Direct lyricism, also known as direct lyricism, is a kind of lyricism that does not want any "attachments", and the author directly expresses his love and hate attitude towards the relevant characters, events and so on. For example, Meng Jiao's "After Enrollment in the Academy":
After Enrollment in the Academy
Meng Jiao
The former sordidness is not enough to boast of,
The present day's debauchery has no end in mind.
The spring breeze is so strong that the horse's hooves are fast,
and the flowers of Chang'an are all seen in one day.
Meng Jiao, a poet, was 40 years old and first, he thought that he could be different from now on, the dragon and the tiger, the big picture, full of complacency and surprise, he wrote this poem. Poetry at the beginning of the chest, the past in the life of the difficulties and thinking on the limitations of the constraints are no longer worth mentioning, this day the gold list, the depression of the stuffy just as the wind is blowing away, the heart is really indescribable pleasure. The last two lines of the indirect lyric, soundly expressed his feelings of joy and happiness.
Another example is Chen Zi'ang's "Song of Ascending to Youzhou Terrace":
Nothing is seen before, nothing is seen after. I think of the longevity of heaven and earth, and I weep in solitude!
The whole piece is in a generous and sad tone, showing the poet's disillusioned situation and lonely and bitter feelings.
Second, the scene of lyricism
When the author of a scene or some objective things have feelings, the feelings they want to express, the expression of thought in this scene, through the description of the scene to be expressed, this way of lyricism is called the scene of lyricism. For example, Du Fu's Autobiography:
The river is blue and the birds are white, and the mountains are green and the flowers want to burn. This spring has passed, when will it be the year of return?
The whole poem expresses the emotion of traveling in a foreign land. The artistic feature of this poem is to write the sadness with the happy scene, but it can only contrast the poet's eagerness to return with the harmony of spring. Instead of letting the sadness of returning home be revealed directly from the scene, the poem uses the difference between objective scenery and subjective feelings to reflect the depth of the poet's nostalgia, which is unique. Another example is Bai Juyi's Spring Walk on Qiantang Lake:
Lone Mountain Temple, north of Jia Ting West, the water is flat and the clouds are low. The early warblers in several places compete for the warm trees, who is the new swallow pecking the mud in spring. The flowers are all over the place, and only the shallow grass can have no hooves. The most favorite east of the lake line is not enough, green poplar shade in the white sand embankment.
This is a landscape poem. This poem is everywhere close to the environment and seasonal characteristics, the just put on the spring coat of the West Lake, depicting the full of life, just right. The beauty of the poem does not lie in the depiction of the work of the brush, but in the scene of emotion, the beauty of nature gives people a concentrated and full of feelings.
Three, borrowing things to express emotion
Poets often use a kind of empathy, the subjective feelings externalized to the objective things. For example, Du Mu's "Farewell":
Farewell
Du Mu
Sentimental, but always seem to have no feelings,
Only realize that the laughter in front of the bottle is not.
The candles are still cherishing their farewells,
and they will shed tears for others until morning.
This is a poem that expresses the poet's feelings of love and regret for the beautiful girl, although this poem is about sadness, it does not use the words "sadness" and "sorrow", but puts aside itself to write about the burning candles at the farewell banquet, and expresses one's feelings of love and regret with the help of this image. The image is used to express one's feelings of attachment and farewell. The candle tears that flowed all night long were sad for the parting of the hero and heroine. The implied anthropomorphism is even more ingenious. Another example is Wang Wei's "Love in Love":
How many red beans are born in the south of the country, how many branches will be sprouted in the spring?
Wish you could pick more of them, they are the most lovesick.
"Red beans" is related to a poignant story. Legend has it that there was a woman in ancient times, because her husband died in a foreign country, she cried herself to death under a tree, and was transformed into a red bean. So people also called the red beans "Acacia". In Tang poetry, it is often used to describe the feelings of love and longing.
Some of the things in classical poems have been followed through the ages to form some "routines", which can be divided into two categories:
(1) The ones borrowed to write farewells and parting sorrows are: willow, plum, grass, moon, smoke, long pavilion, short pavilion, Guanshan, Yuguan, and so on. The following is a list of the most important of the many things you can do to make your life easier. For example:
The grass has no feeling, but it is outside the slanting sun. (Fan Zhongyan's
Where are you waking up from the wine this evening, the moon is gone in the wind on the willow bank. (Liu Yong's "Yu Lin Ling")
Where is the return journey? The long pavilion is even shorter. (Li Bai's "Bodhisattva Barbarian")
The winds of autumn can't be blown away, but it's always the love of the jade. (Li Bai's "Song of Wu at Night")
(2) The objects borrowed for writing about detention and sadness are: cold cicadas, west wind, returning geese, sunset, residual illumination, slanting sun, ape whistles, Zigui (azalea, Duyu, Shu bird), partridge, flute, pipe and so on. For example:
The cold cicadas are woeful to the evening of the Long Pavilion. (Liu Yong's "Yu Lin Ling")
West wind and thin horses on the old road, the sun sets in the west, and the broken-hearted people are at the end of the world. (Ma Zhiyuan, "Tianjingsha? Autumn Thoughts)
Again, I heard Zigui crowing the moon at night, worrying about the empty mountains. (Li Bai's "Hard Road to Shu")
Why should I complain about the Qiang flute? (Wang Zhilux "Liangzhou Lyrics")
The winds are so strong that the apes are whistling in the sky, the islets are clear and the sand is white, and the birds are flying back. (Du Fu's "Ascension")
The evening of the river is full of worries, and the mountains are deep with partridges. (Xin Qiji "Bodhisattva Barbarian")
Four, borrowing things to express emotion
There are two types: one is narrative works, such as Du Fu's "Soldier's Car", Bai Juyi's "charcoal seller", etc.; a lyrical works through the behavior of the people to lyric, such as Zhang Ji's "Autumn Thoughts:
Autumn Thoughts
Jang Ji
Luoyang City to see the wind in the autumn,
Want to write a book, and I want to write a letter to you.
