According to the information, Taikang Daoxiang originated from Taoist music and songs, and after a hundred years, it has taken root and sprouted in the eastern land of Henan. The Taoist opera is sung with real voice, and the tone is clear and gentle, pleasant to the ear, with a very strong flavor of life. Its unique "de, oh" sound is borrowed from the famous Yu opera "Chaoyanggou". Many of the plays of Taikang Daoxiang have been lost, and there are more than seventy traditional plays and more than forty modern plays in existence at present.
Taikang DaoxiangTaikang Daoxiang has a long history and is a Han opera art originating from the ancient times of the Spring and Autumn Period, distributed in Taikang and its surrounding areas. The repertoire is rich, according to census statistics there are more than thirty songs and tunes, including three categories and five varieties. The three main categories are: singing, performance and music, and the five varieties are: vocal faction, performance program, music system, qu paiko tunes and percussion. The formation of these categories, both inherited folk art, and sister arts interspersed, and finally formed the unique characteristics of Taikang Daoxiang. There are more than 160 ancient traditional plays and more than 60 modern plays, many of which have been lost during the long period of transmission.
Daoxiang opera is mainly sung, and the script is more sung words and less interpolations, with hundreds of sung words in a board. Its singing in the board cavity and the song both, the main board has a slow board, running water, cut the board, big over, single over, double over, crying dead, crying live, stacks, roll white and so on. There are also the "Locked Branch" and "Old Peach Blossom". Both male and female singers use their real voices when singing, and their words are clear. There are overlapping sentences when singing Erba or Liu Shui, and there are the liner notes of "which hu hi" and "which hi yi". The tunes are pure and simple, and the lyrics are easy to understand, which is loved by the masses. The famous modern Yu opera "Chaoyang Gully" Shuanbao sang "that front leg bow, that back leg stirrups, feet don't panic to hand don't fierce ......" is the transplanted Daoxiang singing.
Daoxiang theater accompaniment instrument from the original fish drums, simple board, and gradually transitioned to the two fell hu main. But it is different from the general pendant beard, it is a large cylinder pole short, the center of the waist code, sound like erhu. Later, the accompaniment was added to the Pihu, sanxian, Dahu, sheng, suona and some national plucked instruments. In the 90s of the last century and added the electronic piano, electric bass and other electro-acoustic instruments.
Daoxiang performance, make-up and costumes and other plays are not very different, the main difference is that the Daoxiang focus on singing, good comedy, its actors do not practice martial arts, Koban also has no martial arts; there is no strict distinction between the lines, in addition to the raw, Dan, shall be played for the specialized line of actors, the net, the ugly, and the end of the line is not fixed. There is no distinction between the big flower face, black face, copper hammer, frame, flower face and so on. Clowns only in the voice with some comic liner notes and dexterity of the vibrating tongue. With the development of the times, today's Daoxiang role line is also divided into quite fine. Sheng line according to the age of the characters in the play, the character of the different aspects, is subdivided into the old, young, Wu Sheng, red, etc.; Dan line is divided into Qingyi, Huadan, Caidan, Lao Dan, Granny Dan, Boudoir Dan, etc.; clown line is divided into clowns, old clowns, official clowns, clowns, clowns, and so on. Shinyang Daoxiang, also known as Hubei Daoxiang, is an art of singing and singing based on the singing and songs of Shinyang Ramsay Horn, Shinyang Flower Drum Opera and Shinyang Fishing Drums, which have evolved through years of artistic practice and accumulation of performances, repertoire and songs. Shinyang Daoxiang has a strong musicality, rich plate accent and strong local flavor. It is one of the more influential forms of local opera in Hubei. Shinyang Daoxiang is sung in the local language of Shinyang. It is mainly sung by one person, but also sung by more than two people, with singing as the main feature and some speaking in between. When a person stands and sings, his left hand holds a three-foot-long bamboo bamboo drum tube, and his right hand strikes the membrane at the end of the drum tube, staggering the rhythm. When two people sing in pairs, the other person strikes the disk, singing to the end of the cavity, more for the crowd to help.
The main cavity of Shinyang Daoxiang is called "Xiyun", named after the "Xiyun" in Shinyang Flower Drum Opera. "West rhyme head", "West rhyme tail", "West rhyme upper and lower lines", "West rhyme flower", "West rhyme palletizing lines" and "Dragon's head", "Fish's head" and "Fish's head". There are more than ten songs such as "Dragon's Head Raising" and "Fish Biting Tail". The lyrics are mainly in seven-character lines and cross lines, and can also be interspersed with three-, four-, and five-character lines to create the effect of staggered syllables.
