The Spring Festival is here, which means that spring is coming, and the grass and trees will be renewed, and a new round of sowing and harvesting season will start again. People have just passed through the ice and snow, the grass and trees withered the long winter, have long been looking forward to the days of spring, when the new year comes, naturally, full of joy singing and dancing to meet the festival.
The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han Chinese people, but the Manchu, Mongolia, Yao, Zhuang, white, alpine, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong, Li and more than a dozen other ethnic minorities also have the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival is more of their own national characteristics, more flavorful.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, May 20, 2006, "Spring Festival" folk approved by the State Council included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
The origin of the Spring Festival
The oracle bone character for "year" was written with the character "禾" on the upper part and "人" on the lower part. The character "年" in Jinwen is also the same as the oracle bone character, it is also from 禾 (禾) and 人 (人). In the Small Seal Script, the character for "year" is written as "上禾下千", and in the Shuowen Jiezi (说文解字-禾部), it reads "年" (year), which means "year" (year) is the year in which the grains are ripe. It is pronounced from "禾" and "千". The character for "man" in the Small Seal Script was changed to "thousand", which is why Xu Shen used it, while the character for "thousand" was originally for a decorated person, which is not a contradiction in terms. "Wo" is a general term for grains, and cannot be misinterpreted as only "wheat". The good or bad of the year, mainly by the growth and harvest of "Wo" to determine the situation, and now has been unearthed in the oracle bone inscriptions in the "Wo" character, almost all look heavy was bent over, it can be seen that it symbolizes a bumper crop of cereal production. What is the meaning of the character "人" under the character "年"? From the oracle bone inscriptions, the character for "year" looks like a person carrying a heavy load of grain on his head.
The Xinhai Revolution overthrew the imperial system, Sun Yat-sen from Shanghai to Nanjing, the day before the inauguration, the Nanjing Senate decided to change to the solar calendar, and the Republic of China chronology. However, the lunar calendar has been used for a long time, and is conducive to the arrangement of agricultural affairs, therefore, the people still prefer the lunar calendar.
Customs of the Spring Festival
The twenty-third day of the Lunar New Year, also known as the "small year", is the day of the folk festival of the stove. The folk song "twenty-three, sugar melon sticky" refers to the annual Lunar New Year 23 or 24 days of the sacrificial stove, there is the so-called "government three people four boat family five", that is, the government in the Lunar New Year 23rd, the general folk in the 24th, the people on the water for the twenty-fifth day of the sacrificial stove.
Sacrifice of the stove, is a folk in our country has a great influence, widely spread custom. In the old days, almost every house had a "Zao Wang" god in the stove room. People call this god "Sifu Bodhisattva" or "Zaojun Sifu", and legend has it that he is the Jade Emperor's "Nine Heavenly East Kitchen Sifu Zaowangfujun", responsible for the management of the family's stove fire, and is worshipped as a He is responsible for the management of each family's stove fire, and is worshipped as the protector god of a family. Most of the Zaowang niches are located in the north or east of the stove room, with the idol of Zaowang in the center. For those who don't have a Zaowang niche, there are also those who put the idol directly on the wall. Some of the idols depicted only one person, Zao Wang, while others had two persons, a man and a woman, and the goddess was called "Zao Wang's grandmother". This is probably an imitation of the image of an earthly couple. Most of the statues of Lord Zao also have the calendar of the year printed on them, with words such as "Master of the East Kitchen", "Supervisory God of the Earth", and "Head of the Household" to indicate the status of the God of Vesta. On both sides of the posters are couplets that read "Good things are said in heaven, and peace is guaranteed in the world below" to bless the whole family.
Since the previous year's New Year's Eve has remained at home to protect and monitor the family; to the Lunar New Year's Eve on the twenty-third day of the Zaosheng will be ascending to the sky, to the Jade Emperor in heaven to report on the family's good or bad behavior, to send the Zaosheng ceremony known as the "send Zao" or "resignation Zao The ceremony of sending the Zaoshen is called "sending Zao" or "resigning Zao". Based on the report of the Zaos, the Jade Emperor will hand over to the Zaos the fate of the family in the new year. Therefore, for a family, the Zaowang master's report really has significant stakes.