I want to write a letter.
It is not enough to say that I am in a hurry,
and that I am in a hurry to write another letter.
This poem takes the details of the thought and action of sending a letter from home, which is a rich part of daily life, to express the deep longing of a visitor to his hometown for his loved ones in a very sincere and delicate way. The first and second lines say that one has to write a letter home, and one's heart is filled with a thousand sadnesses, and one feels that there are endless words to be said, but one doesn't know where to start. The third and fourth sentences cut out a detail of the letter to be sent: the book into the seal on the occasion, it seems to have been said, but when the messenger to go on the road, but also afraid of just due to the haste to be able to omit to write what is important content, and so hastily open the envelope. The two sentences in the narrative, conveying the true and delicate homesickness, really words have endless. Others are:
The young woman in her bosom does not know how to be sad. （
I can't bear to climb up to the heights and look into the distance, looking at my hometown, which is far away, and it's hard to collect my thoughts of homecoming. (Liu Yong, "Eight Voices of Ganzhou")
Last night, the west wind wilted the blue trees, and I went up to the tall building alone, looking at the end of the world. (Yan Shu, "Butterfly Lovers")
Fifth, the emotion in the scene (or object)
"The scene that is difficult to write, as in the present; the meaning that is not exhaustive, is seen outside the words." (Jinling Yolu), there is no lack of such ancient poems that turn scenery and objects into feelings, and put feelings into the scenery, blending the scene with the masterpieces. For example, Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Lyrics:
The Yellow River rises far above the white clouds, and a lone city is ten thousand feet high.
The Qiang flute has no need to complain about the willow, and the spring breeze does not pass through the Jade Gate.
Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty said in Jiang Zhai Poetry: "Scenario is called two, but in reality it is inseparable. God in the poem, the wonderful combination of infinite." It is more than appropriate to use this sentence to comment on The Lyrics of Liangzhou.
Sixth, the object to express their aspirations
The author uses the characteristics of a certain thing, into their subjective feelings, to express their own aspirations and ambitions. For example, Lu You's "Bu San Zi - Wing Plum":
By the Broken Bridge outside the post, the loneliness of the open no master. It's already dusk and I'm sad alone, but the wind and the rain are even worse. I have no intention of fighting for spring, but I am jealous of the poor. I'm not sure if it's a good idea, but I'm sure it's a good idea that it's a good idea that it's not a good idea.
The author borrowed the plum blossom to show himself not to be with the flatterers, not to be afraid of slander, not to be afraid of destruction, chaste and self-protecting noble character.
Seven, borrowing from the past to satirize the present
This is a common expression in historical poems, borrowing the experience or lessons from historical figures or events as a warning to the real society. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Taicheng":
Taicheng has been prosperous for six generations, and it is the most extravagant thing to be in spring.
Ten thousand households and thousands of doors have become weeds, only because of a song of backyard flowers.
The whole poem is titled Taicheng, the place where the emperors of the six dynasties lived and ruled, and describes the desultory life of the emperors of the six dynasties who indulged in their pleasures, contrasting with the bleak scene of overgrown wild grasses, which transforms the serious lessons of the history into shocking and concrete images, and expresses the infinite feelings of mourning the past and sadness of the present.
Eight, the use of allusions to express their feelings
Borrowing allusions to express their feelings, satirize current events, express their thoughts and feelings. For example, Xin Qiji's "Yongyoule - Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Huaigu":
A thousand years ago, heroes did not find Sun Zhongmou place. The dance halls and singing platforms are always blown away by the rain and wind. The sun is slanting, the grass trees, the ordinary streets and lanes, and people say that they used to live in a slave. I think of the days when I was as angry as a tiger with a jingo and an iron horse. Yuanjia was so hasty that he was able to win the favor of the north. Forty-three years ago, I still remember the fire on Yangzhou Road. When I look back, I can see a piece of God's crows and drums under the Beaver Shrine! I'm not sure who to ask: Can I still eat when I'm old?
This word uses five allusions, and expresses his thoughts and feelings well through historical facts.