The "Drum Festival" is the largest festival of the Miao folk. Generally seven years a small sacrifice, thirteen years a big sacrifice. In the lunar calendar from October to November of the B Ohio Day, when to kill a bullock cattle, jumping Lusheng dance, sacrifices to see the ancestors. Food time to invite friends and relatives *** get together, in order to enhance the relationship, family harmony. Miao music and dance has a long history, the crowd favorite Lusheng dance, high skill. The Miao people's picking flowers, embroidery, brocade, batik, jewelry making and other arts and crafts, magnificent and colorful, internationally renowned. There are many Miao festivals, the more grand festivals have been "Miao New Year", "April 8", "Dragon Boat" festival.
The Miao people in most areas eat three meals a day, with rice as the main food. Deep-fried food is most common in the form of deep-fried poha. If you add some fresh meat and pickled vegetables as filling, the flavor is more delicious.
Meat from livestock, poultry rearing, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places of the Miao people like to eat dog meat, there are "Miao dog, Yi wine" said. Miao cooking oil in addition to animal oil, tea oil and vegetable oil.
The Miao people pay great attention to etiquette. Guests to visit, must kill chickens and ducks hospitality, if it is a long way to the guests, the Miao people used to invite guests to drink horn wine. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be honored to the guests in the elders, chicken legs should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of sharing the heart of the chicken, that is, the oldest master of the family uses chopsticks to flick the heart of the chicken or duck to the guest, but the guest can not eat it himself, and must share the heart of the chicken equally with the old people in the audience. If the guests have a small capacity for alcohol and do not like to eat fat meat, they can explain the situation and the host will not force them to do so, but if they do not eat and drink enough, they will be regarded as looking down on the host. The Miao people pay attention to the true feelings, very enthusiastic, the most taboo pomposity and hypocrisy. The hosts do not take the first step to meet the guests and do not walk in front of them; they use honorific terms to address the guests in conversation; they should wear festive costumes to welcome the guests; they should set up wine outside the cottage to welcome the guests; when the guests arrive at the door of the house, the male host should call out the door to inform the mistress at home, and the mistress should open the door to welcome the guests with songs; in front of the guests, the hostess does not ascend to the top of the stairs. Miao taboos
birth taboo: maternal fertility, taboo outsiders into the room. Accidentally enter the wrong person, go out to wash their feet, and drink a bowl of cold water, in order to prevent the maternal milk "step dry". Maternity avoid eating old female yellow beef, female pork, rooster meat, small fish, vegetables, chili peppers and so on. Some Miao areas, taboo pregnant women and pregnant women meeting, also taboo to go to other women's homes, or that will prolong the labor period.
Agricultural taboos: Miao people return to the field for the first time each year to send manure taboo to see outsiders, if encountered, taboo greetings. Planting rice seedlings if you see the rice field with fish taboo fish, otherwise the fish will eat the root of the rice seedlings. Some villages, when harvesting millet to leave a small spike is not collected, if the child asked, avoid saying "do not want", to say "they have not grown", otherwise the millet because of sadness in the future and refused to grow again. In the field, avoid mentioning the rats, for fear that they will hear to come to spoil the crops, only to "their father and son" to call it. Jealous of the E day, the first month after the spring, where the E day taboo soil picking.
Funeral taboos: some Miao areas, taboo male died in the daytime, women died at night, that the time is not right, the deceased must then be a different sex dead companion. Therefore, the death of discomfort, the mourning family often ask the sorcerer to read the incantation "change", while doing a palm-sized wooden coffin with the burial, show that there has been a companion. Jealousy coffin put iron, copper and other non-silver metal and cotton and coated with tung oil things, such as the deceased on the way back to the East can not buy water to drink, iron, copper will also be tossed to death only. In some Hmong areas, the day of the death of the village, can be on the labor, but avoid going down to the field. Is the day, the same village people avoid picking firewood home, otherwise picking firewood will have a disaster. During the bier, family members avoid eating vegetables. Buried within 1 month, nothing at home shall not be sold or borrowed.
Life customs taboo: some Miao areas, taboo at any time to scrub drinking cauldrons, rice bags, rice pots, can only be washed when eating new rice, to show that the old rice to meet the new rice. At any time to wash brush will wash away the family wealth, rice is not enough to eat. Drinking raw water in the mountains is not to be drunk directly, must first hit the grass mark to show that kills the sick ghosts. Do not move the clothes of others put on the roadside, so as not to infect leprosy. Avoid children playing with small bows and arrows at home for fear of hitting their ancestors. It is forbidden to cross a child's head, otherwise the child will not grow tall. It is forbidden for women to sit on the same bench with their elders.
