In European and American music, the concept of classical music has many explanations:
(1) refers to1the second half of the 8th century ~ 19 the music represented by J. Haydn, W.A. Mozart and L.van Beethoven in the 1920s, that is, the so-called "Vienna classical music" (also called "Vienna classical music" or "Vienna classical music"). Here, the concept of classical music is narrow, which includes geographical and historical categories, especially specific musical styles and genres (see Vienna Classical Music).
② From the historical period of Vienna classical music to the music of Gluck, Handel and Bach, and even to the professional music of various countries since the European Renaissance. In this sense, this concept expands the scope of region and time, and breaks through the limitations of specific music styles and genres.
③ From the historical period of Vienna classical music to the European and American professional music at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, that is to say, composers of romantic and nationalist music schools were included. In this sense,1classical music and modern music have formed two corresponding concepts since the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The main difference between them lies in the difference of musical language and artistic means. The former follows the traditional creative techniques such as mode, tonality and harmony function system, while the latter breaks through this traditional creative method.
④ Modern professional music, which was not purely entertaining from the end of 2009 to the beginning of the 20th century, was included in the concept of classical music. In this sense, the concepts of classical music and serious music are combined into one, and the corresponding concepts are light music, pop music or other purely entertaining pop music.
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Polka dance
The word "Polka" is "half a step" in Czech, which describes the rapid alternation of one foot and the other in 2/4 time. Originally a peasant dance in Czechoslovakia, it developed in the former East Bohemia of Czechoslovakia. Although it should have developed from Czech folk dance, Bohemian historians believe that it was invented by a peasant girl who entertained herself on Sunday.
1833, Polka entered Prague ballroom for the first time. 1840, a dance teacher in Prague performed Polka in Paris, which made Polka suddenly break into salons and dance halls in Paris. A wave of Polka fever has awakened many young people who have no chance to dance. All the dance academies went into battle to teach Polka, but they still couldn't meet people's requirements for learning dance.
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, polka spread to Britain and America, and waltz replaced country dance and Cotilin dance. Polka fever made other Central European dances popular, such as Garoup, Polonaise, Redova, Mazzuca and scottie, which were relatively easy to learn. Galoppe's dance steps are similar to waltz and Polka, but the rhythm is similar to Polka, both of which are 2/4 beats. Dancers dance very fast, only spinning occasionally. Polonaise's main sacrifice is 3/4 beat, with moderate speed. It is a solemn and dignified queue dance, which is often used in the opening of masquerade balls. But it may be because of its queue form that it has not become popular in dance halls dominated by duets. The redova in Bohemia consists of three basic dance steps: the catch-up dance, the ordinary waltz dance and the two-speed waltz dance. Its music is a slow waltz. Mazzuca was originally a Polish folk dance, which used waltz music, but there was always stress on the second or third beat. Dance steps include three basic components: jumping, sliding and heel strike, and the combination of movements is more complicated. Scottie Sk is a German folk dance, which consists of two steps: sliding and jumping, with a rhythm of 2/4 and 4/4 beats. Due to the popularity of these dances, some dances composed of the above dances in different orders and proportions appeared in the ballroom, which greatly enriched the varieties and styles of ballroom dances.
But there are ups and downs in any dance. Polka, even the oldest dance in Central Europe, will inevitably decline. In the 20th century, new dances such as ragtime and jazz overwhelmed Polka with their brand-new vitality and appearance. Nowadays, in the land outside Poland, we can only see Polka in some classical ballets within the scope of Polish immigrants in the United States. Polka dancing is no longer popular in dance halls.
