When the guest arrives at the door, the host comes forward and says, "Saiyin Bainu" (hello), then puts his right hand on his chest and bows slightly, inviting the guest to enter the house. After the guests are seated, the hostess brings tea to the guests, hands cupped, the tea is fuller the better, otherwise it is considered disrespectful. At a later time, the host honors the guest with cigarettes, handing them to the guest with both hands and lighting them immediately. When the host and the guest eat together, the host frequently toast to the guest, the wine cup in the left palm, wine full, with the right hand under the left palm bowed slightly raised over the top to the guest. When the guests say goodbye, often the family send off, say "Bayi Ri too" (goodbye), "Amu Ri Sai very Yabu" (I wish you a safe journey).
The Mongolian people regard the hata as the most holy, the most noble, the most auspicious things. "Hada", originally 5 feet or 7 feet long silk, folded into a 5-inch wide shape; now folk more than 1 foot square of white cloth or blue satin folded into a triangle. Generally on New Year's Day to bow to the Buddha, the younger generation to the elders greetings, before the wedding feast toast to the honored guests, etc. Offer Hada, said to the most noble manners to welcome. Nowadays, the governmental departments also use this etiquette when welcoming honored guests from afar. Offer hatha when the master with both hands over his head to the guests to offer, this traditional rituals are still in use today.
In their daily life and interaction with each other, the Mongolians have developed the virtue of mutual help and love, and helping others. Neighbors in the village to build houses, are to contribute to help, in order to show congratulations. When there is a well, please grind the household, experienced people take the initiative to come forward to plan to avoid accidents. The village red and white wedding, the conditions of a good gift of the whole pig, altar wine, the conditions of the poor also want to send a side of Hadar to express their feelings. Village people have a disease, we go out of our way to send doctors and medicine, to help arrange vehicles and money, to share their worries. In the event of moving house, neighbors took the initiative to contribute to the car to help, women to help clean the room, boil water for cooking, entertaining guests.
Life Customs
Mongolia Chaste Mongolian people in the pastoral period to live in felt, commonly known as "yurt", simple design, can be removed, suitable for nomadic life. After the pastoralism into agriculture, more earth, wood and stone cover houses, gradually settled, forming villages.
Mongolians build houses mostly sit in the north to the south, to three or five mostly, avoid four or six forms, said "four or six is not material". Population, can continue to build east and west ear room. In the old days, people with status and official position, or build five tile room or straw room. According to the customary order of rooms, the west is the most prestigious, the west is the largest room, and the kang is built in the south and the west, commonly known as the "curved kang", and if there are a large number of people, they can be built in the south, the west, and the north, commonly known as the "money cummerbund kang". It is customary for the elders to live in the south kang and the juniors to live in the north kang. The east room of the five rooms is for the daughter-in-law to live.
Mongolians cover the new house, there is a special custom: the day of the new house on the cover, the village neighbors, relatives and friends to help and send "sticky bean buns" or millet bean buns, in order to show congratulations. When the middle purlin is put on, the old people who have both children are invited to wish for good luck. After that, the carpenter stands on the center purlin and sprinkles wine, then throws beanbags to the east and southwest for people to scramble for, to show good luck. This custom is still in use today.
Mongolia's diet, in the pastoral period, mainly to eat beef, mutton, and eat millet, fried rice, cheese, butter, milk tofu as a support. Tea to brick tea-based, and homemade Hargan tea. Shepherds more brick tea with some milk boiled into milk tea to drink. To the full agricultural period, the staple food to grain and cereals, and eat fried rice, etc., to meat and eggs for the store, a variety of vegetables cooked into a variety of fried dishes to eat.
"Mongolia Pie": is living in Mongolia, the Mongolian people in the area of Mongolia in the long-term practice of life original food, it has a distinctive national flavor and regional characteristics. "Mongolian pie" is famous for its color, aroma, taste and shape, and is a beautiful food for entertaining VIPs. Initially, the Mongolian pie with buckwheat as raw materials, folk dry branding and frying; after the transfer of the princes and nobles into the House, the change to butter, soybean oil frying, beef, mutton as filling, and now commonly used as raw materials for the white flour, beef, mutton, pork as filling or "three fresh fillings" (seaweed, eggs, leeks), fried in soybean oil, urban and rural areas, people of all ethnic groups to become a favorite food. "Mongolia Pie" is characterized by three things: First, thin, thin flour and, after wrapping the filling with a knife, hand beat, the skin can not break the leakage. Skillful, cooking out of the pie can be seen through both sides of the crust inside the filling, vegetable filling green as jade, meat filling red as agate. Legend has it that the earliest "Mongolian pie" is made with Joe wheat flour skin, the main reason is that the Mongolian Chaste area nine drought years, the spring seedlings are incomplete, only to destroy the seeds, planting some of the short frost-free period of buckwheat, millet and other early crops. Therefore, buckwheat has become the main raw material to make "Mongolian Pie" crust. However, now it has been changed to wheat flour as the main ingredient of "Mongolian Pie" crust. Secondly, the filling of "Mongolian Pie" is minced especially fine, as fine as chicken powder. Most of the stuffing is made of beef and mutton, supplemented by seasonal vegetables. Thirdly, the branding method is unique. Initially, the folk used the method of dry cooking and frying, and later introduced into the princes and nobles to change the dry cooking and frying with cream, tallow, soybean oil frying. Now it has been changed to the method of frying the pie first and then brushing the oil on the pie after it has been burned. The shape of the fried "Mongolian pie" is round and the color is golden. To eat with chopsticks to break the skin of the pie, hot air released, water contained in the filling, the flavor overflowing, delicious.
Mongolian costume embroidery, mainly using hats, headdresses, collars, cuffs, robes, long and short kangs, boots, shoes, wrestling clothes, racing clothes, purses, pouches, etc., embroidery patterns contain a potential symbolic significance, or a metaphor for the rich and powerful, or the table of the life of the reproduction, through the styling of the performance of the different subjects, the use of metaphors, hyperbole, the technique of love in art. Such as the variations of the disk long pattern, in combination with different patterns such as curly grass pattern, symbolizing good luck, unity and blessings. Horn pattern, representing the prosperity of five animals. Bat, symbolizing good fortune. Back pattern, symbolizing strength. Stripe, symbolizing the rotation of the sun and the four seasons. Cloud pattern, meaning auspiciousness. Fish pattern, symbolizing freedom, tiger, lion and eagle symbolizing hero. Then the apricot blossom symbolizes love, the pomegranate means many children, and the butterfly symbolizes a prolific mother. Longevity, joy and plum represent good wishes. Since ancient times, Mongolian culture has been influenced by Han culture, and in the art of Mongolian dress embroidery, various cultural infiltrations have been accepted subconsciously. Mongolians worship the dragon and phoenix very much, and think that the dragon and phoenix is a god and does not have the meaning of the rule of the Han people, so in the dress, purse, architectural murals, silver bowls, Mongolian knives and other places are decorated with dragon motifs. Mongolian dress embroidery patterns all contain people's wishes for a better life, this symbolic approach and embroidery techniques combined to form a unique "there must be intentional, intentional must be auspicious" pattern connotation characteristics.