The Zaobao ceremony is usually held at nightfall. The family first goes to the stove room, sets up a table, pays homage to the Zaowang master in the shrine on the stove wall, and offers sugar melons made of caramel and flour. Then, they make paper horses and feed grass to the animals. Offering caramelized sugar to Zaowang is to sweeten his old man's mouth. In some places, sugar is smeared around the mouth of Zaowang, saying, "Say more good things, don't say bad things." This is to stuff the mouth of Master Zao with sugar, so that he will not say anything bad. In the Tang Dynasty, there is a record of "applying wine lees on the stove to make Zaosi drunk" in the "Records of the Years and Seasons of the Emperor in the Emperor's Chariot". After smearing the mouth of Zaowang with sugar, people would take down the statue of the god and ascend to heaven together with paper and smoke. In some places, sesame stalks and pine branches are piled up in the yard at night, and the image of Zaojun, which has been offered for a year, is invited out of the shrine and burned, together with paper horses and grass, on fire. The yard was brightly lit by the fire, and the family bowed around the fire, praying as they burned: This year is the twenty-third, to send Zaojun to the Western Paradise. There is a strong horse, there is grass, a smooth and safe journey. The sugar melons are sweet and sweet, so please say good words to the Jade Emperor.
Send Zaojun, some places there are still several beggars, disguised, singing Zaojun song from house to house, Zaojun dance, called "Zaojun God", in exchange for food.
Send stove customs in China's north and south of the country is extremely common, Mr. Lu Xun has written "gengzi send stove that is the case" poem: only chicken gum teeth sugar, canonical clothes for petal incense. There are no long things in the house, not only less yellow sheep.
He said in the article "Zaojun day of the send": "Zaojun ascension day, the street also sells a kind of sugar, the size of a citrus, in our place there is also this thing, but flat, like a thick small pancake. That's called 'Gum Tooth Molasses'. The original intention was in asking Zaojun to eat it and glue his teeth so that he could not flirt and speak ill of the Jade Emperor." The allusion to the "yellow sheep" in Lu Xun's poem comes from "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty - Yin Zhi Zhuan": "During the reign of Emperor Xuan Di, Yin Zifang was a filial and benevolent man. Lunar morning cooking, and the stove God see, Zifang worship again to be celebrated; home has a yellow sheep, because of the sacrifice. Since then, after the storm to the rich. To know three generations, and then prosperous, so after often to wax day sacrifice stove and recommend yellow sheep." Yin Zifang saw the God of the stove, kill yellow sheep sacrifice, and then made good luck. From then on, the custom of killing yellow sheep to sacrifice to Zaozao has been passed down.
The offerings for Zaos in the Tang and Song dynasties were quite abundant. The Song Dynasty poet Fan Chengda's "Zaosi words" made an extremely vivid depiction of the folk festival at that time: Ancient legend of the twenty-fourth day of the waxing moon, Zaojun wants to say something towards the sky. The cloud car, the wind and the horses stayed a little, and the family had cups and plates for the festival. The pig's head is rotten and the fish is fresh, the bean paste is sweet and loose, and the rice bait is round. Men offer their daughters to avoid it, and sprinkle wine and burn money to make Zaojun happy. Don't be angry at the maid's struggles, or at the cats and dogs that touch you. I will send you to the gate of heaven with a full stomach and a long spoon and a short spoon, so don't go back to the clouds and beg for a share of the profits.
The sacrificial stove on the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year is closely related to the New Year. This is because, a week later, on the night of the 30th day of the Lunar New Year, Lord Zao comes to earth with the other gods with the good fortune and misfortune that the family is supposed to get. Lord Zao is believed to lead the way for the gods in heaven. The other gods ascend to heaven again after the New Year, but only Zao Wangwang stays in people's kitchens for a long time. The ceremony of welcoming the gods is called "receiving the gods", and for Lord Zao it is called "receiving the stove". The ceremony is usually much simpler on New Year's Eve, when you just need to put on a new stove lamp and burn incense in front of the stove niche, and that's the end of it.