Guests should not call the host "Miao", they like to call themselves "Meng"; prohibit the killing of dogs, dogs, do not eat dog meat; can not sit in the place of the ancestors of the Miao God, the tripod on the kang can not be stepped on; not allowed to whistle at home or at night; can not be photographed to eat the ashes of the fire roasted patty cake rake; not allowed to use the band to tie the Miao people; meet the door to hang straw hats, tree branches, or the wedding and funeral festivities, do not go into the house; meet the newlyweds, do not pass through the middle. The first thing you need to do is to go through the middle of the road and not to go into the house.
In the process of marriage between young men and women is also essential food is glutinous rice. Miao people in Chengbu, Hunan Province, painted with mandarin ducks of glutinous rice as a token to give each other; held a wedding, the bride and groom to drink a cup of wine, the bridegroom also invited the bride and groom to eat painted with the dragon and phoenix and bong doll pattern of glutinous rice.
4. Essay on FolkloreTai Ping Drum
Blue sky, white clouds, yellow earth love, the plateau man beat Tai Ping, thunderbolt thunder rang ten thousand miles, the foot of the clouds of the five continents.
The poem makes people seem to hear the sound of Lanzhou Taiping drums, see the drummer's cheerful posture, feel the momentum of the mountains down to the sea. Lanzhou Taiping Drum has distinctive regional characteristics and a long history. According to the legend, when Zhu Yuanzhang, the Emperor of Ming Dynasty, unified the world and became the emperor, only the general of the Yuan Dynasty, Dangguo Tiemuer, resisted in Lanzhou. Zhu Yuanzhang was very angry, in Hongwu eleven years to send general Xu Da crusade to expand the Gou Tiemuer. However, Lanzhou city is very dangerous and firm, and could not be attacked for a long time. A strategist suggested: "Now it is the Spring Festival, the Northwest people love to play social fire, why not make a part of the soldiers dressed as people, part of them dressed as playing social fire, mixed into the city, inside and outside, you can take Lanzhou city." Xu Da acted according to the plan, changed the end drum into a long drum, hiding the sword inside the drum. At the Lantern Festival, he pretended to be a soldier carrying a long drum diagonally, walking and playing, and mixed into the city. The next morning, Xu Da order to attack the city, a drums and horns, kill the sound of the sky, Timur just on the city floor, fiercely heard a gunshot, the city gate is wide open, the city fell. Zhu Yuanzhang unification of China, that the end of the drum to make a merit, the world peace, so named "Taiping drum". In recent years, Lanzhou Taiping Drum has been invited to participate in the Asian Games, to meet the return of Hong Kong, to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the country and other large-scale celebrations, got the "world's first drum" praise.
Peach Blossom Festival
Peach Blossom Festival is held in April every year when the peach blossoms bloom in the peach garden in Anning District. This activity since 1984, the people of Lanzhou City *** held the first peach blossom will be held every year. In addition to enjoying the flowers, tourists can also visit the rich and colorful cultural activities, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, economic and trade negotiations.
An Ning District peach garden east of Liu Jiabao, west to Shajing stage, stretching 15 kilometers, an area of more than 8,000 acres, there are 184 varieties of peach trees more than 300,000 plants, including late peach, purple peach, Beijing red peach, early fragrant Yu peach, white powder peach, semi-dry peach, away from the peach honey, the June peach and other varieties of the most famous. Peach trees are native to northwest China, with a history of more than 3,000 years. (Xijing Miscellany): "Han Emperor Wu Di early repair of the Forest Garden, the ministers offer fresh fruit, there are fine walnut peach, purple grain peach, Jincheng peach";. Jincheng Peach is the late peach produced by Anning Peach Garden, indicating that Lanzhou has been producing fresh peaches for at least two thousand years. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the scorched peaches of Lanzhou were listed as tribute. Lanzhou fresh peach fruit colorful, meat fine ***, sweet and juicy, taste more mellow, rich in fat, protein, fruit acids and a variety of minerals and vitamins, for the peach in the top grade, long time eating can prolong life.