The performance instruments include fishing drum tubes, bamboo slips (about 70cm-80cm in length, bent outward at the end and fitted with copper bells), and other accompanying instruments such as erhu, sihu, and dasansanshin. When the performer sings, the left hand embraces the drum cylinder and strikes the bamboo, while the right hand strikes the drum cylinder with the three fingers of the index finger, middle finger and ring finger. The performer sings while striking the bamboo, controlling the tempo and beat, and only strikes the drum in the prelude and interlude. The props are simple, and the singing and performance are relatively flexible. Jinhua Daoxiang ------- is also called singing news, persuade the world text. It and Hangzhou small gong book, Wenzhou drum words, Ningbo walking book, Shaoxing lotus flower drop together known as Zhejiang Province, the five major local songs. From the Ming Dynasty to the 50's and 60's after the liberation, it has been a popular recreational activity among the Jinhua folk. It is a one-person, multi-role, sitting-singing, single-block rapping art. Singing a paragraph plus a few sentences to say the table, with simple actions, that is, the so-called artists a play, acting literature and martial arts my own. Accompanying instruments are extremely simple, only a love tube and two bamboo boards. Jinhua Daoxiang is one of the most popular forms of folk music in Jinhua. It has been passed down in Jinhua for at least three hundred years.
Jinhua Daoxiang is a product of the old times when blind artists had a hard time surviving, and it is also a product of the times. In the traffic jam, closed information age, the village of the song artists acted as a medium of information, become the old days of agriculture, industry and businessmen, village women to accept indoctrination, enjoy the main source of art; in the war of resistance against Japan, Jinhua Taoist is the new literati awakening the people's horn; Chinese people **** and the country was founded in the care of the party and the government, Jinhua Taoist continues to advocate for the construction of the economy of China shouting. Jinhua Taoism is the lower part of the people, in the fishing drums and simple board "Jipeng Jipeng Jipeng Jipeng" lively sound, Jinhua Taoism condemnation of evil, persuade people to be good; Jinhua Taoism is always a happy ending to the people living in the bottom of the society of a kind of life of faith and hope. After several generations or even dozens of generations of inheritance and creation, Jinhua Taoist sentiment of the art treasury has been exceptionally rich. Daoxiang is compact, there is rarely a form of art like Jinhua Daoxiang, rich in hundreds of repertoire, whose stories are derived from the life experiences of the people of Jinhua, from the social news that happened in Jinhua.
It is precisely this kind of folk art that will end up disappearing from our eyes under the impact of modern art and modern life.
Daoxiang originated in the Tang Dynasty court music, the Southern Song Dynasty began to produce love tube simple board for singing accompaniment. After the Yuan Dynasty scattered around the singing form is not the same, Zheng Banqiao had created a loose song type "ten songs" for people to sing. After being introduced to Jinhua at the end of Ming Dynasty, Daoxiang was rooted in Wu Di and stereotyped, and then spread to eight counties of Jinhua, Quzhou, Lishui, and some mountain villages in Gan Dong and Northwest Fujian.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Jinhua already had artists who made a legendary murder case which happened in the home of Bamboo Horse Pavilion in the third year of the Ming Chongzhen (1630) into "Repentance of Kissing" to be sung. To the Qing dynasty during the Daoguang to Guangxu years, Jinhua Taoism more prosperous, such as the city of Jinhua famous artist Yudong sung "repentance record", "fishing record", "seven head record", "double pearl flower", "Huang Liang umbrella", etc., since the Daoguang, Tongzhi, Xianfeng to the Guangxu years, the long-singing never fails.
Late Guangxu, Yudong apprentice Xing Zhaolan had done in the Jinhua County Yamen as an acting master, familiar with the Yamen rise to the case and criminal cases, he learned to sing the Taoist love, the local legend of the case into a "nuns record", "gold bracelet record", "hu card record", "Kelu record", "peddlers record" and so on singing. Before and after this, Jinhua many artists to Yamen cases, social news, folk major events into Taoist singing, such as happened in the city of Jinhua, Silent Phase Lane, "Yin Yang Hall", happened in the city of Jinhua south of the five miles of pagoda, "double love", the House of the Street, "seven head of the record", Lotus Wells, "double lion", tour house Street, "nuns", Tangxi, "Burning Mountain", and the Ming Dynasty happened in the Luobu of the "Golden Crown," and so on. There are more than 40 books in Jinhua city and the surrounding villages alone, including nearly 100 repertoires in the eight counties of Jinhua.
These Taoist repertoire has been perfected by generations of folk artists in their singing, with plot twists and turns, ups and downs, distinctive characters and colorful language, such as "Double Pearl Flowers", which describes the heroine Wang Fengying's beauty, and Wang Fengying's walk across Jinhua Street, which attracts people in the stores on both sides of the street to watch with their heads turned up:
"The master of the head shaving saw Wang Caiying, with a razor in his hand, sha-la-la, sha-la-la, shaved the eyebrows of a man bald and flat.