The saying goes, "Men don't worship the moon, women don't sacrifice to the stove". In some places, women do not sacrifice the stove, it is said, Zaowang master looks like a white man, afraid of female sacrifice stove, there is a "male and female suspicion". The origin of Zao Wang Wang has a long history. Among the Chinese folk gods, Zao is considered to be very old. As early as the Xia Dynasty, he was already a great god honored by the people. According to the ancient book "Rituals - Rituals" Kong Yingda sparse: "Zhuanxu's son Ri Li, Zhu Rong, sacrificed as the god of the stove." Zhuangzi - Dasheng recorded: "Stove has a bun." Sima Biao commented, "Bun, the god of the stove, dressed in red, like a beautiful woman." It is also written in "Zuopu Zi Wei Ji" that "On the night of the moon's darkness, the god of the stove also goes up to the sky for the white man's sins." These records are probably the source of the sacrifices to the God of Vesta. In addition, or that the god of the stove is drilling wood for fire "flint man's"; or that the Shennong's "fire officer"; or that the "yellow emperor made stove" "Su Jili"; or that the god of the stove surnamed Zhang, the list, the word Ziguo; many say differently.
Ceremony stove festival, folk preaching eating dumplings, meaning "send off dumplings to meet the wind face". Mountainous areas eat cake and buckwheat. Jin Dongnan region, the popular custom of eating fried corn, folk proverb has "twenty-three, do not eat fried, the beginning of the year - a pot down" said. People like to fry corn with maltose bonded together, frozen into a large block, eat crispy and sweet.
After the twenty-third of Lunar New Year, every family has to write Spring Festival couplets. Folk say there are gods must be posted, every door must be posted, every thing must be posted, so the Spring Festival couplets are the most numerous, the most complete. The couplets in front of the gods are especially elaborate, mostly words of worship and prayers. Commonly, there are couplets for the God of Heaven and Earth: "Heaven's grace is as deep as the sea, and earth's virtue is as heavy as the mountain"; couplets for the God of Land: "White jade is created from the earth, and gold comes out from the earth"; couplets for the God of Wealth: "The God of Heaven's Wealth, and the God of Earth's Fortunes! The God of Wealth: "Lord of wealth in heaven, God of fortune and fortune on earth"; the God of Wells: "Wells can lead to the four seas, and families can reach the three rivers". Face grain silos, corrals and other places in the Spring Festival couplets, are expressed warm celebration and hope. Such as "grains, six animals thrive"; "rice and noodles as thick as mountains, oil and salt as deep as the sea"; "cattle like a tiger in the South Mountain, the horse like a dragon in the North Sea"; "sheep year after year, lamb month after month. Sheng, lamb monthly increase" and so on. In addition, there are some single couplets, such as each indoor sticker "look up and see joy", the door opposite sticker "go out and see joy", on the fire sticker "Wang Qi Chong Tian", the yard sticker "full of gold", "the yard is full of gold", "the yard is full of gold", "the yard is full of gold", "the yard is full of gold". "Full of gold in the yard", "deep roots" on the tree, "White Tiger" on the stone mill, and so on. Couplets on the door, is the face of a family, special attention, or lyrical, or write the scene, rich in content, wonderful words.
After the Zao Festival, preparations for the New Year begin in earnest. Every year from the lunar calendar from the twenty-third day to the New Year's Eve, China's folk called this period of time "to welcome the spring day", also known as "sweeping dust day". Sweeping is the end of the year cleaning, the north called "sweeping room", the south called "dusting". In the Spring Festival before the dust, is a traditional habit of our people.
"Lunar month 24, dusting sweeping house" custom, a long time. According to "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals" records, our country in the era of Yao and Shun on the Spring Festival dust custom. According to folklore: because the "dust" and "Chen" homophonic, dust sweeping in the New Year has the meaning of "in addition to the new Chen Bu Xin", the intention is to put all the "poor luck! ", "bad luck" are swept out. This custom is the desire of the people to break the old, and the wish of the old and welcome the new prayers.
"Three corpses of God" Taoism said in the human body for Chong "God". According to the "three corpses in the scripture" said: "the upper corpse Peng 倨, in the human head; in the corpse Peng quality, in the human abdomen; the lower corpse Peng Jiao, in the human foot." It is also said that on the day of Gengshen, they would go up to heaven to tell the Emperor of Heaven about the sins of people; but as long as people stayed up all night on that day, they could avoid it, which is called "keeping Gengshen".