Lanzhou's Anning Peach Garden as early as the Qing Dynasty has been viewed flowers into the meeting. At that time, the people who watched the flowers were mostly talented people and dignitaries. In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Lanzhou Lupo Jiang Defu had a poem praising: "I remember Lanzhou is good, when the spring fruit is enough to boast. The lights are flourishing in three cities, and the colors are scattered in a city of flowers. The blue tree urges the song board, and the fragrant dust drives the brocade car. Green grass road, everywhere wine curtain slanting". To the Ming Dynasty, with the increase of households in this area and the improvement of transportation, Anning peach blossom for all to see. Li Shaoling poem: "before and after the mountain flowers like clusters, the garden outside the garden people like jade, families busy watching the flowers, the face of the flowers to see the lack of". Whenever the flowering season, peach blossom colorful like brocade, just like the sky red haze scattered on earth, the scenery is breathtaking.
Spring Festival social fire
During the Spring Festival, Lanzhou street social fire performance is unique. Generally from around the tenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, organized by the districts and counties of the farmers' social fire team gathered in the city center, in order to line up in different shapes of formation, along the main street line dance, beating gongs and drums, lively and spectacular. When traveling to Dongfanghong Square, more around the figure, for visitors and the public performance. Social fire performances can last until around the Lantern Festival.
Lanzhou social fire team performance content is rich and colorful, the most striking is the stilt team, they wear costumes, holding a sword and gun, dressed as theater characters, feet on four-foot-high wooden stilts, accompanied by gongs and drums dance while walking. Iron core is also original, to win by trickery. They dress up children with beautiful eyes and light physique as theater characters to form a folded opera. The children tied to the iron core of the high place of the children with the vehicle carrying the slow march. The most spectacular is the Taihei Drum Corps. The drummers beat the drums rhythmically to the command of the president's flag, and the sound of the drums is exhilarating. The lion dance is mainly to see the warrior with embroidered balls to tease the lion a few clean fists and feet kung fu. Lanzhou Spring Festival fireworks are also running dry boat, unicycle, bamboo horse. Big head Luohan play Liu Cui and other programs. The team often "wind bitch" to open the way, which is with the "rain division" corresponding to the "wind aunt" image, in the myth is the Division of wind and rain God, its shape is similar to the color Dan, ugly, earlobes hanging red pepper, one hand shaking the fan, a hand with a written The shape of the god is similar to the colorful Dan, with red chili peppers hanging from his earlobes, a fan in one hand, and a diamond-shaped plaster flag with the words "wind and rain" in the other, which is twisted around with exaggerated, comical and drastic movements. Hilarious, showing people praying for a good wind and rain, the mood and desire of the five grains and stable.
Combine them
5. Write an essay on Miao customs① Miao folk customs The Miao have their own national traditional festivals, such as the Miao New Year, La Drum Festival, Lusheng Festival, etc., but one of the most grand and rich in content is the Miao New Year.
The time of the Miao New Year is not the same everywhere. Rongshui, Sanjiang, Longsheng area of the Hmong New Year is generally in the eleventh month of the lunar calendar on the day of the Ohi.
The Hmong New Year is a grand and warm event, in which various activities are held in addition to ancestor worship and banquets. When the New Year comes, the whole family observes the New Year's Eve.
Eat "over the ground meal" (which is a reunion meal between the Miao people and their ancestors in the netherworld *** into), worship the New Year, people will carry out a variety of activities. Sacrifice Longtan, sacrificing the god of the field, blowing the sheng accompanied by dancing, lively and extraordinary, is the most grand scene of the Miao New Year.
Praying to God for a good harvest is a big theme of the Miao New Year activities. Miao New Year, food is also a variety of rice, glutinous rice, meat (sour meat), fish (sour fish), etc., there is a special food called "chili bone", which is fragrant and spicy, can enhance appetite, drive away the wind and cold, prevention and treatment of colds, is a common food in the Miao family, but also a good gift for guests.
--------- ---------- --- ② I don't know how much you know about the Miao, I don't know much about ethnic minorities, but recently I learned about the customs of the Miao in a book, in which I think the Miao Huashan Festival is very interesting. The second to the seventh day of the first month of the lunar calendar, is the Yunnan Pingbian, Mengzi, Hekou and other places of the Miao people's annual "pedal flower mountain" festival.
Every time this time, from all villages and cottages of the Miao people, tidal wave from all directions several Miao village cottage between the open slopes.
The person who sets the flower village (also known as the head of the flower pole) is recognized as a "good-hearted person". This person must put up the flower pole on the first morning of the festival, before the sun rises.