Polka dance
polka
/kloc-a 2/4-beat duet popular in Europe in the 0/9th century. Both Poland and Czechoslovakia believe that it originated from their respective cultural traditions. 65438+The steps of Polka Rhythm Dance, which was popular in Czech countryside in 1930s, laid the foundation for Polka Dance. This is a lively dance. The dancers stand face to face, with the right hand of the male partner holding the waist of the female partner and the left hand reaching out to hold the right hand of the female partner. According to this posture, the dancers rotate counterclockwise around the ballroom in pairs. There are mainly two kinds of dance steps: one is the one-legged bouncing step, which can move forward, backward or rotate, called the polka step; The other is the action of heel and toe landing in turn. 1840, Polka was brought to Paris by professional dancers and performed at Odeon Theatre. The master dancer in Paris adapted it into a dance with five patterns (see country dance), which was deeply loved by the public. 1844, the Paris dance teacher Celarius brought it to London and spread all over England. Polka dance extends from Windsor Castle to the ball in the town. At the same time, some performance variants have appeared in theaters in Paris and London. The variation of 3/4 beat created by F Cerrito and A Saint Leon is also famous, and it is called the redova dance. The composer B Bedrich Smetana's "The Betrayed Bride" and J Weinberg's "Swan the Piper" also used polka dance.
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Heavy metals can be roughly divided into:
1, traditional heavy metals, such as "kiss" and "scorpion";
2. "Buji Metal" is a popular music in the field of heavy metals. Its melody is generally beautiful, and the lyrics mostly involve "sex", "drama" and "love". Singers are often sexy and idol singers, such as Bon Jovi, "Poison" and "Archer". The only sign that distinguishes this heavy metal from other heavy metals is. Some heavy metal bands may not be "Buji Metal" at first, but once they become commercial symbols, they will become "Buji Metal".
3. Speed metal;
4. Punk metal;
5. Knock metal;
6. Death metal;
7. Grunge (junk music) and so on.
Speed metal: In rock music, rhythm is a very important part. In fact, the change of rock music style is largely determined by the change of rhythm. From the earliest blues to R&B, to blues rock, to today's various styles of rock music, rhythm is like a bone, supporting the music from beginning to end. Heavy metal is no exception, but the difference between heavy metal and other music styles is that heavy metal largely depends on the extension and change of skills. Then the combination of rhythm and skill becomes the most important part of heavy metals. With the strength of heavy metals gradually hardening and the speed gradually accelerating, speed metals appeared. Its symbol is that every band has a very good guitarist. The speed of speed metal has reached the limit of human playing musical instruments. It is impossible to describe the speed of speed metal with the phrase "raindrop-like rhythm". Musicians often achieve the desired strength and effect through speed. The most famous speed metal band is Metal.
Punk metal: It inherits and develops the basic idea of punk, and promotes punk's point of view with the playing skills and orchestration of metal music, so that punk consciousness still survives in the metal age. Punk metal has a strong political intention, and its rebellious consciousness is far stronger than ordinary heavy metal music. Such as early alice cooper and recent extremes. Punk metal is different from metal punk. Punk metal is heavy metal in the final analysis, and metal punk is punk music that absorbs the wild, violent and distorted effects of heavy metal music. But it removes the most striking feature of heavy metal music: guitar solo. And then pursue a primitive and rough effect. Such as ramones, Big Black and so on.
Grunge: It belongs to heavy metal style, but it is not quite the same as other heavy metal music. It actually developed the characteristics of honesty, directness, primitiveness and anti-tradition in punk rock in 1970s. Its music originated from punk music in the 1970s, and it also accepted heavy metal music. Post-punk noise music in the mid-1980s is also the source of its style. It is different from any kind of heavy metal, and its cold, weird and noisy style gives people a refreshing feeling. The image of Grouge members is also different from that of heavy metals. Goat beard, round shirt, plaid shirt and topless clothes seem to be the image symbols of the Voice of Seattle. The representative bands are Nirvana (Nirvana), Sound Garden Band (Sound Garden), Pearl Jam (Pearl Sauce) and Alice In chains. Death metal: "Death metal" is a kind of music that is too extreme to be taken seriously. It not only scraped your cocoon eardrum with noise, avant-garde classical music, jazz and industrial noise, but also amplified it with a megaphone and roared it out with the power of a meat grinder. Extreme times lead to extreme music, roaring out the concepts of aggression and madness with gloomy tunes.
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a blow
Developed from Ragtime and Bruce in the early 1920s, it has a free improvisation style, exciting rhythm and distinctive syncopation, which are subtle and cannot be accurately recorded.
Among many popular music, jazz is the first music that has a wide influence in the world. Jazz is actually American folk music. European church music, American black violin and banjo traditional music combined with African singing and American black labor horn to form the original "folk blues", while "ragtime" and "folk blues" formed early jazz.