Zao sugar is a kind of malt sugar, sticky, it is drawn into a long sugar stick called "Guandong sugar", pulled into a flat round type is called "sugar melon". Put it outside the house in winter, because of the cold weather, sugar melon solidified solid and some tiny bubbles inside, eat it crunchy, sweet and crispy, unique flavor. The real Guandong sugar hard, drop can not be broken, eat must be split with a kitchen knife, the material is very heavy and very fine. Slightly sour taste, no honeycomb in the middle, each piece weighs one or two, two or four, the price is also more expensive. Sugar melons divided into sesame and no sesame two kinds, made of sugar melon shape or melon shape, the center is empty, the skin is not as thick as five points, although the size of the different, but the transaction is still calculated by the amount, the large sugar melon weighing one or two pounds, but used as a front, buy very few people.
Customs of the Chinese New Year
The Spring Festival is also known as the first day, New Year's Day, no positive, Yuan Chen, Yuan Shuo, New Year's Day, the first of the year, the first of the year, the age of the first, the new positive, the first throne, the three yuan or the year, over the first day of the New Year for the summer calendar. Due to different calendars, the day of the first day of the year is not consistent across generations: the first day of the first month of the Xia Dynasty, the first day of December in the Shang Dynasty, the first day of November in the Zhou Dynasty, the first day of October in the Qin Dynasty, and the first day of the first month of the first year of the year was restored in the Han Emperor Wu Di, and continues to this day.
"Spring Festival", there are differences in the reference to each generation. Han Dynasty refers to the day of spring, the North and South Dynasties refers to the entire spring, to the modern era refers to the first day of the first month. It is a traditional festival with the longest history, richest activities, grandest rituals, most spectacular scenes and most exquisite food in China.
Chinese New Year food customs
※ During the Eastern Han Dynasty, ancestor worship was an important activity and custom of the Spring Festival. According to Cui Ti's "Four People's Monthly Orders", "The first day of the first month is the first day of the first month. The rate of wives and offspring, clean sacrifice to the ancestors. And the ritual day, into the wine Shen Bibi, is the family of inferiority and superiority, no big or small, in order to be listed in the ancestor before the children and women great-grandchildren, each on the pepper wine in the parents, said goblet lifting the birthday, Xin Xin as well."
※ South Dynasty period, the Spring Festival, the whole family to congratulate each other, drinking feasts, and recreational activities. According to the Liang man Zong懔 "荆楚岁時记", "the first day of the first month, .......young and old are all properly dressed, in order to pay their respects. The first day of the first month, all the children and elders were properly dressed, and they paid tribute to each other in turn. Into the tusu wine, gum teeth molasses, under the five Xin plate." There are also games such as drawing chickens, lighting firecrackers, hanging from ropes, and begging for wishes.
※ Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in the Spring Festival food customs in the ceremonial component gradually increased. According to the Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Zicollection "Dream Liang Records" records: "the soil of the great masters are exchanged congratulations, the fine people of men and women are also freshly dressed, to and from the festival"; "Fantianlu Congruent Records" records: "men and women in order to worship the elders, the masters of the young out to visit their friends and relatives, or not only to send their children on behalf of the congratulations, known as the New Year's Day"; "Qingbo Magazine" records: "painting chickens, burning firecrackers, hanging rope, begging for wishes, and other games. Qingbo Magazine": "Song Yuanyou years, New Year's greetings, often using servants to hold the name of the prick on behalf of to". Friends and relatives to pay tribute to the New Year, the host family must set up a banquet, wine and meat unusually rich.