"Stomping on the flower mountain" on this day, first by the "flower pole head" to participate in the former "stamping on the flower mountain" people toast, blessing, and then announced "stamping on the flower mountain" festival began. Then, it was announced that the "Stomping on Flower Hill" festival would begin. At this time, inside and outside the flower mountain field, gongs and drums, firecrackers, copper gunfire one after another, flowers, punk flags fluttering in the wind, a variety of celebratory activities have begun to carry out.
Some young men and women sing songs to each other, some dance three-step dance, stomping dance, some jumping lion dance, there are bullfighting, the whole Huashan field is a happy. Northeastern Yunnan and Yunnan Miao, the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar every year, "step on the flower mountain festival".
Legend has it that in ancient times, the Hmong were defeated and displaced, and remembered the suffering of their ancestors who fled from the east to the west, and were saddened by their tears. On the sixth day of the sixth month of the year, the ancestors showed their spirit and advised them not to be too sad, and they should go to the top of the mountain to play the reed-sheng, sing and dance for us.
After that, a flower fell from the sky and hung on a tree. The crops grew very well that year.
Since then, every year on June 6, the Miao family has to put on the festival dress, to the mountains to plant a flower tree, held jumping lusheng dance, bullfighting, jumping lion dance, climb the flower pole and other activities. Among them, the striking is climbing the flower pole, who climbed high, a pig's head and good wine award to who.
This is the Hmong Huashan Festival, isn't it very lively?
6. essay on folk customs and traditions, urgentFuzhou Chating Shifan.
"Ten times" the name of the origin of the argument is different, it is believed that according to the Qing Dynasty Li Dou "Yangzhou painting boat record" volume 11 records, this music because of the use of the flute, pipe, Xiao, violin, gong, gongs, gongs, wooden fish, sandalwood boards, drums, the ten kinds of musical instruments to take turns to repeat the performance and called "ten times". It is called "Ten Fans". It is believed that the Fuzhou dialect "Fan" and "Huan" homophonic, "Fan" evolved from "Huan".
Fuzhou Shifan music is a famous form of folk instrumental performance, which is evolved from the local folk dragon dance, the original is just a dragon dance lights accompanied by percussion, the instrument is only a wolf tent, drums, gongs, cymbals, etc., and then gradually joined the flute, pipe, sheng, coconut and bamboo instruments. Shifan tunes can be divided into four categories: 1, song, popular in the local folk music; 2, ditty, for the gradual instrumentation of the folk ditty; 3, wow card, the local popular suona song 4, percussion, only with percussion instruments to play the "qinggongu".
The form of performance is divided into indoor and outdoor two kinds of outdoor performance while walking and singing, indoor performance orchestra for the front and back of the hall, the front of the hall to the main Jin Ge, the back of the hall to the main silk and bamboo. Min Opera is commonly known as Fuzhou Opera, popular in Fuzhou dialect area and Ningde, Jianyang, Sanming and other places.
Fujian Opera is a comprehensive multi-voiced opera with three different artistic styles, namely, Rulin Opera in the late Ming Dynasty and Jianghu Opera and Pingtai Opera since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, which were infiltrated and integrated with each other and absorbed Hui Opera and Kunqu Opera, and formed a comprehensive multi-voiced opera with Rulin Opera as the main voice of the singing opera. The performance of Min Opera is strong and rough, such as the stage often have three catching three chasing, flat mouth holding face, shaking hands and trembling legs, playing with hair and shaking the beard and other performance programs.
But there are also some students and dancers whose movements are more detailed and elegant. Festivals In addition to the traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, there are many other unique festivals in Fuzhou.
On the twenty-ninth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, Fuzhou celebrates the "Arguing Nine Festival" (also known as the "Back Nine Festival", "Filial Piety Nine Festival", "Send Poor Festival"). ".)
This is the first day of the festival.
Early in the morning on this day, every household uses glutinous rice and brown sugar, plus peanuts, jujubes, cinnamon, red beans, walnuts, sesame seeds and other rice cooked into "Aojiu congee", used to worship ancestors and gifts to the townspeople. Married daughters to send a bowl of "au jiu congee" back to her mother's home to honor her parents, Fuzhou proverb "nine will be poor", that the age of the "nine" or "nine" multiples to be paid. Nine" multiples to pay poor luck, must try to send poor.