When the ironmonger saw Wang Caiying, he held a hammer in his hand and couldn't figure out what to do with it, but the chopper turned into a coffin nail.
The barrel master saw Wang Caiying, the two "two daughters" of the urine barrel were all cut flat, so he had to change the urine barrel into a rice steamer.
The tailor saw Wang Caiying, and with scissors in his hand, he turned his pants into an apron, and the neckline of his shirt opened up to the back of his body."
Can be described as unique and more artistic.
From the province's more than 30 kinds of music and even hundreds of folk music and art categories across the country, such as Jinhua Daoxiang in the scope of a region, there are so many to take place in the local story of the repertoire of singing, it is rare. These oral literature works are the valuable cultural heritage of Jinhua eight wu, with the reduction of folk artists, urgent need to rescue. Guanzhong Daoxiang to Chang'an for the authentic, also known as "Chang'an Daoxiang", also known as "LaBo play", is popular in Guanzhong area rural folk "sitting class play". It is popular in Chang'an, Lintong, Lantian, Tuxian, Xianyang, Xingping and other places, especially Xi'an Baqiao and Sanqiao. It is said that the Taoist sentiment is the "Taoist sentiment" recited by the monks when they ask for alms and make fortunes. There is a long-standing saying in Guanzhong folklore that "there are one sutra, two words and three daoxiangs," which suggests that it evolved from the Guanzhong Taoist chanting of sutras and lyrics.
The repertoire of Guanzhong Daoxiang, according to the transcription preserved about more than 200 books (folding), the story is complete, most of them have a strong people's nature, the characters are distinctive and other characteristics. Its traditional repertoire is based on Taoist stories such as "Saving Mother by Meilian", "Great Filial Piety", "Selling the Robe", "Crying for Five Nights", etc.; and historical stories, myths and folktales such as "Five Historical Plains", "Ancient City Meeting", "Heavenly Immortal Match", "Jingde Playing the Dynasty", "The Story of the Reed Flower", etc.
The songs and tunes of the opera are known as "Nine Cavities and Eighteen Tunes", and only eight cavities and eleven tunes have been passed down. The eight cadences are "Qing Jiang Lian", "Golden Thread Hanging Gourd", "Lotus Roots Broken Silk", and "Higher and Higher Sections", "Playing Lianqiang", "High Cavity", "Pushing Sentence", "Soap Luo Robe"; eleven tunes are "Big Red Robe", "Bitter Love", "Toad Jumping over the Threshold", "Mourning Lianzi", "Cutting Flowers", "Dragging Sound", "Laughing Board", "Collapsing Sentences", " "Gas Touzi", "Anger Plate", and "Falling Head". There are slow, two or six boards, flying boards, string boards, and rolling white. In addition to rolling white, each plate is divided into Yangpo (happy tone) and Yinpo (bitter tone). Songs include "Soap Luo Robe", "Playing with Children", "Hillside Goat" and so on. There is a prominent feature in the singing, which is the help. Singing four lines of a gang accent, and divided into two categories of long and short. There are 16 kinds of musical instruments, and there are board hu, erhu and flute in the cultural field; and there are boards, drums, fisherman's drums, simple boards, three talented boards, big gongs, teeth, and touching seeds in the martial arts field. Fishing drums, simple boards, three boards as a unique instrument. After the founding of New China, it has absorbed some accompanying instruments of Qinqiang. Changwu Daoxiang is a kind of religious folk ritual activity circulating in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province. It is mainly chanted, with some passages of rap, and some parts have a certain degree of dance. Changwu County is located in the main pass of Qin and Long, and has always been characterized by frequent religious rituals. King Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty had set up a monument here, overcoming and commemorating the fallen soldiers; Qing Qianlong, Daoguang years, had twice taken the Taoist official title of the Wen family, following the example of the Taoist (master) Shi's method, created in the family to do the Taoist organization, the next four generations, and then gradually expand the circulation. In the evolution of more than 200 years, a large number of folk arts have been incorporated, gradually forming a set of strict rituals and protocols.
The dojos, known as jiaoji, are farmers who are not monks or Taoists, and do not become monks or practice fasting. They are invited to do the dojo for the funeral of their neighbors and receive a certain amount of payment. Folk call the activities of the dojo "Jiao-festival" or "Jiao-festival". They can be categorized into two types: the "Bun Festival" and the "Bun Festival for the Dead". "Bun" to worship the gods as the main, generally in the temple square to do pilgrimage, celebrate the birthday, pray for rain and other activities. The "Bun of the Dead" includes the Bun of the Dead, the Bun of the Ancestors and the Bun of the Longevity, which focuses on the deceased and also sacrifices to the gods. The main festival of the birthday celebration must be an old man of high moral standing.