According to the "Jiatai Huiji Zhi" records: "New Year's Day, men and women at an early age, the master of the house set up wine and fruit to propitiate, men and women order to worship, completed is full dress, at the relatives of congratulations, set up food and wine, the day age leave, where five days and finished." to the qing dynasty, "the emperor jing years and seasons jisheng" cloud: "the scholar and the people's home, add clothes and crown, clean belt, worship god and ancestor; burn kozogangbi, taste cool family reunion, offer pepper plate, pouring cypress wine, help steamed cake, sip powder soup. When they go out to welcome the joy, they visit the temple of medicine and shadow, and make invitations to congratulate the festival. Road meets friends and relatives, then drop the carriage long bow, and wish the day of the new jubilee Nafu", for the spring to come to pay homage, "even if it is not close to the thick, but also must be served three cups of festive wine. If the relatives forget, why not get drunk! It is said that the new festival, walk a thousand homes as well as sitting in a family. And the cars and horses, after the joy of the day, it can be said that the victory of a moment also carry on".
Chinese New Year food customs
Han Chinese New Year food customs, generally to eat rice cakes, dumplings, patties, dumplings, eggs, big meat nine, whole fish, wine, Fukuo orange, apples, peanuts, melons, candies, tea and dishes; and accompanied by dusting, washing bedding, preparing New Year's Eve, posting Spring Festival couplets, stickers, sticker, sticker cutouts, sticker, point candles, light a fire, firecrackers, the New Year's Eve, to the New Year's money, New Year's greetings, visiting relatives, ancestral graves, flower markets, social fires and many other activities, the full joy of heaven. Such as the New Year's Eve dinner, especially pay attention to: First, the whole family must be gathered, for some reason did not return to the person must leave a seat and a set of tableware, reflecting the reunion of the meaning; Second, the meal is sumptuous, pay attention to the "mouth", the rice cake called "step by step", dumplings called "Wan Wan Shun", "the New Year's Eve", "the New Year's Eve", and "the New Year's Eve". The rice cake is called "Bu Bu Gao", the dumplings are called "Wan Wan Shun", the wine is called "Chang Liu Shui", the eggs are called "Da Yuan Bao", and the goldfish is called "Nian Nian Yu"; The fish is not allowed to be eaten, it is called "watch the balance", and must be reserved for the first day of the year. Northern regions without fish, mostly carved a wooden fish instead; Third, the seating order, mostly grandparents on top. Grandchildren in the center, the father's generation under, regardless of gender, old and young, all have to drink. Eating closed doors, lively and enjoyable and stop.
New Year's Eve feast dishes have their own characteristics. In the old days, Beijing, Tianjin, the average family to do rice, stewed pork, beef and mutton, stewed chicken, and then do a few fried dishes. Shaanxi banquets are generally four big dishes, eight big bowls, four big dishes for fried dishes and cold dishes, eight big bowls to braised vegetables, roasted vegetables. Southern Anhui only meat dishes are braised meat, tiger meat, meatballs, meat, steamed meat, stewed meat and pork liver, pork heart, pork belly products, in addition to a variety of fried meat, fried meat and so on. The eastern part of Hubei Province for the "three steam", "three cakes," three pills.
"Three Steam" is steamed whole fish, steamed whole duck, steamed whole chicken;
"Three Cakes" is fish cake, meat cake, sheep cake;
"Three Pills" is fish ball, meat ball, lotus root ball.
The average person in Harbin stir-fries 8, 10 or 12 or 16 dishes, the main ingredients of which are chicken, duck, fish and vegetables. Gannan's New Year's Eve dinner is generally 12 dishes. Some places in Zhejiang generally for the "Ten Bowls", to discuss the "ten full ten blessings" of the color, to chicken, duck, fish and all kinds of vegetables. Nanchang area in Jiangxi Province, generally more than ten dishes, pay attention to four cold, four hot, eight dishes, two soup.
Everywhere on New Year's Eve, there are one or more essential dishes, and these dishes often have some kind of auspicious meaning. For example, the Suzhou area, the table must have bok choy (then Anle dish), soybean sprouts (Ruyi dish), celery (diligence). Xiangzhongnan region must be a kilogram of carp, called "reunion fish", there must be a 3 kilograms of pork elbow, called "reunion elbow". Wanzhong, southern Anhui table with two fish, a complete carp, only to see but not allowed to eat, both to honor the ancestors and said that the annual surplus, the other is a silver carp, you can eat, symbolizing even the grandson, prosperous people. The first bowl of Qimen family feast is "in and", made of tofu, mushrooms, asparagus, shrimp, fresh meat, etc., meaning "peace and prosperity".