Shouxian funerals in Fujian attach importance to longevity to elders. The tradition in Fuzhou is to celebrate nine men and ten women.
For example, a man's 60th birthday must be mentioned the year of 59 years old to do, because "nine" and "long" resonance, symbolizing longevity. In addition, the day before the birthday, you must first do "set life".
That is, the day before the birthday, the juniors sent birthday candles in front of the ancestors all lit, three bowls of birthday noodles were inserted into three paper flowers, the clan juniors kowtow to the birthday person, and then sit down to drink and enjoy the music. If you have the money, you can ask the Confucian Taoist Church to set up a chanting hall, for the birthday person to the Big Dipper to seek blessings, said "worship bucket".
Fuzhou funeral customs are very cumbersome and extravagant. When the deceased, loved ones must remove the mosquito netting on their beds is said to be in order to let the soul after death good out of body; the deceased gas, must be for the deceased to change clothes, and in the gate "stick white" firecrackers.
Then send people around to report the funeral, and then prepare a big foot bucket filled with soil and sand, will be lit after the vegetarian candle inserted in the bucket, will be placed on the ground in front of the deceased's bed, as if for the deceased to go to the Yellow Springs road lighting. The face of the deceased should be covered with white paper to show that there is a difference between yin and yang.
Taboo beliefs Fujian folk worship of trees and rocks is widespread. All the more ancient trees, are seen as the spirit of God wood.
Such as the maple god, banyan god, camphor god, pine public and so on. Among them, the banyan tree is more believed as the incarnation of the god of good fortune.
In towns and villages, wherever there is a famous ancient banyan tree in the shade, there are people who offer incense under the tree to pray for peace. The taboos of life in Fuzhou can be found everywhere.
The master invited to eat is, often will be full of rice as high as the mountain, the guest as much as you can say can not eat so much, will be the rice to the master of the rice bowl, but do not hesitate, and do not hand chopsticks inserted in the bowl of rice, this is extremely unlucky. Because in Fuzhou, when offering the coffin head, there is a bowl full of "funeral food", the top straight into a pair of chopsticks.
Go to the wedding banquet, can not overlap the plate bowl, otherwise it means bigamy. Speaking more taboos, "to bowl of rice" should be called "to bowl of rice", to avoid the meaning of rice.
Eating and drinking tea in China, Beijing, Lu, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan, Hunan eight cuisines, Fujian cuisine is unique. Fuzhou cuisine is the main representative of Fujian cuisine, with a unique flavor.
Fuzhou cuisine with materials and seasoning are based on local materials, the operation of the knife, pay attention to the fire, color, aroma, taste, shape, good, good at frying, stir-frying, simmering, stewing, steaming, popping the method, its main features are: (a) good use of sugar. Fuzhou people cooking, like to use sugar flavoring, favoring sweet, sour, light, and Sichuan cuisine, Hunan cuisine with chili to form a different style.
Sugar can be deodorized, vinegar is acid can be refreshing, suitable for hot climate taste Fuzhou; light is to preserve the original flavor and freshness. (ii) commonly used bad.
Red dregs is a specialty of Fujian, Fuzhou dishes have cannon dregs, light dregs, drunken dregs and so on more than ten kinds of dregs method. In addition, shrimp oil is also used in seasonings.
(C) more soup dishes. Fuzhou cuisine is good at soup to keep the flavor, there is a "hundred soup hundred flavors" said.
Soup is the essence of Fujian cuisine. There are more than 2,000 varieties of Fuzhou cuisine, and its "Buddha jumps over the wall", "light lees fried bamboo razor clams" and so on are famous dishes overseas.
Fujian rainfall, more red and yellow soil, with superior conditions for growing tea. Green tea, oolong tea, black tea, flower tea, white tea and pressed tea is China's six major types of tea, in addition to mainly for ethnic minorities to drink pressed tea, the other five major types of tea in Fujian have a large number of production, and almost every county has tea, and Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui, Sichuan and listed as China's five major tea-producing areas, some of the treasures, such as Anxi "Tieguanyin", Wuyishan "Dahongpao", Fuding "White Hair Silver Needle" and other famous.
Fujian has a long history of tea production, the Southern Tang Dynasty, Minbei has "Beiyuan Royal Tea Garden", tea drinking custom for the country's most prevalent place, has become a "home can not be a day without tea", the formation of unique tea drinking customs. The first thing you need to do is to pick your own, and that's probably it.
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