Jiao class is generally composed of seven or eight people, the jiao priests to clean hands bath body, head wearing crown, wearing black, blue, yellow, three-color vestments, including yellow robes on the yin and yang eight trigrams symbols, according to the different roles of different musical instruments, according to the different rituals recite different scriptures rhyme. Changwu dojo according to the length of time, divided into four days and three nights of the "Jiaoji", three days and two nights of the "Jiaoji" and a day and a half of the "Jiaoji". The lyrics of the dojo are flexible and self-contained, with four, five, six, seven, eight, and even seventeen words forming a sentence of their own. There are a lot of false words in the lyrics. The music of Changwu Dojo is simple, poignant and sad. The accompanying instruments include pipes, flutes, drums, cymbals, fishing drums, simple boards and some small percussion instruments. In the form of "marching music", the songs played are mostly folk instrumental songs familiar to the local people, such as: [carrying water] [Liu Qingniang] [Embroidery of the Eight Immortals] [Bodhisattvas on the stage] [Praise of the West Wind] [Little Open Door] [Sacrifice of the Spirit] and so on. Shenchi County is located in the east edge of northwest Shanxi Province, which is a must-go place to Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, with a long history and culture. Shenchi Daoxiang, is popular in the northwestern region of Shanxi Province, a long history of local opera plays, belongs to a branch of China's popular opera Daoxiang, is the art of Daoxiang in the flower garden of a cluster of bright and colorful flowers.
Shenchi Daoxiang has a long history, and there are some tunes that were popular in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Some of these tunes, such as "Wanting Children" and "Moon on the Western River," basically maintain the original format. In the singing style, certain musical characteristics of local opera are incorporated, such as "flowing water" and "meshing board", which are mainly drawn from the music of Shanxi North Road Opera. Some tunes, on the other hand, have absorbed the nutrients from folk songs, and then formed their own unique styles.
Shenchi Daoxiang is a kind of Han Chinese opera mainly popular in the northwestern part of Shanxi Province and the northern part of Yanbei area, and also spreads to Bayannur League, Tumecheon, Fugu, Shenmu and other places in Shaanxi Province in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Shenchi Daoxiang, named after Shenchi County as its base. This treasure of Han folk art, with colorful songs and connotations, has a unique artistic style and distinctive local characteristics, known as "seven bends and eight turns". In 2016, in Ninghai County, the town of fork road organized "filial piety and virtue Yang Zhengqi, thrift and integrity of the family" and "Celebration of March 8 - good family" literary evening, the town of Huatang village selected by the "fork road love "Filial piety is a family heirloom" attracted the audience as soon as it appeared on stage. Actors to "fork in the road," a folk art form with a strong local flavor, vivid, graphic interpretation of the virtues of the story of filial piety, simple, natural rap let the villagers off-stage to revisit the long-lost village voice theater.
"Forked Road" is the town of Forked Road is unique to the local opera. According to the town's elderly recalled that in the past, the fork in the road around a lot of people will be singing love, in addition to performances, most of the self-entertainment, the New Year's festivals, we get together to improvise singing love. Performers in the erhu, yueqin and other ethnic instruments, accompanied by rhythmically beat the fishing drums, while singing in the countryside with deep emotion. In addition to the traditional repertoire of local folktales and legends, the singers can also sing about real-life phenomena and stories. To the mid to late 1960s, the fork in the road gradually faded out of people's lives, and at present will sing very few people, some young people do not even know what the "love of the road", on the verge of losing the crisis.
In recent years, Ninghai County, the cultural sector to re-explore, organize the "fork in the road," this valuable folk art, through the investigation and visit, in the town of fork in the road to find a skilful performance of the "fork in the road," the inheritor of the Ge Min Luo, called a number of Folk art enthusiasts, in the village of Huatang set up a Taoist performance team, invited the inheritor Ge Minluo guide choreographed "filial piety is the heirloom" and other Taoist repertoire. Last fall, this team not only participated in the "Ninghai Autumn" mass culture and art festival, Ningbo City, the second session of the Family Culture Festival and other large-scale arts and cultural activities, but also active in Ninghai city and countryside all kinds of arts and cultural activities on the grassroots stage, their wonderful performances by the audience praise.
It is reported that the fork road town recently planned to set up in the fork road town center elementary school "fork road heritage class", hoping that this excavation, cultivate more inheritors, so that the "fork road heritage" of this local folk art to shine again, and passed on from generation to generation.