The Hefei table has a bowl of "chicken scratch beans", which means "catch money and get rich". Butler to eat a chicken leg, called "grab money claw", means that next year, the wealth of money into the treasure. Anqing's family to eat a bowl of noodles before dinner, called "money string". Nanchang area must eat rice cakes, braised fish, fried rice noodles, eight treasures of rice, boiled paste soup, the meaning of which in turn is the annual rise, the annual fish, food harvest, rice into strings, eight treasures into the wealth, year after year.
Northern regions like to eat dumplings at the Spring Festival, which symbolizes unity, good fortune and the old and the new. In order to increase the festive atmosphere and fun, people over the generations have put a lot of effort into the dumpling filling. People put money in the dumplings, and whoever eats them will be rich in the coming year; honey in the dumplings, and whoever eats them will have a sweet life in the coming year, and so on.
'25th day of the Lunar New Year's Eve'
The old custom is that after the God of Stove goes to heaven, the Jade Emperor will come down to the world himself on the 25th day of the 12th month of the Chinese lunar calendar to investigate the good and evil on earth, and to decide on the coming year's misfortunes and blessings, so every family sacrifices to pray for blessings, which is called "receiving the Jade Emperor". On this day, people should be careful in their living and speaking, and strive for good performance in order to win the favor of the Jade Emperor and bring blessings to the coming year.
Catching up with the chaotic year
Sending the God of the Stove to the sky until New Year's Eve before welcoming back, during which time there is no god on earth to govern, no taboos, and more marriages among the people, known as "catching up with the chaotic year". Messy year is the people designed for themselves to regulate the social life of a specific period of time. At the end of the year, people have leisure and savings, for people who usually have the energy to organize big events, this is a good time. Therefore, people invented this special time folklore according to the needs of real life. It can be seen that in traditional society, the order of people's life is dependent on folklore to regulate.
Shining the field silkworms
Also known as "burning the field silkworms", "Shining the field silkworms", "burning the field of money", is popular in the south of the Yangtze River belt of folk praying for the New Year's custom. Lunar New Year 25 this day will be tied to the torch pole in the field, with the flame to divine the New Year, the flame is strong omen of a good harvest in the coming year. In some places, this event is held on the 30th day of the Lunar New Year.
'26th day of the Lunar New Year's Eve'
As the saying goes, "On the 26th day of the Lunar New Year's Eve, we kill the pigs and cut the meat for the New Year's Eve," which means that this is the main day to prepare for the New Year's Eve meat. Killing a pig, of course, is to kill a home-bred pig; cutting meat, refers to those who do not have a pig to go to the market to buy the New Year's meat.
The reason for putting the phrase "cut the meat for the New Year" into the New Year rhyme is that the economy of farming societies was not well developed, so people could only eat meat during the New Year festivals, which is why it is called "New Year's Meat".
The 27th day of the Lunar New Year
The proverb says, "On the 27th day of the Lunar New Year, chickens are slaughtered to make way for the big fair". On this day, in addition to slaughtering their own poultry, families also have to catch the market on the store, centralized purchasing. Compared with the weekdays to buy the lack of sales for the main purpose of the catching, Lunar New Year's Day 27 catching is mainly to buy and sell New Year's Day items, such as: firecrackers, Spring Festival couplets, God horse, incense and candles, burnt paper, beef and mutton, gifts for small children's toys and gifts, a variety of girl's head flower jewelry, and so on. On this day, the bazaars are very red-hot and bustling.
Traditional folklore in these two days to focus on bathing, laundry, remove the bad luck of the year, ready to meet the next year's New Year, the capital has a "twenty-seven wash guilt, twenty-eight wash scruffy" proverb. On the 26th day of the Lunar New Year, the bath is for "washing the blessing of the blessing of the blessing of the blessing of the blessing of the blessing of the blessing".
The twenty-eighth day of the Lunar New Year
The annual ballad says: "On the twenty-eighth day of the Lunar New Year, we make cakes and steamed buns and stick them on flowers.
The so-called "sticking flowers" means posting New Year's paintings, spring scrolls, window decorations, and various sacred symbols. The custom of posting Spring Festival couplets originated from the ancient "peach charm". Ancient people to peach wood as a wood to ward off evil, "canonical art" said: "peach, the essence of the five wood, so the pressure of the evil also."
Lunar New Year's Day 28 to the surface hair, ready to staple food, hair surface, in the past there is no fast-acting hair teaching powder, ordinary noodles it is not easy to shelve, hair surface does not love bad, so 28 this day on the hair surface, ready to the first day of the first month to 15 of the staple food, there are 27 to the surface issued, 28 this day began to steam jujube flower is steamed with jujube, these with stuffing. According to the old reasoning, from the first day of the first five can not move the fire steamed buns and fried vegetables, so the old Beijing people used to do in the New Year twenty-eight, twenty-nine these two days to do the staple food. Because of the Spring Festival period avoid doing steam, fry, fry, branding and other cooking, and steam and fight harmonics, fried and noisy harmonics, fried and fried (four) harmonics, branding and fall harmonics, are inauspicious, so the old Beijing people in the year before the steam out enough to eat the whole family on a week or so steamed buns, which is called the next year to eat.
The steamed food in the annual dish in addition to steamed buns, there are some other pasta. Jin Shizong descendant Wan Yan Zuo Xian in the "Kangxi Anecdotal Ornament Examination" listed in the Manchu annual dishes in the steamed food: steamed buns, steamed hi, steamed rolls, steamed date mud square nursery, steamed bean paste round package, steamed steamed buns, steamed children and grandchildren steamed buns, steamed Ruyi rolls and so on. Steamed buns at Chinese New Year are topped with rouge dotted with red dots for good luck. Nowadays, since there are not so many taboos, if you want to eat steamed buns during the Spring Festival, you can buy them anytime.
People look forward to the new year in the family and beautiful, smooth, so deliberately will be those who sound harmonic disharmony to avoid one by one. Although it's a bit of a hassle to make the dough and steam the buns, there are still a lot of people who are willing to stick to the culture that has been handed down to them from the old days.
Responders: Epileptic Taoist - Beginning of the jianghu two 10-2 21:48
The Spring Festival is the Chinese folk most solemn and most characteristic of the traditional festivals, generally refers to the New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month, and also known as the year of the lunar calendar, commonly known as the "New Year". But in folklore, the traditional meaning of the Spring Festival is from the wax festival on the eighth day of the lunar month, or the twenty-third or twenty-fourth day of the lunar month of the sacrificial stove, until the fifteenth day of the first month of the first month of the New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month of the culmination. During the Spring Festival, the Han Chinese and many ethnic minorities in China hold various activities to celebrate. These activities are mainly to worship gods and buddhas, pay homage to ancestors, get rid of the old and bring in the new, welcome joy and receive blessings, and pray for a good year. The activities are colorful, with strong ethnic characteristics.
The Spring Festival is here, which means that spring is coming, and the grass and trees will be renewed, and a new round of sowing and harvesting season will start again. People have just passed through a long winter of ice and snow, grass and trees withered, and have long been looking forward to the day of spring, when the new year comes, naturally, full of joy to meet the festival with songs and dances.
Respondent: 007788li - Trial Level 1 10-3 10:03
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Ref: Respondent: good TVT - Apprentice Wizard Level 2 10-4 16:33
Sweeping dust - folk proverb: the 24th day of the Lunar New Year, dusting and sweeping the house". The north is called sweeping the room, the south is called dusting. Indoor and outdoor, room after room, thoroughly cleaned, clothes and utensils, scrubbed, clean to welcome the New Year.
Memory of the Spring Festival - New Year's Eve dinner
Door painting - according to the "Classic of the Mountains and Seas" said: Tang Taizong Li Shimin was sick, often heard the sound of ghosts crying and howling in his dreams, so that the night does not sleep. At this time, the general Qin Shubao, Yuchigong two volunteers, fully clothed to stand on both sides of the palace door, the results of the palace is really safe and sound, Li Shimin that the two generals are too hard, the heart of the heart, and then ordered the painter will be the two of them, the image of the mighty painted in the palace door, known as the "door god". East Han Cai Yong, "Dictatorship" records, the Han Dynasty folk have been posted on the door "Shentan", "Yubi" idol, to the Song Dynasty evolved into woodblock prints. Later, the folk competed with each other to follow suit, and after several evolutions, formed their own unique style, which is now the New Year's Paintings. China's earliest surviving New Year's paintings are the Song Dynasty version of "Sui Dynasty fair presenting the country's face map".
Chinese New Year scrolls evolved from the "peach stalks" of the Warring States period more than 2,000 years ago. According to the Huainanzi, peach symbols (i.e., peach stalks) were carved from peach wood. It was engraved with the incantation to extinguish blessings, and was changed once a year. When Emperor Meng Chang of Shu had a whim during the Spring Festival in the Five Dynasties, he had a peach tree sliced and he wrote a couplet on it: "New Year's Day is a blessing for all, and the festive season is an everlasting one". This is the earliest Spring Festival couplet in China. As for the official birth of the name of Spring Festival couplets, it was in the Ming Dynasty. Ming Dynasty founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang built the capital of Jinling, had in the new year's eve when the decree: "public officials and the common people's families, must write a pair of spring couplets to decorate the new year". Later, the Spring Festival couplets were popularized and are still used in every household during the New Year's Eve. Changes in the Spring Festival couplets
Crackers - the custom of setting off firecrackers in the Spring Festival began in the Han Dynasty. According to the South Liang people Zong懔撰写的《荆梦岁时记》记载："The first day of the first month ...... chickens crowing up, first in front of the court firecrackers from the mountain demons and evil spirits." In ancient times, firecrackers, is to use bamboo into the fire burning, due to heat expansion of the air inside the bamboo, it will send out "crackling" sound, in order to ward off evil spirits, praying for the coming year auspicious and happy. After the Tang and Song dynasties, the firecrackers made of gunpowder were developed.
Welcome to the New Year--according to the Ming Dynasty Lu Rong "Beans Garden Miscellany" records, the New Year's Eve custom was first practiced in Kyoto in the Ming Dynasty. Officials, regardless of whether they know each other to pay respect to each other, the people pay respect to friends and relatives. In the Qing Dynasty, it was fashionable to send a "worship box" during the Spring Festival, in which a New Year's invitation was placed in an exquisite and beautifully decorated box and sent to friends and relatives to show the solemnity of the occasion. Today, Chinese folk, "New Year" has become a traditional custom, the most dear friends and colleagues, home to home, door to door to pay tribute to the New Year, greetings to each other. New Year's greeting is a way for people to express their good wishes to each other
The Spring Festival, the joyful moments from the countryside - the Spring Festival of 1954, the two rural girls in Jin County, Hebei Province, the swing and the treetops of the general high swing. >>
Pressing New Year's Money - It is a traditional Chinese custom to give children some money for the New Year. It is a traditional Chinese folk custom to give children some New Year's money on New Year's Eve. The New Year's money is full of prayers from the elders to the younger ones for their well-being. In China, about the origin of the New Year's money, there have been some folk stories widely circulated, for example, in ancient times there is a body black hand white demon, the name is "Sneaky", every year on New Year's Eve out of the scourge of children. So people would light up the lamps and stay up all night, and put copper coins on the children's pillows to avoid the evil spirits, which is "guarding the evil spirits" and "suppressing the evil spirits", and later also known as "guarding the New Year's Eve" and "suppressing the New Year's Eve". "Pressing the year". But these legends are not based on history, not enough evidence. The custom of the New Year's Eve money really began when there are many different opinions. >> "Pressing the New Year's money" is a folkloric activity that integrates the ethical relations of the family
In ancient times, it was popular for literati to give each other New Year's diamonds. The New Year's diamonds, which are now known as New Year's cards, evolved from the ancient business cards. According to the Qing Dynasty Zhao Yi testified that there was no paper in the Western Han Dynasty, cut bamboo and wood for the thorns, written on the name, called "name thorns". Later also used red floss in brocade embroidered words for "business card". After the Eastern Han Dynasty, paper was used instead of wood, called "name paper". Six Dynasties, referred to as "name", the Tang Dynasty called "door". Song Dynasty, also known as "hand prick", "door prick". Ming and Qing dynasties had called "inch Chu", "red single".
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